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Central States Speech Journal Volume 4, 1953 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Research pertaining to the singing voice 1925‐50

Charles L. Hutton Jr. Speech Research Assistant at the University of Illinois
&
Joe M. Ball Assistant Professor of Speech, University of Pittsburgh
Pages 19-30 | Published online: 22 May 2009

IV. Bibliography

Breathing

  • Bloomer , H. H. 1936 . “A Roentgenographic Study of the Mechanics of Respiration,” . Speech Monogr. , 3 : 118 – 124 .
  • ____ and Shohara , H. H. 1941 . “The Study of Respiratory Movements by Roentgen Kymography,” . Speech Monogr. , 8 : 9 – 101 .
  • Fields , V. A. 1947 . Training the Singing Voice , N. Y. : King's Crown Press .
  • Gray , G. W. 1936 . “Regional Predominance in Respiration in Relation to Certain Aspect of Voice,” . La. Univ. Studies , 27 : 59 – 78 .
  • Gross , D. 1943 . “Investigations Concerning Vital Capacity,” . Amer. Heart J. , 25 : 335 – 343 .
  • Huyck , E. M. and Allen , K. D. A. 1937 . “Diaphragmatic Action of Good and Poor Speaking Voices,” . Speech Monogr. , 4 : 101 – 109 .
  • Hutton , C. L. Jr. 1951 . “A Survey of the Research Pertaining to the Singing Voice, 1925‐1950,” . University of Pittsburgh . M. A. Thesis
  • Idol , H. R. 1936 . “A Statistical Study of Respiration in Relating to Speech Characteristics,” . La. Univ. Studies , 27 : 79 – 98 .
  • Josephson , E. M. and Willens , M. K. 1930 . “Physiology of the Singing Voice with Special Reference to the Relation of Respiration and Muscular Physiology,” . Arch. Otolaryng , 11 : 696 – 700 .
  • Lindsley , C. F. 1929 . “An Objective Study of the Respiratory Processes Accompanying Speech,” . Quart. J. Speech , 15 : 42 – 58 .
  • Sallee , W. H. 1936 . “An Objective Study of Respiration in Relation to Audibility in Connected Speech,” . La. Univ. Studies , 27 : 52 – 58 .
  • Scott , W. G. and Moore , S. 1937 . “Roentgen Kymography of the Respiratory Movements of the Thorax, Diaphragm, Lungs, Bronchi, and Mediastinal Structures,” . Amer. J. Roentgenol. , 37 : 721 – 732 .
  • Sherrod , V. and Keller , F. 1927 . “New Apparatus for the Study of Breath Control,” . Quart. J. Speech Ed. , 13 : 135 – 140 .
  • Stanley , D. , Stanley , A. and Watkins , S. A. 1939 . The Science of Voice , Third Ed. , N. Y. : Carl Fischer .
  • Stetson , R. H. 1931 . “The Breathing Movements in Singing,” . Arch. neerl. Phon. exp. , 6 : 115 – 164 .
  • _____ . 1928 . “Motor Phonetics: A Study of Speech Movements in Action,” . Arch. need. Phon. exp. , 3 : 1 – 216 .
  • _____ and Hudgins , C. V. 1930 . “Functions of the Breathing Movements in the Mechanism of Speech,” . Arch. need. Phon. exp. , 5 : 1 – 30 .
  • Wiksell , W. A. 1936 . “Experimental Analysis of Respiration in Relation to the Intensity of Vocal Tones in Speech,” . La. Univ. Studies , 27 : 37 – 51 .
  • _____ . 1936 . “An Experimental Study of Controlled and Uncontrolled Types of Breathing,” . La. Univ. Studies , 27 : 99 – 164 .

Infraglottal Resonance

  • Carhart , R. T. 1938 . “Infra‐glottal Resonance and a Cushion Pipe,” . Speech Monogr. , 5 : 65 – 96 .
  • Cotton , J. C. 1934 . “Resonance in Soft‐Walled Cylinders,” . J. acoust. Soc. Amer. , 5 : 208 – 212 .
  • _____ . 1940 . “A Study of Certain Phoniatric Resonance Phenomena,” . J. Speech Dis. , 5 : 289 – 293 .
  • Curry , R. 1940 . The Mechanism of the Human Voice , N. Y. : Longmans, Green and Co. .
  • Eijkman , L. P. H. and Wiersma , G. A. G. 1935 . “The Influence of the Sub‐glottal Passage and the Nasal Cavity on Non‐Nasal Speech Sounds,” . Arch. need. Phon. exp. , 11 : 29 – 38 .
  • Jackson , C. 1940 . “Myasthenia Laryngis: Observations on the Larynx as an Air Column Instrument,” . Arch. Otolaryng. , 32 : 434 – 463 .
  • Lindsley , C. F. 1934 . “The Psycho‐Physical Determinants of Voice Quality,” . Speech Monogr. , 1 : 79 – 116 .
  • Metzger , W. 1928 . “How Do The Vocal Cords Vibrate?” . Quart. J. Speech , 14 : 29 – 39 .
  • Mitchinson , A. G. H. and Yoffey , H. M. 1948 . “Changes in the Vocal Folds in Humming and High Notes; A Radiographic Study,” . J. Anat. , 82 : 88 – 92 .
  • Mudd , C. 1949 . “The Effect of Chest Resonance Upon The Quality of the Voice,” . Speech Monogr. , 16 : 344
  • Mullendore , J. M. 1949 . “An Experimental Study of the Vibration of the Bones of the Head and Chest During Sustained Vowel Sounds,” . Speech Monogr. , 16 : 163 – 176 .
  • Russell , G. O. 1929‐30 . “Physiological Cause of Voice Quality in Singing,” . Yearb. Carneg. Instn. , 29 : 414 – 419 .
  • Simon , C. T. and Keller , F. 1927 . “An Approach to the Problem of Chest Resonance,” . Quart. J. Speech Ed. , 13 : 432 – 439 .
  • Steinberg , J. C. , Farnsworth , D. W. and Smith , H. J. 1942 . “High Speed Motion Pictures of the Human Vocal Cords,” . Bell Tel. Lab. Bur. Publ. N. Y. ,
  • West , R. W. 1935 . “A View of the Larynx Through a New Stroboscope,” . Quart. J. Speech , 21 : 455 – 461 .
  • Wise , C. M. 1932 . “Chest Resonance,” . Quart. J. Speech , 18 : 446 – 452 . Also see items 3,7

The Vocal Folds

  • Brackett , I. P. 1947 . “An Analysis of the Vibratory Action of the Vocal Folds During the Production of Tones at Selected Frequencies,” . Northwestern University . Ph.D. Thesis
  • _____ . 1940 . “The Growth of Inflammation of the Vocal Folds Accompanying Easy and Harsh Production of the Voice,” . Northwestern University . M. A. Thesis
  • Carhart , R. T. 1940 . “Airflow Through the Larynx,” . Quart. J. Speech , 26 : 606 – 614 .
  • Drew , R. O. and Kellogg , E. W. 1940 . “Starting Characteristics of Speech Sounds,” . J. acoust. Soc. Amer. , 12 : 95 – 103 .
  • Duncan , M. H. 1947 . “Personality Adjustment Techniques in Voice Therapy,” . J. Speech Dis. , 12 : 161 – 167 .
  • Farnsworth , D. W. 1940 . “High‐speed Motion Pictures of the Human Vocal Cords,” . Bell Lab. Rec , 18 : 203 – 208 .
  • _____ . 1939 . “High‐speed Motion Pictures of the Human Vocal Cords,” . Mus. Teach. Nat. Ass. Proc. , : 43 1940, 306
  • Fletcher , W. W. 1947 . “A High‐speed Motion Picture Study of Vocal Fold Action in Certain Voice Qualities,” . University of Washington . M. A. Thesis
  • Goerttler , K. 1949 . “The Arrangement, Histology, and Histogenesis of the Striated Muscles of the Human Vocal Cord,” . Excerpta Med. , 2 : 465 Sec. 11
  • Griesman , B. L. 1943 . “Mechanism of Phonation Demonstrated by Planigraphy of the Larynx,” . Arch. Otolaryng. , 38 : 17 – 26 .
  • Hartung , A. and Grossman , J. W. 1939 . “Examination of the Larynx and Adjacent Structures with Intrapharyngeal Films,” . Amer. J. Roentgenol. , 42 : 481 – 489 .
  • Joos , M. 1948 . “Acoustic Phonetics,” . Language , 24 : 5 – 136 . Suppl. Apr. June
  • Josephson , E. M. 1927 . “The Physiology of the ‘False’ Vocal Cords and the Anatomy of the Thyro‐arytenoid Muscle and of the Thyroepiglottic Ligament,” . Arch. Otolaryng. , 6 : 139 – 152 .
  • Lasse , L. 1937 . “The Effect of Pitch and Intensity on the Quality of Vowels in Speech,” . Arch. Speech , 2 : 41 – 60 .
  • Lewis , D. 1936 . “Vocal Resonance,” . J. acoust. Soc. Amer. , 8 : 91 – 99 .
  • Lindsay , J. R. 1940 . “Laryngocele Ventricularis,” . Ann. Otol., etc. , 49 : 661 – 673 .
  • Lindsley , C. F. 1933 . “Psycho‐physical Determinants of Individual Differences in Voice Quality,” . Psychol. Bull. , 30 : 594
  • Luchsinger , R. 1948 . “Contribution to the Stroboscopic Recording of Vocal Intensity,” . Excerpta Med. , 1 : 171 Sec. 11
  • Metzger , W. 1928 . “The Mode of Vibration of the Vocal Cords,” . Psychol. Monogr. , 38 : 82 – 159 .
  • Moore , P. 1938 . “Motion‐picture Studies of the Vocal Folds and Vocal Attack,” . J. Speech. Dis. , 3 : 235 – 238 .
  • _____ . 1937 . “A Short History of Laryngeal Investigation,” . Quart. J. Speech , 23 : 531 – 563 .
  • _____ . 1937 . “Vocal Fold Movement During Vocalization,” . Speech Monogr. , 4 : 44 – 55 .
  • Moore , W. E. 1939 . “Personality Traits and Voice Quality Deficiencies,” . J. Speech Dis. , 4 : 33 – 36 .
  • Pressman , J. J. 1939 . “Physiology of the Larynx,” . Laryngoscope , 49 : 239 – 259 .
  • _____ . 1942 . “Physiology of the Vocal Cords in Phonation and Respiration,” . Arch. Otolaryng. , 35 : 355 – 398 .
  • Robb , J. M. 1938 . “Varix of the Vocal Cords,” . Ann. Otol., etc. , 47 : 522 – 526 .
  • Russell , G. O. 1931 . “Motion Picture Demonstration of Normal Interior Laryngeal Functions Which Block the View of the Glottal Lips,” . Ann. Otol., etc. , 40 : 313 – 322 .
  • _____ . 1930‐31 . “Physiological Cause of Voice Quality Differences,” . Yearb. Carneg. Instn. , 30 : 463 – 471 .
  • _____ 35, 1935‐36, 359‐363.
  • _____ . 1931 . Speech and Voice , N. Y. : Macmillan Co. .
  • Strong , L. H. 1935 . “The Mechanism of Laryngeal Pitch,” . Anat. Rec. , 63 : 13 – 28 .
  • Tiffin , J. , Saetveit , J. and Snidecor , J. C. 1938 . “An Approach to the Analysis of the Vibration of the Vocal Cords,” . Quart. J. Speech , 24 : 1 – 11 .
  • Tremble , G. E. 1939 . “Moving Pictures of the Larynx with a Telephoto Lens,” . J. Laryng. , 54 : 664 – 668 .
  • Trendelenburg , W. 1938 . “Break in Register in Singing,” . Sci. Abstr. , 41 : 879 Sec. A
  • _____ . 1939 . “Register Changes in Singing,”; . Sci. Abstr. , 42 : 995 Sec. A
  • _____ and Wullstein , H. 1940 . Investigations of Vocal Cord Vibration,” . J. acoust. Soc. Amer. , 12 : 306 – 307 .
  • Tschiassny , K. 1944 . “Studies Concerning the Action of the Musculus Cricothyreoideus,” . Laryngoscope , 54 : 589 – 604 .
  • Waldapfel , R. 1940 . “Pathology of the Subepithelial (Reinke's) Layer of the Vocal Cords,” . Ann. Otol., etc. , 49 : 647 – 660 .
  • Wells , W. 1940 . “The Significance of Hoarseness,” . Ann. Otol., etc. , 49 : 99 – 112 .
  • West , R. W. 1928 . “The Nature of the Glottal Closure for Phonation,” . Quart. J. Speech , 14 : 508 – 522 .
  • Westlake , H. 1938 . “The Mechanics of Phonation,” . University of Michigan . Ph.D. Thesis
  • Williamson , A. B. 1945 . “Diagnosis and Treatment of Seventy‐Two Cases of Hoarse Voice,” . Quart. J. Speech , 31 : 189 – 202 .
  • Young , B. R. 1940 . “Recent Advances in Roentgen Examination of the Neck,” . Amer. J. Roentgenol. , 44 : 519 – 529 . 1940. Also see items 3,7,22,25,26,28,33,237

The Ventricular Folds and the Epiglottis

  • Brown , J. M. 1940 . “Acute Infections of the Epiglottis,” . Arch. Otolaryng. , 32 : 631 – 641 .
  • Curry , R. 1937 . “The Mechanism of Pitch Change in the Voice,” . J. Physiol. , 91 : 254 – 258 .
  • Jackson , C. and Jackson , C. L. 1935 . “Dysphonia Plicae Ventricularis,” . Arch. Otolaryng. , 21 : 157 – 167 .
  • Paget , R. A. S. 1930 . Human Speech , N. Y., Harcourt : Brace and Co. .
  • Pepinsky , A. 1942 . “The Laryngeal Ventricle Considered as an Acoustical Filter,” . J. acoust. Soc. Amer. , 14 : 32 – 35 .
  • Secord , A. E. 1941 . “An X‐ray Study of the Hyoid Bone, the Thyroid Cartilage and the Cricoid Cartilage in Relation to Pitch Change in the Human Larynx,” . University of Michigan . Ph.D. Thesis
  • Vennard , W. 1949 . Singing, the Mechanism and the Technique , Ann Arbor : Edwards Bros. .
  • Voelker , C. H. 1935 . “Phoniatry in Dysphemia Ventricularis,” . Ann. Otol., etc. , 44 : 471 – 473 . Also see items 3,7,28,45,48,52,61,66,76,77,79.

