Predicting Activism for a Social Cause

References

• Agans, R. P., Liu, G., Jones, M., Verjan, C., Silverbush, M., & Kalsbeek, W. D. (2011). Public attitudes toward the homeless. Paper presented at the American Association for Public Opinion Research, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds.), Action control: From cognition to behavior (pp. 11–39). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, R., Brick, J. M., Bates, N. A., Battaglia, M., Couper, M. P., Dever, J. A., … Tourangeau, R. (2013). Report of the AAPOR task force on non-probablity sampling. Retrieved from https://www.aapor.org/AAPOR_Main/media/MainSiteFiles/NPS_TF_Report_Final_7_revised_FNL_6_22_13.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Barnett, M. A., Quackenbush, S. W., & Pierce, L. K. (1997). Perceptions of and reactions to the homeless: A survey of fourth-grade, high school, and college students in a small Midwestern community. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless, 6, 283–302. doi:10.1007/BF02938597
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, W. (2003). Communicating global activism. Information, Communication & Society, 6, 143–168. doi:10.1080/1369118032000093860a
   Google Scholar
• Bogue, D. J. (1963). Skid row in American cities. Chicago, IL: Community and Family Study Center, University of Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• Boster, F. J., Liu, R. W., Poorisat, T., Cheng, Y., Kim, W., Salmon-Seidmann, N. D., & Salmon, C. T. (2016). Communicating to influence perceptions of social stigma: Implications for the use of signs by the homeless as a means of soliciting funds. American Behavioral Scientist, 60, 1293–1305. doi:10.1177/0002764216657379
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, H. S. (2011). Political activities on the Internet: Slacktivism or political participation by other means? First Monday, 16. doi:10.5210/fm.v16i2.3336
   Google Scholar
• Diani, M. (2000). Social movement networks virtual and real. Information, Communication & Society, 3, 386–401. doi:10.1080/13691180051033333
   Google Scholar
• Frey, L. R., & Carragee, K. M. (2007). Communication activism (Vol. 1). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ekman, J., & Amnå, E. (2012). Political participation and civic engagement: Towards a new typology. Human Affairs, 22, 283–300. doi:10.2478/s13374-012-0024-1
   Google Scholar
• Gallup. (2015). Most important problem. Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/1675/most-important-problem.aspx?version=print
   Google Scholar
• Guttman, L. (1955). A generalized simplex for factor analysis. Psychometrika, 20, 173–192. doi:10.1007/BF02289015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harlow, S., & Harp, D. (2012). Collective action on the web: A cross-cultural study of social networking sites and online and offline activism in the United States and Latin America. Information, Communication & Society, 15, 196–216. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2011.591411
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hensby, A. (2014). Networks, counter-networks and political socialisation – Paths and barriers to high-cost/risk activism in the 2010/11 student protests against fees and cuts. Contemporary Social Science, 9, 92–105. doi:10.1080/21582041.2013.851409
   Google Scholar
• Hunter, J. E., & Boster, F. J. (1987). A model of compliance-gaining message selection. Communication Monographs, 54, 63–84. doi:10.1080/03637758709390216
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter, J. E., & Gerbing, D. W. (1982). Unidimensional measurement, second-order factor analysis and causal models. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 4, pp. 267–320). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ingram, D. D., & Franco, S. J. (2014). 2013 NCHS urban–Rural classification scheme for counties (Vol. 2). Hyattsville, MD: National for Health Center Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Jefferson, A. (2017, February 28). Homelessness activists defend campaign to trash Melbourne streets. Herald Sun. Retrieved from http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/homelessness-activists-defend-campaign-to-trash-melbourne-streets/news-story/b7cb1f8fd2b69f6f3957926376e5d6b3
   Google Scholar
• Keck, M. E., & Sikkink, K. (1998). Activists beyond borders: Advocacy networks in international politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kelley, H. H., & Michela, J. L. (1980). Attribution theory and research. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 457–501. doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.31.020180.002325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S.-H., Carvalho, J. P., & Davis, A. C. (2010). Talking about poverty: News framing of who is responsible for causing and fixing the problem. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 87, 563–581. doi:10.1177/107769901008700308
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, B. A., Jones, S. H., & Lewis, D. W. (1990). Public beliefs about the causes of homelessness. Social Forces, 69, 253–265. doi:10.1093/sf/69.1.253
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, B. A., Lewis, D. W., & Jones, S. H. (1992). Are the homeless to blame? Sociological Quarterly, 33, 535–552. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1992.tb00142.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levinson, B. M. (1965). The homeless man. Psychological Reports, 17, 391–394. doi:10.2466/pr0.1965.17.2.391
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Main, T. (1998). How to think about homelessness: Balancing structural and individual causes. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless, 7, 41–54. doi:10.1023/A:1022966631533
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdam, D. (1986). Recruitment to high-risk activism: The case of freedom summer. American Journal of Sociology, 92, 64–90. doi:10.1086/228463
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKay, T. (2014). In 33 U.S. cities, it’s illegal to do the one thing that helps the homeless most. Retrieved from https://mic.com/articles/91055/in-33-u-s-cities-it-s-illegal-to-do-the-one-thing-that-helps-the-homeless-most#.piCtF4p0V
   Google Scholar
• McNulty, B. R. (1992). Homeless and hopeless: Resignation in news media constructions of homelessness as a social problem ( Doctoral dissertation). University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania. Retrieved from http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations_asc/7/
   Google Scholar
• Menec, V. H., & Perry, R. P. (1998). Reactions to stigmas among Canadian students: Testing an attribution-affect-help judgment model. The Journal of Social Psychology, 138, 443–453. doi:10.1080/00224549809600399
