Are we “out of the box” yet? A case study and critique of managerial metaphors of change

References

• Akin , G. and Palmer , I. 2000 . Putting metaphors to work for change in organizations . Organizational Dynamics , 28 : 67 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Argyris , C. 1995 . “ Knowledge when used in practice tests theory: The case of applied communication research ” . In Applied communication in the 21st century , Edited by: Cissna , K. N. 1 – 19 . Manwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Armenakis , A. A. and Bedeian , A. G. 1992 . The role of metaphors in organizational change . Group & Organization Management , 17 : 242 – 248 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker , J. R. 1993 . Tightening the iron cage: Concertive control in self‐managing teams . Administrative Science Quarterly , 38 : 408 – 437 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker , J. R. and Cheney , G. 1994 . The concept and practices of discipline in contemporary organizational life . Communication Monographs , 61 : 19 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black , M. 1962 . Models and metaphors: Studies in language and philosophy , Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Black , M. 1979 . “ More about metaphor ” . In Metaphor and thought , Edited by: Ortony , A. 19 – 43 . Cambridge, , England : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Burke , W. W. 1992 . Metaphors to consult . Group & Organization Management , 17 : 255 – 259 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burrell , N. A. , Buzzanell , P. M. and McMillan , J. J. 1992 . Feminine tensions in conflict situations as revealed by metaphoric analyses . Management Communication Quarterly , 6 : 115 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Butcher , D. and Atkinson , S. 2000 . The bottom‐up principle . Management Review , January : 48 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Champlin , D. and Olson , P. 1994 . Post‐industrial metaphors: Understanding corporate restructuring and the economic environment of the 1990s . Journal of Economic Issues , 28 : 449 – 459 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleary , C. and Packard , T. 1992 . The use of metaphors in organizational assessment and change . Group & Organization Management , 17 : 229 – 241 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffman , S. L. 1992 . Staff problems with geriatric care in two types of health care organizations . Journal of Applied Communication Research , 20 : 292 – 307 .
   Google Scholar
• Coffman , S. L. and Eblen , A. L. 1987 . Metaphor use and perceived managerial effectiveness . Journal of Applied Communication Research , 15 : 53 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Cripe , E. J. 1996 . Use graphic metaphors to communicate organizational change . Communication World , December : 34 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Deetz , S. 1986 . “ Metaphors and the discursive production and reproduction of organization ” . In Organizational communication: Emerging perspectives , Edited by: Thayer , L. Vol. I , 168 – 182 . Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Deetz , S. 1992 . Democracy in an age of corporate colonization , Albany, NY : State University of New York Press .
   Google Scholar
• Deetz , S. 1995 . Transforming communication, transforming business: Building responsive and responsible workplaces , Cresskill, NJ : Hampton Press .
   Google Scholar
• Deetz , S. and Mumby , D. 1985 . Metaphors, information, and power . Information and Behavior , 1 : 369 – 386 .
   Google Scholar
• Deetz , S. and Mumby , D. K. 1990 . Power, discourse, and the workplace: Reclaiming the critical tradition . Communication Yearbook , 13 : 18 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Dohnellon , A. , Gray , B. and Bougon , M. G. 1986 . Communication, meaning, and action . Administrative Science Quarterly , 31 : 43 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg , E. M. 1984 . Ambiguity as strategy in organizational communication . Communication Monographs , 51 : 227 – 242 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairhurst , G. T. 1993 . Echoes of the vision: When the rest of the organization talks Total Quality . Management Communication Quarterly , 6 : 331 – 371 .
   Google Scholar
• Fairhurst , G. T. , Jordan , J. M. and Neuwirth , K. 1997 . Why are we here? Managing the meaning of an organizational mission statement . Journal of Applied Communication Research , 25 : 243 – 263 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford , J. D. and Ford , L. 1995 . The role of conversations in producing intentional change in organizations . Academy of Management Review , 20 : 541 – 570 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frey , L. C. , O'Hair , D. and Kreps , G. L. 1990 . “ Applied communication methodology ” . In Applied communication theory and research , Edited by: O'Hair , D. and Kreps , G. L. 23 – 56 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Giddens , A. 1984 . The constitution of society , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gioia , D. A. , Schultz , M. and Corley , K. G. 2000 . Organizational identity, image and adaptive instability . Academy of Management Review , 25 : 63 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorgensen‐Earp , C. R. and Staton , A. Q. 1993 . Student metaphors for the college freshman experience . Communication Education , 42 : 123 – 141 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karathanos , P. and Huter , L. 1995 . Organizational change through metaphorical expression of values . Journal of Technical Writing and Communication , 25 : 243 – 249 .
   Google Scholar
• Kellett , P. M. 1999 . Dialogue and dialectics in managing organizational change: The case of a mission‐based transformation . The Southern Communication Journal , 64 : 211 – 231 .
   Google Scholar
• Kendall , J. E. and Kendall , K. E. 1993 . Metaphors and methodologies: Living beyond the systems machine . MIS Quarterly , 17 : 149 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch , S. and Deetz , S. 1981 . Metaphor analysis of social reality in organizations . Journal of Applied Communication Research , 9 : 1 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Kramlinger , T. 1998 . How to deliver a change message . Training and Development , 52 : 44 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Lakoff , G. and Johnson , M. 1980 . Metaphors we live , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Langer , S. K. 1957 . Philosophy in a new key: A study in the symbolism of reason, rite, and art , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , L. K. 2000 . “Blindsided by that one” and “I saw that one coming”: The relative anticipation and occurrence of communication problems and other problems in implementers’ hindsight . Journal of Applied Communication Research , 28 : 44 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis , L. K. and Seibold , D. R. 1998 . “ Reconceptualizing organizational change implementation as a communication problem: A review of literature and research agenda ” . In Communication Yearbook , Vol. 21 , 93 – 151 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Lindlof , T. R. Qualitative communication research methods , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Marshak , R. J. 1993 . Managing the metaphors of change . Organizational Dynamics , 22 : 44 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , G. 1986 . Images of organization , Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Morgan , G. 1993 . Imaginization: The art of creative management , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Ortony , A. 1979 . “ Metaphor: A multidimensional problem ” . In Metaphor and thought , Edited by: Ortony , A. 1 – 16 . Cambridge, , England : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Palmer , I. and Dunford , R. 1996 . Conflicting uses of metaphors: Reconceptualizing their use in the field of organizational change . Academy of Management Review , 21 : 691 – 717 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton , M. Q. 1990 . Qualitative evaluation and research methods , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Pearce , C. L. and Osmond , C. P. 1996 . Metaphors for change: The ALPs model of change management . Organizational Dynamics , 24 : 23 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy , M. J. 1979 . “ The conduit metaphor‐a case of frame conflict in our language about language ” . In Metaphor and thought , Edited by: Ortony , A. 284 – 324 . Cambridge, , England : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Richards , I. A. 1936 . The philosophy of rhetoric , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sackmann , S. 1989 . The role of metaphors in organization transformation . Human Relations , 42 : 463 – 485 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schon , D. A. 1979 . “ Generative metaphor: A perspective on problem‐setting in social policy ” . In Metaphor and thought , Edited by: Ortony , A. 284 – 324 . Cambridge, , England : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , K. K. and Simmons , V. M. 1983 . A Rumpelstiltskin organization: Metaphors on metaphors in field research . Administrative Science Quarterly , 28 : 377 – 392 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , R. C. and Eisenberg , E. M. 1987 . Conflict at Disneyland: A root‐metaphor analysis . Communication Monographs , 54 : 367 – 380 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suchan , J. 1995 . The influence of organizational metaphors on writers’ communication roles and stylistic choices . The Journal of Business Communication , 32 : 7 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Van de Ven , A. H. and Poole , M. S. 1995 . Explaining development and change in organizations . Academy of Management Review , 20 : 510 – 540 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weick , K. 1979 . The social psychology oforganizing , (2nd ed.) , Reading, MA : Addison‐Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• Wendt , R. F. 1994 . Learning to “walk the talk”: A critical tale of the micropolitics at a Total Quality university . Management Communication Quarterly , 8 : 5 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Wendt , R. F. and Fairhurst , G. T. 1994 . Looking for “the vision thing”: The rhetoric of leadership in the 1992 Presidential election . Communication Quarterly , 42 : 180 – 195 .
   Google Scholar
• Zorn , T. E. , Page , D. J. and Cheney , G. 2000 . Nuts about change: Multiple perspectives on change‐oriented communication in a public sector organization . Management Communication Quarterly , 13 : 515 – 566 .
   Google Scholar