Check Crisis Information on Twitter: Information Flow and Crisis Communication Patterns of Hurricane Ida

References

• Arora, S. (2021). Post-disaster communities on social media: Citizen participation in crisis communication after the Nepal earthquake, 2015. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 50(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2021.1964572
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin, L., Liu, B. F., & Jin, Y. (2012). How audiences seek out crisis information: Exploring the social-mediated crisis communication model. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 40(2), 188–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2012.654498
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakshy, E., Hofman, J. M., Mason, W. A., & Watts, D. J. (2011). Everyone’s an influencer: Quantifying influence on Twitter categories and subject descriptors. Proceedings of the Fourth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (pp. 65–74). https://doi.org/10.1145/1935826.1935845
   Google Scholar
• Ball-Rokeach, S. J., & DeFleur, M. L. (1976). A dependency model of mass-media effects. Communication Research, 3(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365027600300101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bengtsson, M. (2016). How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. NursingPlus Open, 2, 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npls.2016.01.001
   Google Scholar
• Berger, C. R. (1987). Communicating under uncertainty. In M. E. Roloff & G. R. Miller (Eds.), Interpersonal processes: New directions in communication research (pp. 39–62). Sage Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Beven, J., II, Hagen, A., & Berg, R. (April2, 2022). National Hurricane Center Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Ida (AL092021). Retrieved from https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL092021_Ida.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Borgatti, S. P., Everett, M. G., & Johnson, J. C. (2018). Analyzing social networks (2nd ed.). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Bracken, C. C., Jeffres, L. W., Neuendorf, K. A., Kopfman, J., & Moulla, F. (2005). How cosmopolites react to messages: America under attack. Communication Research Reports, 22(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/0882409052000343516
   Google Scholar
• Brashers, D. E., Neidig, J. L., Haas, S. M., Dobbs, L. K., Cardillo, L. W., & Russell, J. A. (2000). Communication in the management of uncertainty: The case of persons living with HIV or AIDS. Communication Monographs, 67(1), 63–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750009376495
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brass, D. J. (1984). Being in the right place: A structural analysis of individual influence in an organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29(4), 518–539. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392937
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenan, M. (2021 October7). Americans’ trust in media dips to second lowest on record. Gallup. Available at https://news.gallup.com/poll/355526/americans-trust-media-dips-second-lowest-record.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Burke, J. A., Spence, P. R., & Lachlan, K. A. (2010). Revisiting the Gulf Coast: Hurricane Ike and issues of crisis communication. International Journal of the Humanities, 8(4), 203–213. https://doi.org/10.18848/1447-9508/cgp/v08i04/42897
   Google Scholar
• Dunwoody, S., & Griffin, R. J. (2014). The role of channel beliefs in risk information seeking. In J. Arvai & L. Rivers (Eds.), Effective risk communication (pp. 220–233). Taylor & Francis (Routledge). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203109861-21
   Google Scholar
• Edelman Trust Barometer. (2023). 2023 Edelman trust barometer global report. Retrieved from https://www.edelman.com/sites/g/files/aatuss191/files/2023-02/2023%20Edelman%20Trust%20Barometer%20Global%20Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Fraustino, J. D., & Liu, B. F. (2017). Toward more audience-oriented approaches to crisis communication and social media research. In Y. Jin & L. A. Lucinda (Eds.), Social media and crisis communication (pp. 129–140). New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Freeman, L. C. (1979). Centrality in social networks: Conceptual clarification. Social Networks, 1(3), 215–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8733(78)90021-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallo, A., Woodruff, E., Gyan, J., & Derobertis, J. (2021 , September2). At remote Louisiana warehouse, nursing home evacuees lay in waste, calling out for help. NOLA News. https://www.nola.com/news/healthcare_hospitals/article_59e2653e-0c3f-11ec-a7ac-0b32bfd4e97d.html
   Google Scholar
• Grant, A. E., Guthrie, K. K., & Ball-Rokeach, S. J. (1991). Television shopping: A media system dependency perspective. Communication Research, 18(6), 773–798. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365091018006004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guberman, J., Schmitz, C., & Hemphill, L. (2016). Quantifying toxicity and verbal violence on Twitter. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing Companion (pp. 277–280). https://doi.org/10.1145/2818052.2869107
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, D. L., Schneiderman, B., Smith, M., & Himelboim, I. (2020). Analyzing social media networks with NodeXL: Insights from a connected world. Morgan Kauffman.
   Google Scholar
• Hao-Che, W., Lindell, M. K., & Prater, C. S. (2012). Logistics of hurricane evacuation in Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 15(4), 445–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2012.03.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin, X. (2020). Exploring crisis communication and information dissemination on social media: Social network analysis of Hurricane Irma tweets. Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research, 3(2), 179–210. https://doi.org/10.30658/jicrcr.3.2.3
   Google Scholar
• Jin, X., & Lane, D. R. (2022). To know or not to know? Exploring COVID-19 information seeking with the risk information seeking and processing model. Journal of Information Science, 016555152211253. https://doi.org/10.1177/01655515221125325
   Google Scholar
• Jin, Y., Liu, B. F., & Austin, L. L. (2014). Examining the role of social media in effective crisis management: The effects of crisis origin, information form, and source on publics’ crisis responses. Communication Research, 41(1), 74–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650211423918
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin, X., & Spence, P. R. (2021). Understanding crisis communication on social media with CERC: Topic model analysis of tweets about Hurricane Maria. Journal of Risk Research, 24(10), 1266–1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1848901
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz, E., & Lazarsfeld, P. F. (1955). Personal influence: The part played by people in the flow of mass communications. The Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lachlan, K. A., Gilbert, C., Hutter, E., Rainear, A., & Spence, P. R. (2021). Ready in the face of danger? Investigating preparation, mitigation, and media dependencies amongst those affected by the 2018 California Wildfires. Journal of Emergency Management, 19(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.0507
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lachlan, K. A., Gilbert, C., Spence, P. R., & Hutter, E. (2021). Frozen while I scan: Examining the impact of media dependencies, socioeconomic status and rumination on preparation behaviours related to Hurricane Dorian. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 29(4), 357–367. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12362
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lachlan, K. A., Spence, P. R., Lin, X., & Del Greco, M. (2014). Screaming into the wind: Examining the volume and content of tweets associated with Hurricane Sandy. Communication Studies, 65(5), 500–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2014.956941
   Google Scholar
• Lachlan, K. A., Spence, P. R., Lin, X., Najarian, K. M., & Del Greco, M. (2014). Twitter use during a weather event: Comparing content associated with localized and nonlocalized hashtags. Communication Studies, 65(5), 519–534. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2014.956940
   Google Scholar
• Lachlan, K. A., Spence, P. R., Lin, X., Najarian, K., & Del Greco, M. (2016). Social media and crisis management: CERC, search strategies, and Twitter content. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 647–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lachlan, K. A., Spence, P. R., & Seeger, M. (2009). Terrorist attacks and uncertainty reduction: Media use after September 11. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 1(2), 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/19434470902771683
   Google Scholar
• Lazo, J. K., & Peacock, W. G. (2007). Social science research needs for the hurricane forecast and warning system: An introduction. Natural Hazards Review, 8(3), 43–44. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1527-6988(2007)8:3(43)
   Google Scholar
• Lin, X., Lachlan, K. A., & Spence, P. R. (2016). Exploring extreme events on social media: A comparison of user reposting/retweeting behaviors on Twitter and Weibo. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, 576–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, X., Spence, P. R., Sellnow, T. L., & Lachlan, K. A. (2016). Crisis communication, learning and responding: Best practices in social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, 601–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, B. F., Austin, L., & Jin, Y. (2011). How publics respond to crisis communication strategies: The interplay of information form and source. Public Relations Review, 37(4), 345–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2011.08.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medina, E., & Levenson, M. (2021 , September1). He confronted a reporter live on the Air. Now he’s in custody. The New York Times. https://trib.al/fAJgLjY
   Google Scholar
• Miller, A. M. (2021 , September2). Mark Meadows blasts Biden’s promise to Hurricane Ida survivors after Afghanistan withdrawal. Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/politics/mark-meadows-blasts-bidens-promise-to-hurricane-ida-survivors-after-afghanistan-withdrawal
   Google Scholar
• Morris, M. R., Teevan, J., & Panovich, K. (2010). A comparison of information seeking using search engines and social media. Proceedings of the 4th International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, Washington, DC (pp. 291–294). Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence.