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, J. P., & Mulherin, A. (1980). From attribution to helping: An analysis of the mediating effects of affect and expectancy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 201–210. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.2.201
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michigan State Housing Development Authority. (2014). The campaign to end homelessness: The state of homelessness in Michigan. Retrieved from http://thecampaigntoendhomelessness.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=C3RIU3wuQUo%3D&tabid=40
   Google Scholar
• Miller, J. M., & Krosnick, J. A. (2004). Threat as a motivator of political activism: A field experiment. Political Psychology, 25, 507–523. doi:10.1111/pops.2004.25.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, M. M., Goddard, W., & Newton Givens, S. (1997). Factors that influence willingness to help the homeless. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless, 6, 45–56. doi:10.1023/B:JOSD.0000015188.20794.d5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nation of Change. (2014). Utah is ending homelessness by giving people homes. Retrieved from http://www.nationofchange.org/utah-ending-homelessness-giving-people-homes-1390056183
   Google Scholar
• National Alliance to End Homelessness, & Homelessness Research Institute. (2015). The state of homelessness in America. Retrieved from http://www.endhomelessness.org/page/-/files/State_of_Homelessness_2015_FINAL_online.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Nickerson, R. S. (1998). Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology, 2, 175. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175
   Google Scholar
• Norris, P. (2002). Democratic phoenix: Reinventing political activism. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Notani, A. S. (1998). Moderators of perceived behavioral control’s predictiveness in the theory of planned behavior: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 7, 247–271. doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp0703_02
   Google Scholar
• Pellegrini, R. J., Queirolo, S. S., Monarrez, V. E., & Valenzuela, D. M. (1997). Political identification and perceptions of homelessness: Attributed causality and attitudes on public policy. Psychological Reports, 80, 1139–1148. doi:10.2466/pr0.1997.80.3c.1139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, J. C., Antony, M. G., & Thomas, R. J. (2012). “This right here is all about living”: Communicating the “common sense” about home stability through CBPR and photovoice. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 40, 247–270. doi:10.1080/00909882.2012.693941
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977). The “false consensus effect”: An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 279–301. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(77)90049-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi, P. H., & Wright, J. D. (1989). The urban homeless: A portrait of urban dislocation. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 501, 132–142. doi:10.1177/0002716289501001009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salmon, C. T., Fernandez, L., & Post, L. A. (2010). Mobilizing public will across borders: Roles and functions of communication processes and technologies. Journal of Borderlands Studies, 25, 159–170. doi:10.1080/08865655.2010.9695778
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt, G., & Weiner, B. (1988). An attribution-affect-action theory of behavior: Replications of judgments of help-giving. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, 610–621. doi:10.1177/0146167288143021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serrano, A. (2013). I started buying the signs that homeless use to beg. Here’s what happened. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/18/andres-serrano-signs-of-the-times-homeless
   Google Scholar
• Sharrock, R., Day, A., Qazi, F., & Brewin, C. R. (1990). Explanations by professional care staff, optimism and helping behaviour: An application of attribution theory. Psychological Medicine, 20, 849–855. doi:10.1017/S0033291700036540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tompsett, C., Toro, P., Guzicki, M., Manrique, M., & Zatakia, J. (2006). Homelessness in the United States: Assessing changes in prevalence and public opinion, 1993–2001. American Journal of Community Psychology, 37, 47–61. doi:10.1007/s10464-005-9007-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tompsett, C. J., Toro, P. A., Guzicki, M., Schlienz, N., Blume, M., & Lombardo, S. (2003). Homelessness in the US and Germany: A cross-national analysis. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 13, 240–257. doi:10.1002/casp.724
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toro, P. A., Tompsett, C. J., Lombardo, S., Philippot, P., Nachtergael, H., Galand, B., … Blume, M. (2007). Homelessness in Europe and the United States: A comparison of prevalence and public opinion. Journal of Social Issues, 63, 505–524. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00521.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Zomeren, M., Postmes, T., & Spears, R. (2008). Toward an integrative social identity model of collective action: A quantitative research synthesis of three socio-psychological perspectives. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 504. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.4.504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner, B. (1980). A cognitive (attribution)-emotion-action model of motivated behavior: An analysis of judgments of help-giving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 186. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.82.6.387
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92, 548. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.92.4.548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner, B. (1993). On sin versus sickness: A theory of perceived responsibility and social motivation. American Psychologist, 48, 957. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.48.9.957
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, S. E. (1993). Blaming the victim, blaming society of blaming the discipline: Fixing responsibility for poverty and homelessness. Sociological Quarterly, 34, 1–16. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1993.tb00127.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zucker, G. S., & Weiner, B. (1993). Conservatism and perceptions of poverty: An attributional analysis. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 925–943. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01014.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar