References
- Arditti, J. A. (2016). A family stress-proximal process model for understanding the effects of parental incarceration on children and their families. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 5(2), 65–88. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/cfp0000058
- Armstrong, E., Eggins, E., Reid, N., Harnett, P., & Dawe, S. (2018). Parenting interventions for incarcerated parents to improve parenting knowledge and skills, parent well-being, and quality of the parent–child relationship: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 14(3), 279–317. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-017-9290-6
- Benzies, K., Clarke, D., Barker, L., & Mychasiuk, R. (2013). UpStart Parent Survey: A new psychometrically valid tool for the evaluation of prevention-focused parenting programs. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17(8), 1452–1458.
- Block, S., Brown, C. A., Barretti, L. M., Walker, E., Yudt, M., & Fretz, R. (2014). A mixed-method assessment of a parenting program for incarcerated fathers. The Journal of Correctional Education, 65(1), 50–67.
- Bushfield, S. (2004). Fathers in prison: Impact of parenting education. Journal of Correctional Education, 55(2), 104–116.
- Doty, J., Davis, L., & Arditti, J. A. (2017). Cascading resilience: Leverage points in promoting parent and child well-being. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 9(1), 111–126. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.111/jftr.12175
- Eddy, J. M., & Burraston, B. O. (2018). Chapter 5: Programs promoting the successful reentry of fathers from jail or prison to home in their communities. In C. Wildeman, A.R. Haskins, and J. Poehlmann-Tynan (Eds.), When parents are incarcerated: Interdisciplinary research and interventions to support children (pp. 109–131). The American Psychological Association.
- Eddy, J. M., Martinez, C. R., & Burraston, B. (2013). Relationship processes and resilience in children with incarcerated parents: VI. A randomized controlled trial of a parent management training program for incarcerated parents: Proximal impacts. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 78(3), 75–93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12022.
- Farrington, D. P., & Welsh, B. C. (2003). Family-based prevention of offending: A meta-analysis. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 36(2), 127–151. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1375/acri.36.2.127
- Fowler, C., Rossiter, C., Dawson, A., Jackson, D., & Power, T. (2017). Becoming a “better” father: Supporting the needs of incarcerated fathers. The Prison Journal, 97(6), 692–712. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885517734495
- Gasper, J. A. F., Stolberg, A. L., Macie, K. M., & Williams, L. J. (2008). Co-parenting in intact and divorced families: Its impact on young adult adjustment. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 49, 272–290. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10502550802231924
- Geller, A. (2013). Paternal incarceration and father-child contact in fragile families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 75(5), 1288–1303. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12056
- Glaze, L., & Maruschak, L. (2010). Parents in prison and their minor children. Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report. U.S. Department of Justice.
- Gramlinch, J. (2018). America’s incarceration rate is at a two-decade low. Pew Research Center.
- Hale, D. C. (1988). The impact of mothers' incarceration on the family system. Marriage & Family Review, 12(1–2), 143–154. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v12n01_09
- Houck, K. D. F., & Loper, A. B. (2002). The relationship of parenting stress to adjustment among mothers in prison. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 72(4), 548–558. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.72.4.548.
- Lindquist, C., Willison, J. B., Rossman, S., Walters, J. H., & Lattimore, P. K. (2015). Second chance act adult offender reentry demonstration programs: Implementation challenges and lessons learned. National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.
- Loper, A. B., Phillips, V., Nichols, E. B., & Dallaire, D. H. (2014). Characteristics and effects of co-parenting alliance between incarcerated parents and child caregivers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(2), 225–241. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9709-7
- Loper, A. B., & Tuerk, E. H. (2006). Parenting programs for incarcerated parents current research and future directions. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 17(4), 407–427. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403406292692
- Lundahl, B. W., Nimer, J., & Parsons, B. (2006). Preventing child abuse: A meta-analysis of parent training programs. Research on Social Work Practice, 16(3), 251–262. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731505284391
- Marczak, M. S., Becher, E. H., Hardman, A. M., Galos, D. L., & Ruhland, E. (2015). Strengthening the role of unmarried fathers: Findings from the Co-Parent Court project. Family Process, 54(4), 630–638. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12134.
- Martin, J. S., & Phaneuf, S. W. (2018). Family visitation and its relationship to parental stress among jailed fathers. The Prison Journal, 98(6), 738–759. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885518812107.
- McHale, J., Waller, M. R., & Pearson, J. (2012). Co-parenting interventions for fragile families: What do we know and where do we need to go next? Family Process, 51(3), 284–306. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2012.01402.x
- Milavetz, Z., Pritzl, K., Muentner, L., & Poehlmann, J. (2021). Unmet mental health needs of jailed parents with young children. Family Relations, 70(1), 130–145. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12525
- Miller, A. L., Perryman, J., Markovitz, L., Franzen, S., Cochran, S., & Brown, S. (2013). Strengthening incarcerated families: Evaluating a pilot program for children of incarcerated parents and their caregivers. Family Relations, 62(4), 584–596. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12029.
- Minnesota Department of Education. (2018). Minnesota student survey reports 2013–2019. https://public.education.mn.gov/MDEAnalytics/DataTopic.jsp?TOPICID=242.
- Murray, J., Farrington, D. P., & Sekol, I. (2012). Children’s antisocial behavior, mental health, drug use, and educational performance after parental incarceration: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 138(2), 175–210. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026407.
- Pinquart, M., & Teubert, D. (2010). Effects of parenting education with expectant and new parents: A meta-analysis. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(3), 316–327. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019691.
- Poehlmann‐Tynan, J., & Turney, K. (2021). A developmental perspective on children with incarcerated parents. Child Development Perspectives, 15(1), 3–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12392.
- R Core Team. (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
- Roy, K. M., & Dyson, O. L. (2005). Gatekeeping in context: Babymama drama and the involvement of incarcerated fathers. Fathering, 3(3), 289–310. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3149/fth.0303.289.
- Shlafer, R., Duwe, G., & Hindt, L. (2019). Parents in prison and their minor children: Comparisons between state and national estimates. The Prison Journal, 99(3), 310–328. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885519836996.
- Tach, L., Mincy, R., & Edin, K. (2010). Parenting as a “package deal”: relationships, fertility, and nonresident father involvement among unmarried parents. Demography, 47(1), 181–204. doi: 35400060697406.001.
- Tadros, E., Durante, K. A., McKay, T., & Hollie, B. (2021). Coparenting from prison: An examination of incarcerated fathers’ consensus of coparenting. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2021.1913669
- Teubert, D., & Pinquart, M. (2010). The association between coparenting and child adjustment: A meta-analysis. Parenting, 10(4), 286–307. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2010.492040.
- University of Minnesota Extension. (n.d). Parents forever online. https://extension.umn.edu/courses-and-events/parents-forever-online.
- Wilczak, G. L., & Markstrom, C. A. (1999). The effects of parent education on parental locus of control and satisfaction of incarcerated fathers. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 43(1), 90–102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X99431009.
- Wilson, K., Gonzalez, P., Romero, T., Henry, K., & Cerbana, C. (2010). The effectiveness of parent education for incarcerated parents: An evaluation of parenting from prison. Journal of Correctional Education, 61(2), 114–132. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23282635.