   Google Scholar
• Murch, A. W. (1971). Public concern for environmental pollution. Public Opinion Quarterly, 35(1), 100–106. https://doi.org/10.1086/267870
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connell, E. (2022). Navigating the internet’s information cesspool, fake news and what to do about it. University of the Pacific Law Review, 53(2), 251. Available at. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uoplawreview/vol53/iss2/5
   Google Scholar
• Okada, A., Yu, I., & Naoto, Y. (2018). In prosperity prepare for adversity: Use of social media for nonprofit fundraising in times of disaster. In Innovative perspectives on public administration in the digital age (pp. 42–64). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5966-5.ch003
   Google Scholar
• Osborne, M., Mansell, W., Sanchez, R., Lenthang, M., & Deliso, M. (2021 , September4). Ida updates: Over 50 dead in Northeast after flooding as death toll continues to rise. ABC News. https://trib.al/eiHutYu
   Google Scholar
• Perry, S. D. (2007). Tsunami warning dissemination in Mauritius. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 35(4), 399–417. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909880701611060
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrun Sayers, E. L., Parker, A. M., Seelam, R., & Finucane, M. L. (2021). How disasters drive media channel preferences: Tracing news consumption before, during, and after hurricane Harvey. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 29(4), 342–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12348
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadri, A. M., Hasan, S., Ukkusuri, S. V., & Cebrián, M. (2017). Understanding information spreading in social media during Hurricane Sandy: User activity and network properties. CoRR, abs/1706.03019. https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1706/1706.03019.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Sin, S. -C.J., & Kim, K. -S. (2013). International students' everyday life information seeking: The informational value of social networking sites. Library & Information Science Research, 35(2), 107–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2012.11.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, M., Ceni, A., Milic-Frayling, N., Shneiderman, B., Mendes Rodrigues, E., Leskovec, J., & Dunne, C. (2010). NodeXL: A free and open network overview, discovery and exploration add-in for Excel 2007/2010/2013/2016. https://www.smrfoundation.org
   Google Scholar
• Sommerfeldt, E. J. (2015). Disasters and information source repertoires: Information seeking and information sufficiency in postearthquake Haiti. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 43(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2014.982682
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spence, P. R., & Lachlan, K. A. (2010). Disasters, Crises, and unique populations: Suggestions for survey research. New Directions for Evaluation, 126(126), 95–106. https://doi.org/10.1002/ev.332
   Google Scholar
• Spence, P. R., Lachlan, K. A., & Burke, J. M. (2008). Crisis preparation, media use, and information seeking: Patterns across Katrina evacuees and lessons learned for crisis communication. Journal of Emergency Management, 6, 11–23. https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.2008.0009
   Google Scholar
• Spence, P. R., Lachlan, K. A., & Burke, J. A. (2011). Differences in crisis knowledge across age, race, and socioeconomic status during Hurricane Ike: A field test and extension of the knowledge gap hypothesis. Communication Theory, 21(3), 261–278. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2011.01385.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spence, P. R., Lachlan, K. A., & Griffin, D. (2007). Crisis communication, Race and natural disasters. Journal of Black Studies, 37(4), 539–554. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934706296192
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spence, P. R., Lachlan, K. A., McIntyre, J. J., & Seeger, M. (2009). Serving the public interest in a crisis: Radio and its unique role. Journal of Radio & Audio Media, 16(2), 144–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/19376520903277005
   Google Scholar
• Spence, P. R., Lachlan, K. A., & Rainear, A. M. (2016). Social media and crisis research: Data collection and directions. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 667–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spence, P. R., Westerman, D., Skalski, P. D., Seeger, M., Sellnow, T. L., & Ulmer, R. R. (2006). Gender and age effects on information-seeking after 9/11. Communication Research Reports, 23(3), 217–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824090600796435
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, M. C., & Gail Wilson, B. (2016). The dynamic role of social media during Hurricane Sandy: An introduction of the STREMII model to weather the storm of the crisis lifecycle. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 639–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Subbian, K., & Melville, P. (2011). Supervised rank aggregation for predicting influencers in Twitter. Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Third International Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk, and Trust (PASSAT) (pp. 661–665). https://doi.org/10.1109/passat/socialcom.2011.167
   Google Scholar
• Suh, B., Hong, L., Pirolli, P., & Chi, E. H. (2010). Want to be retweeted?: Large scale analytics on factors impacting retweet in Twitter network. IEEE Intl Conference on Social Computing, 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1109/socialcom.2010.33
   Google Scholar
• Twenge, J. M., Martin, G. N., & Spitzberg, B. H. (2019). Trends in U.S. adolescents’ media use, 1976–2016: The rise of digital media, the decline of TV, and the (near) demise of print. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(4), 329–345. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valente, T. W. (2010). Social networks and health: Models, methods, and applications. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Van Aelst, P., Toth, F., Castro, L., Štětka, V., Vreese, C. D., Aalberg, T., Cardenal, A. S., Corbu, N., Esser, F., Hopmann, D. N., Koc-Michalska, K., Matthes, J., Schemer, C., Sheafer, T., Splendore, S., Stanyer, J., Stępińska, A., Strömbäck, J., & Theocharis, Y. (2021). Does a crisis change news habits? A comparative study of the effects of COVID-19 on news media use in 17 European countries. Digital Journalism, 9(9), 1208–1238. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.1943481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, M., & Masta, K. E. (2021). News consumption across social media in 2021. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2021/09/20/news-consumption-across-social-media-in-2021/
   Google Scholar
• Westerman, D., Spence, P. R., & Lachlan, K. A. (2009). Telepresence and the exemplification effects of disaster news. Communication Studies, 60(5), 542–557. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510970903260376
   Google Scholar
• The White House Briefing Room. (2021). Remarks by President Biden on Hurricane Ida response efforts. Available at https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/09/02/remarks-by-president-biden-on-hurricane-ida-response-efforts/
   Google Scholar
• Zaveri, M., Haag, M., Playford, A., & Schweber, N. (2021 , September2). How the storm turned basement apartments into death traps. New York Times. Retrieved from https://trib.al/B9RhWwd
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., & Zhu, R. (2022). How source-level and message-level factors influence journalists’ social media visibility during a public health crisis. Journalism, 23(12), 2627–2645. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849211023153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar