Affection Deprivation Is Associated With Physical Pain and Poor Sleep Quality

References

• An, X., Bandler, R., Öngür, D., & Price, J. L. (1998). Prefrontal cortical projections to longitudinal columns in the midbrain periaqueductal gray in macaque monkeys. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 401, 455–479. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19981130)401:4<455:AID-CNE3>3.3.CO;2-Y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backhaus, J., Junghanns, K., Broocks, A., Riemann, D., & Hohagen, F. (2002). Test-retest reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in primary insomnia. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 737–740. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00330-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumeister, R. F., Brewer, L. E., Tice, D. M., & Twenge, J. M. (2007). Thwarting the need to belong: Understanding the interpersonal and inner effects of social exclusion. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1, 506–520. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00020.x
   Google Scholar
• Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497–529. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, S. L., Schwartz, A. L., Towsley, G., Dudley, W., & Barsevick, A. (2004). Psychometric evaluation of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in cancer patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 27, 140–148. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2003.12.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, R. A., & Healey, J. G. (1992). Idiomatic communication and interpersonal solidarity in friends’ relational cultures. Human Communication Research, 18, 307–335. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1992.tb00555.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berinsky, A. J., Huber, G. A., & Lenz, G. S. (2012). Evaluating online labor markets for experimental research: Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk. Political Analysis, 20, 351–368. doi:10.1093/pan/mpr057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brazier, J. E., Harper, R., Jones, N. M., O’Cathain, A., Thomas, K. J., Usherwood, T., & Westlake, L. (1992). Validating the SF-36 health survey questionnaire: New outcome measure for primary care. British Medical Journal, 305, 160–164. doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6846.160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush, G., Luu, P., & Posner, M. I. (2000). Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 215–222. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01483-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28, 193–213. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., Crawford, E., Ernst, J. M., Burleson, M. H., Kowalewski, R. B., & Berntson, G. G. (2002). Loneliness and health: Potential mechanisms. Psychosomatic Medicine, 64, 407–417. doi:10.1097/00006842-200205000-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cacioppo, J. T., & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter, J. S., & Andrykowski, M. A. (1998). Psychometric evaluation of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 45, 5–13. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(97)00298-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeWall, C. N., & Baumeister, R. F. (2006). Alone but feeling no pain: Effects of social exclusion on physical pain tolerance and pain threshold, affective forecasting, and interpersonal empathy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 1–15. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.1.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downs, V. C., & Javidi, M. (1990). Linking communication motives to loneliness in the lives of older adults: An empirical test of interpersonal needs and gratifications. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 18, 32–48. doi:10.1080/00909889009360313
   Google Scholar
• Eisenberger, N. I., & Lieberman, M. D. (2004). Why rejection hurts: A common neural alarm system for physical and social pain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 294–300. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.05.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D. (2003, October 10). Does rejection hurt?: An fMRI study of social exclusion. Science, 302, 290–292. doi:10.1126/science.1089134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd, K. (2002). Human affection exchange: V. Attributes of the highly affectionate. Communication Quarterly, 50, 135–152. doi:10.1080/01463370209385653
   Google Scholar
• Floyd, K. (2006a). Communicating affection: Interpersonal behavior and social context. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Floyd, K. (2006b). Human affection exchange: XII. Affectionate communication is associated with diurnal variation in salivary free cortisol. Western Journal of Communication, 70, 47–63. doi:10.1080/10570310500506649
   Google Scholar
• Floyd, K. (2014). Relational and health correlates of affection deprivation. Western Journal of Communication, 78, 383–403. doi:10.1080/10570314.2014.927071
   Google Scholar
• Floyd, K. (2016). Affection exchange theory. In C. R. Berger & M. E. Roloff (Eds.), International encyclopedia of interpersonal communication. New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Floyd, K., Boren, J. P., Hannawa, A. F., Hesse, C., McEwan, B., & Veksler, A. E. (2009). Kissing in marital and cohabiting relationships: Effects on blood lipids, stress, and relationship satisfaction. Western Journal of Communication, 73, 113–133. doi:10.1080/10570310902856071
   Google Scholar
• Floyd, K., & Burgoon, J. K. (1999). Reacting to nonverbal expressions of liking: A test of interaction adaptation theory. Communication Monographs, 66, 219–239. doi:10.1080/03637759909376475
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd, K., & Hesse, C. (in press). Affection deprivation is conceptually and empirically distinct from loneliness. Western Journal of Communication.
   Google Scholar
• Floyd, K., Hesse, C., & Generous, M. A. (2015). Affection exchange theory: A bio-evolutionary look at affectionate communication. In D. O. Braithwaite & P. Schrodt (Eds.), Engaging theories in interpersonal communication (2nd ed., pp. 303–314). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Floyd, K., Hesse, C., & Haynes, M. T. (2007). Human affection exchange: XV. Metabolic and cardiovascular correlates of trait expressed affection. Communication Quarterly, 55, 79–94. doi:10.1080/01463370600998715
   Google Scholar
• Floyd, K., Mikkelson, A. C., Hesse, C., & Pauley, P. M. (2007). Affectionate writing reduces total cholesterol: Two randomized, controlled trials. Human Communication Research, 33, 119–142. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2007.00293.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd, K., Mikkelson, A. C., Tafoya, M. A., Farinelli, L., La Valley, A. G., Judd, J., …Wilson, J. (2007a). Human affection exchange: XII. Affectionate communication accelerates neuroendocrine stress recovery. Health Communication, 22, 123–132. doi:10.1080/1041023070145015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd, K., Mikkelson, A. C., Tafoya, M. A., Farinelli, L., La Valley, A. G., Judd, J., …Wilson, J. (2007b). Human affection exchange: XIV. Relational affection predicts resting heart rate and free cortisol secretion during acute stress. Behavioral Medicine, 32, 151–156. doi:10.3200/BMED.32.4.151-156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (1997). Affectionate communication in nonromantic relationships: Influences of communicator, relational, and contextual factors. Western Journal of Communication, 61, 279–298. doi:10.1080/10570319709374578
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (1998). The measurement of affectionate communication. Communication Quarterly, 46, 144–162. doi:10.1080/01463379809370092
   Google Scholar
• Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (2000a). Affection received from fathers as a predictor of men’s affection with their own sons: Tests of the modeling and compensation hypotheses. Communication Monographs, 67, 347–361. doi:10.1080/03637750009376516
   Google Scholar
• Floyd, K., & Morman, M. T. (2000b). Reacting to the verbal expression of affection in same-sex interaction. Southern Communication Journal, 65, 287–299. doi:10.1080/10417940009373177
   Google Scholar
• Floyd, K., Pauley, P. M., & Hesse, C. (2010). State and trait affectionate communication buffer adults’ stress reactions. Communication Monographs, 77, 618–636. doi:10.1080/03637751.2010.498792
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd, K., & Riforgiate, S. (2008). Affectionate communication received from spouses predicts stress hormone levels in healthy adults. Communication Monographs, 75, 351–368. doi:10.1080/03637750802512371
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd, K., & Voloudakis, M. (1999). Affectionate behavior in adult platonic friendships interpreting and evaluating expectancy violations. Human Communication Research, 25, 341–369. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1999.tb00449.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd, N. S., Price, J. L., Ferry, A. T., Keay, K. A., & Bandler, R. (2000). Orbitomedial prefrontal cortical projections to distinct longitudinal columns of the periaqueductal gray in the rat. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 422, 556–578. doi:10.1002/1096-9861(20000710)422:4<556::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-U
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grewen, K. M., Anderson, B. J., Girdler, S. S., & Light, K. C. (2003). Warm partner contact is related to lower cardiovascular reactivity. Behavioral Medicine, 29, 123–130. doi:10.1080/08964280309596065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, N. K., Mueller, W. H., Chan, W., & Meininger, J. C. (2002). Is obesity associated with poor sleep quality in adolescents? American Journal of Human Biology, 14, 762–768. doi:10.1002/ajhb.10093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, Å. M., Hogh, A., Persson, R., Karlson, B., Garde, A. H., & Ørbæk, P. (2006). Bullying at work, health outcomes, and physiological stress response. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 60, 63–72. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.06.078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hays, R. D., Sherbourne, C. D., & Mazel, R. (1995). User’s manual for the medical outcomes study (MOS) core measures of health-related quality of life. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Herman, B. H., & Panksepp, J. (1978). Effects of morphine and naloxone on separation distress and approach attachment: Evidence for opiate mediation of social affect. Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior, 9, 213–220. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(78)90167-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesse, C., & Floyd, K. (2008). Affectionate experience mediates the effects of alexithymia on mental health and interpersonal relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25, 793–810. doi:10.1177/0265407508096696
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hitlan, R. T., Cliffton, R. J., & DeSoto, M. C. (2006). Perceived exclusion in the workplace: The moderating effects of gender on work-related attitudes and psychological health. North American Journal of Psychology, 8(2), 217–236.
   Google Scholar
• Jaremka, L. M., Fagundes, C. P., Glaser, R., Bennett, J. M., Malarkey, W. B., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2013). Loneliness predicts pain, depression, and fatigue: Understanding the role of immune dysregulation. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38, 1310–1317. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.11.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javaheri, S., Storfer-Isser, A., Rosen, C. L., & Redline, S. (2008). Sleep quality and elevated blood pressure in adolescents. Pediatric Cardiology, 118, 1034–1040. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.799410
   Google Scholar
• Kimbrell, T. A., George, M. S., Parekh, P. I., Ketter, T. A., Podell, D. M., Danielson, A. L., & Post, R. M. (1999). Regional brain activity during transient self-induced anxiety and anger in healthy adults. Biological Psychiatry, 46, 454–465. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00103-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, A. C., Oman, R. F., Brassington, G. S., Bliwise, D. L., & Haskell, W. L. (1997). Moderate-intensity exercise and self-rated quality of sleep in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 277, 32–37. doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540250040029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kross, E., Berman, M. G., Mischel, W., Smith, E. E., & Wager, T. D. (2011). Social rejection shares somatosensory representations with physical pain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 6270–6275. doi:10.1073/pnas.1102693108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurina, L. M., Knutson, K. L., Hawkley, L. C., Cacioppo, J. T., Lauderdale, D. S., & Ober, C. (2011). Loneliness is associated with sleep fragmentation in a communal society. Sleep, 34, 1519–1526. doi:10.5665/sleep.1390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litzinger, S., & Gordon, K. C. (2005). Exploring relationships among communication, sexual satisfaction, and marital satisfaction. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 31, 409–424. doi:10.1080/00926230591006719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald, G., & Jensen-Campbell, L. A. (Eds.). (2011). Social pain: Neuropsychological and health implications of loss and exclusion. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 10.1037/12351-000
   Google Scholar
• MacDonald, G., & Leary, M. R. (2005). Why does social exclusion hurt?: The relationship between social and physical pain. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 202–223. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.2.202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahon, N. E. (1994). Loneliness and sleep during adolescence. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78, 227–231. doi:10.2466/pms.1994.78.1.227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masten, C. L., Morelli, S. A., & Eisenberger, N. I. (2011). An fMRI investigation of empathy for “social pain” and subsequent prosocial behavior. NeuroImage, 55, 381–388. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morman, M. T., & Floyd, K. (1999). Affectionate communication between fathers and young adult sons: Individual-and relational-level correlates. Communication Studies, 50, 294–309. doi:10.1080/10510979909388501
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, E. E., & Panksepp, J. (1998). Brain substrates of infant-mother attachment: Contributions of opioids, oxytocin, and norepinephrine. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 22, 437–452. doi:10.1016/S0149-7634(97)00052-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niedhammer, I., David, S., Degioanni, S., Drummond, A., & Philip, P. (2009). Workplace bullying and sleep disturbances: Findings from a large scale cross-sectional survey in the French working population. Sleep, 32(9), 1211–1219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver, J. M., Raftery, M., Reeb, A., & Delaney, P. (1993). Perceptions of parent-offspring relationships as functions of depression in offspring: “Affectionless control,” “negative bias,” and “depressive realism.” Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 8(3), 405–424.
   Google Scholar
• Owen, W. F. (1987). The verbal expression of love by women and men as a critical communication event in personal relationships. Women’s Studies in Communication, 10(1), 15–24. doi:10.1080/07491409.1987.11089701
   Google Scholar
• Panksepp, J. (2003, October). Feeling the pain of social loss. Science, 302, 237–239. doi:10.1126/science.1091062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panksepp, J., Herman, B. H., Conner, R., Bishop, P., & Scott, J. P. (1978). The biology of social attachments: Opiates alleviate separation distress. Biological Psychiatry, 13(5), 607–618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panksepp, J., Vilberg, T., Bean, N. J., Coy, D. H., & Kastin, A. J. (1978). Reduction of distress vocalization in chicks by opiate-like peptides. Brain Research Bulletin, 3, 663–667. doi:10.1016/0361-9230(78)90014-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paolacci, G., Chandler, J., & Ipeirotis, P. G. (2010). Running experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Judgment and Decision Making, 5(5), 411–419.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patten, C. A., Choi, W. S., Gillin, J. C., & Pierce, J. P. (2000). Depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking predict development and persistence of sleep problems in US adolescents. Pediatrics, 106, e23–e31. doi:10.1542/peds.106.2.e23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettit, J. D., Goris, J. R., & Vaught, B. C. (1997). An examination of organizational communication as a moderator of the relationship between job performance and job satisfaction. International Journal of Business Communication, 34, 81–98. doi:10.1177/002194369703400105
   Google Scholar
• Peyron, R., Laurent, B., & García-Larrea, L. (2000). Appréciation par l’imagerie fonctionnelle des réponses cérébrales à la douleur: Revue et méta-analyse [Functional imaging of brain responses to pain: A review and meta-analysis]. Neurophysiologie Clinique, 30, 263–288. doi:10.1016/S0987-7053(00)00227-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotter, J. B., Chance, J. E., & Phares, E. J. (1972). Applications of a social learning theory of personality. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
   Google Scholar
• Schutz, W. (1958). FIRO: A three-dimensional theory of interpersonal behavior. New York, NY: Rinehart.
   Google Scholar
• Schutz, W. (1966). The interpersonal underworld. Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books.
   Google Scholar
• Singleton, R. A., & Wolfson, A. R. (2009). Alcohol consumption, sleep, and academic performance among college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 70(3), 355–363. doi:10.15288/jsad.2009.70.355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smart Richman, L., & Leary, M. R. (2009). Reactions to discrimination, stigmatization, ostracism, and other forms of interpersonal rejection: A multimotive model. Psychological Review, 116, 365–383. doi:10.1037/a0015250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiegel, K., Leproult, R., & Van Cauter, E. (1999). Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. The Lancet, 354, 1435–1439. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01376-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steptoe, A., Owen, N., Kunz-Ebrecht, S. R., & Brydon, L. (2004). Loneliness and neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and inflammatory stress responses in middle-aged men and women. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29, 593–611. doi:10.1016/S0306-4530(03)00086-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steward, A. L., & Lupfer, M. (1987). Touching as teaching: The effect of touch on students’ perceptions and performance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 17, 800–809. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1987.tb00340.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomsen, D. K., Mehlsen, M. Y., Christensen, S., & Zachariae, R. (2003). Rumination—Relationship with negative mood and sleep quality. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1293–1301. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00120-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornhill, R., & Thornhill, N. W. (1989). The evolution of psychological pain. In R. Bell (Ed.), Sociobiology and the social sciences (pp. 73–103). Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vangelisti, A. L., Pennebaker, J. W., Brody, N., & Guinn, T. D. (2014). Reducing social pain: Sex differences in the impact of physical pain relievers. Personal Relationships, 21, 349–363. doi:10.1111/pere.12036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, K. D. (2007). Ostracism. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 425–452. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar