How Did You Like This Course? The Advantages and Limitations of Reaction Criteria in Ethics Education

REFERENCES

• Alliger, G. M., & Janak, E. A. (1989). Kirkpatrick’s levels of training criteria: Thirty years later. Personnel Psychology, 42, 331–342. doi:10.1111/peps.1989.42.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alliger, G. M., Tannenbaum, S. I., Bennet, W., & Allison-Shotland, H. T. (1997). A meta-anlaysis of the relations among training criteria. Personnel Psychology, 50, 341–358. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1997.tb00911.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antes, A. L., Murphy, S. T., Waples, E. P., Mumford, M. D., Brown, R. P., Connelly, S., & Devenport, L. D. (2009). A meta-analysis of ethics instruction effectiveness in the sciences. Ethics and Behavior, 19, 379–402. doi:10.1080/10508420903035380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antes, A. L., Wang, X., Mumford, M. D., Brown, R. P., Connelly, S., & Devenport, L. D. (2010). Evaluating the effects that existing instruction on responsible conduct of research has on ethical decision making. Responsible Conduct of Research, 85, 519–526.
   Google Scholar
• Baldwin, T. T., & Ford, K. J. (1988). Transfer of training: A review and directions for future research. Personnel Psychology, 41, 63–105. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1988.tb00632.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balotsky, E. R., & Steingard, D. S. (2006). How teaching business ethics makes a difference: Findings from an ethical learning model. Journal of Business Ethics Education, 3, 5–34.
   Google Scholar
• Bassi, L. J., Benson, G., & Cheney, S. (1996). The top ten trends. Training & Development, 50(11), 28–42.
   Google Scholar
• Bernardin, H. J., & Buckley, M. R. (1981). Strategies in rater training. Academy of Management Review, 6, 205–212.
   Google Scholar
• Blume, B. D., Ford, J. K., Baldwin, T. T., & Huang, J. L. (2010). Transfer of training: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Management, 36, 1065–1105. doi:10.1177/0149206309352880
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinkerhoff, R. O. (1986). Achieving results from training. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Craft, J. L. (2013). A review of the empirical ethical decision-making literature: 2004-2011. Journal of Business Ethics, 117, 221–259. doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1518-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doron, I. (2007). Court of ethics: Teaching ethics and ageing by means of role-playing. Educational Gerontology, 33, 737–758. doi:10.1080/03601270701364479
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman, D. C. (1989). Socialization, resocialization, and training: Reframing the research agenda. In I. L. Goldstein (Ed.), Training and development in organizations (pp. 376–416). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Fleischmann, K. R., Robbins, R. W., & Wallace, W. A. (2011). Information ethics education for a multicultural world. Journal of Information Systems Education, 22, 191–201.
   Google Scholar
• Geber, B. (1995). Does your training make a difference? Prove it!. Training, 32, 27–34.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein, I. L. (1980b). Training in work organizations. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 229–272. doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.31.020180.001305
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein, I. L., & Ford, J. K. (2002). Training in organizations (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
   Google Scholar
• Holton, E. F. (1996). The flawed four-level evaluation model. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 7, 5–21. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1532-1096
   Google Scholar
• Huang, J. L., Blume, B. D., Ford, J. K., & Baldwin, T. T. (2015). A tale of two transfers: Disentangling maximum and typical transfer and their respective predictors. Journal of Business and Psychology, 30, 709–732. doi:10.1007/s10869-014-9394-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, D. A. (2009). A novel approach to business ethics training: Improving moral reasoning in just a few weeks. Journal of Business Ethics, 88, 367–379. doi:10.1007/s10551-008-9969-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalichman, M. (2014). Rescuing responsible conduct of research (RCR) education. Accountability in Research, 21, 68–83. doi:10.1080/08989621.2013.822271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalichman, M. W., & Friedman, P. J. (1992). A pilot study of biomedical trainees’ perceptions concerning research ethics. Academic Medicine, 67, 769–775. doi:10.1097/00001888-199211000-00015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller, D. W. (2007). The impact of transformational ethics instruction methodologies on student moral judgment in a leadership development course at a large public university in Texas ( Unpublished dissertation). Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
   Google Scholar
• Kirkpatrick, D. L. (1959). Techniques for evaluating training programs. Journal of American Society for Training and Development, 13, 3–9.
   Google Scholar
• Kirkpatrick, D. L. (1996). Great ideas revisited. Training and Development, 50, 54–59.
   Google Scholar
• Kraiger, K., Ford, J. K., & Salas, E. (1993). Application of cognitive, skill-based, and affective theories of learning outcomes to new methods of training evaluation. Journal of Applied Psychology Monograph, 78, 311–328. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.2.311
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kriager, K. (2002). Decision-based Evaluation. In K. Kriager (Ed.), Creating, implementing, and maintaining effectice training and development: Stat-of-the-artlessons for practice (pp. 331–375). Mahwah, NJ: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Kyle, G. (2008). Using anonymized reflection to teach ethics: A pilot study. Nursing Ethics, 15, 6–16. doi:10.1177/0969733007083931
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau, A. S. (2004). Teaching engineering ethics to first-year college students. Science and Engineering Ethics, 10(2), 359–368. doi:10.1007/s11948-004-0032-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, B., & Padgett, G. (2000). Evaluating the effectiveness of a mass media ethics course. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 55, 27–39. doi:10.1177/107769580005500204
   Google Scholar
• Lee, S. H., & Pershing, J. A. (1999). Effective reaction evaluation in evaluating training programs: Purposes and dimension classification. Performance Improvement, 38, 32–39. doi:10.1002/pfi.4140380808
   Google Scholar
• Liao, S. C., Chen, W., & Tai, C. J. (2009). Enhancing medical ethics instruction with a classroom response system. Medical Education, 43, 487–488. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03347.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Y.-T., Chen, S.-C., & Chuang, H.-T. (2011). The effect of organizational commitment on employee reactions to educational training: An evaluation using the kirkpatrick four-level model. International Journal of Management, 28, 926–939.
   Google Scholar
• Loe, T. W., Ferrell, L., & Mansfield, P. (2000). A review of empirical studies assessing ethical decision making in business. Journal of Business Ethics, 25, 185–204. doi:10.1023/A:1006083612239
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mabrouk, P. A. (2013). An Investigation of the Evolution of High School and Undergraduate Student Researchers’ Understanding of Key Science Ethics Concepts. Journal of College Science Teaching, 43, 91–99. doi:10.2505/4/jcst13_043_02_91
   Google Scholar
• Macrina, F. L., Funk, C. L., & Barrett, K. (2004). Effectiveness of responsible conduct of research instruction: Initial findings. Journal of Research Administration, 35, 6–13.
   Google Scholar
• Marsh, H. B., & Overall, J. U. (1980). Validity of students’ evaluations of teaching effectiveness: Cognitive and affective criteria. Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 468–475. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.72.4.468
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathieu, J. E., Tannenbaum, S. I., & Salas, E. (1992). Influences of individual and situational characteristics on training effectiveness. Academy of Management Journal, 35, 828–847. doi:10.2307/256317
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayhew, B. W., & Murphy, P. R. (2009). The impact of ethics education on reporting behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 86, 397–416. doi:10.1007/s10551-008-9854-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medeiros, K. E., Watts, L. L., Mulhearn, T., Steele, L. M., Mumford, M. D., & Connelly, S. (2016). A meta-analytic review of business ethics education from 1988 to 2015. Manuscript submitted for publication.
   Google Scholar
• Michalak, D. F. (1981). The neglected half of training. Training and Development Journal, 35, 22–28.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, R. B., & Casper, W. J. (2000). Examining the factor structure of participant reactions to training: A multidimensional approach. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 11, 301–317. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1532-1096
   Google Scholar
• Noe, R. A. (1986). Trainees’ attributes and attitudes: Neglected influences on training effectiveness. The Academy of Management Review, 11, 736–749.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Fallon, M. J., & Butterfield, K. D. (2005). A review of the empirical ethical decision-making literature; 1996-2003. Journal of Business Ethics, 59, 375–413.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, J. J. (1997). Handbook of training evaluation and measurement methods. Houston, TX: Gulf.
   Google Scholar
• Plaisance, P. L. (2006). An assessment of media ethics education: Course content and the values and ethical ideologies of media ethics students. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 61, 378–396. doi:10.1177/107769580606100404
   Google Scholar
• Powell, S. T., Allison, M. A., & Kalichman, M. W. (2007). Effectiveness of a responsible conduct of research course: A preliminary study. Science and Engineering Ethics, 13, 249–264. doi:10.1007/s11948-007-9012-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenthal, R. (1979). The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 638–641. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouiller, J. Z., & Goldstein, I. L. (1993). Transfer climate and positive transfer of training. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 4, 377–390. doi:10.1002/hrdq.3920040408
   Google Scholar
• Ryden, M. B., & Duckett, L. (1991). Ethics education for baccalaureate nursing students ( Unpublished research report). University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
   Google Scholar
• Saari, L. M., Johnson, T. R., McLaughlin, S. D., & Zimmerle, D. M. (1988). A survey of managment training and education practices in U.S. companies. Personnel Psychology, 41, 731–743. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1988.tb00650.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos, A., & Stuart, M. (2003). Employee perceptions and thier influence on training effectiveness. Human Resource Management Journal, 13, 27–45. doi:10.1111/j.1748-8583.2003.tb00082.x
   Google Scholar
• Simola, S. K. (2010). Use of a “coping-modeling, problem-solving” program in business ethics education. Journal of Business Ethics, 96, 383–401. doi:10.1007/s10551-010-0473-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sitzmann, T., Brown, K. G., Casper, W. J., Ely, K., & Zimmerman, R. D. (2008). A review and meta-analysis of the nomological network of trainee reactions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 280–295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steele, L. M., Mulhearn, T. J., Medeiros, K. E., Watts, L. L., Connelly, S., & Mumford, M. D. (2016). How do we know what works? A review and critique of current practices in ethics training evaluation. Accountability in Research, 23, 319–350. doi:10.1080/08989621.2016.1186547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, J. A., Hall, R. J., & Boyce, C. (2003). The role of employee reactions in predicting training effectiveness. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 14, 397–411. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1532-1096
   Google Scholar
• Tannenbaum, S. I., Mathieu, J. E., Salas, E., & Cannon-Bowers, J. A. (1991). Meeting trainees’ expectations: The influence of training fulfillment on the development of commitment, self-efficacy, and motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 759–769. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.76.6.759
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treviño, L. K., den Nieuwenboer, N. A., & Kish-Gephart, J. J. (2014). (Un)ethical behavior in organizations. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 635–660. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treviño, L. K., Waver, G. R., & Brown, M. E. (2008). It’s lovely at the top: Hierarchical levels, identities, and perceptions of organizational ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 18, 233–252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Sloten, K. S. (2014). Predicting Navy landing signal officer performance using Kirkpatrick’s training evaluation model ( Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Colorado Technical University, Colorado Springs, CO.
   Google Scholar
• Waples, E. P., Antes, A. L., Murphy, S. T., Connelly, S., & Mumford, M. D. (2009). A meta-analytic investigation of business ethics instruction. Journal of Business Ethics, 87, 133–151. doi:10.1007/s10551-008-9875-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watts, L. L., Medeiros, K. E., Mulhearn, T. J., Steele, L. M., Connelly, S., & Mumford, M. D. (2016). Are ethics training programs improving? A meta-analytic review of past and present ethics instruction in the sciences. Ethics & Behavior. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/10508422.2016.1182025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watts, L. L., Mulhearn, T. J., Medeiros, K. E., Steele, L. M., Connelly, S., & Mumford, M. D. (2016). Modeling the instructional effectiveness of RCR education: A meta-analytic path-analysis. Ethics & Behavior. Advance online publicaton. doi: 10.1080/10508422.2016.1247354
   Google Scholar