Larynx and Pharynx

  • Bartholomew , W. T. 1940 . “The Paradox of Voice Teaching,” . J. acoust. Soc. Amer. , 11 : 446 – 450 .
  • Bekesy , G. V. 1949 . “The Structure of the Middle Ear and the Hearing of One's Own Voice By Bone Conduction,” . J. acoust. Soc. Amer. , 21 : 217 – 232 .
  • Borchers , O. J. 1947 . “Practical Implications of Scientific Research for the Teaching of Voice,” . Mus. Teach. Nat. Ass. Pro. , : 41 1947, 209‐215
  • Carhart , R. T. 1941 . “The Spectra of Model Larynx Tones,” . Speech Monogr. , 8 : 76 – 84 .
  • Carmody , F. J. 1941 . “An X‐Ray Study of Pharyngeal Articulation,” . Univ. Calif. Publ. Mod. Phil. , 21 : 377 – 384 .
  • Curry , R. 1938 . “The Physiology of the Contralto Voice,” . Arch. neerl. Phon. exp. , 14 : 73 – 79 .
  • Dodd , L. E. 1926 . “A Method for Studying the Action of the Vocal Muscles During Phonation,” . Laryngoscope , 36 : 391 – 406 .
  • Harrington , E. R. 1944 . “A Study of the Mechanics of Velopharyngeal Closure,” . J. Speech Dis. , 9 : 325 – 345 .
  • Hudgins , C. V. and Stetson , R. H. 1935 . “Voicing of Consonants by Depression of the Larynx,” . Arch. neerl. Phon. exp. , 11 : 1 – 28 .
  • Kenyon , E. L. 1927 . “Relation of Oral Articulative Movements of Speech and of Extrinsic Laryngeal Musculature in General to Function of Vocal Cord,” . Arch. Otolaryng. , 5 : 481 – 501 .
  • Parmenter , C. E. , Trevino , S. N. and Bevans , C. A. 1933 . “The Influence of a Change in Pitch on the Articulation of a Vowel,” . Language , 9 : 72 – 81 .
  • Russell , G. O. 1931 . “Down Pulling of the Thyroid on the Cricoid May Lower Voice Pitch,” . Arch. neerl. Phon. exp. , 6 : 88 – 91 .
  • _____ . 1931‐32 . “Physiological Cause of Voice Quality Differences,” . Yearb. Carneg. Instn. , 31 : 350 – 353 .
  • _____ . 1932 . “X‐ray Photographs of the Tongue and Vocal Organ Positions of Madame Bori,” . Mus. Teach, Nat. Ass. Proc. , : 27 1932, 137‐142
  • Sokolowsky , R. R. 1943 . “Effect of the Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles on Voice Production,” . Arch. Otolaryng. , 38 : 355 – 364 .
  • Travis , L. E. , Bender , W. R. G. and Buchanan , A. R. 1934 . “Research Contribution to Vowel Theory,” . Speech Monogr. , 1 : 65 – 71 .
  • Travis , L. E. and Buchanan , A. R. 1933 . “A Contribution to Vowel Theory,” . Science , 77 : 121 – 22 .
  • Wenrick , J. E. 1931 . “Stimulation of Muscles in the Larynx Tilting the Thyroid Downward on the Cricoid Lowers Pitch,” . Arch. neerl. Phon, exp. , 6 : 92 – 100 .
  • West , R. W. 1926 . “The Nature of Vocal Sounds,” . Quart. J. Speech Ed. , 12 : 244 – 295 .
  • Zerffi , W. A. 1948 . “Voice Reeducation,” . Arch. Otolaryng. , 48 : 521 – 526 . Also see items 3,7,21,25,28,45,48,60,66,73, 75,77,81,83,85,86.

Nasality and Suprapalatal Resonance

  • Bartholomew , W. T. 1934 . “A Physical Definition of Good Voice Quality in the Male Voice,” . J. acoust. Soc. Amer. , 6 : 25 – 33 .
  • _____ . 1935 . “The Role of Imagery in Voice Teaching,” . Mus. Teach. Nat. Ass. Proc. , : 30 1936, 78
  • Black , J. W. 1938 . “Vowel Quality Before and After an Operation for an Occluded Nasal Passage,” . Speech Monogr. , 5 : 62 – 64 .
  • Curtis , J. F. 1942 . “An Experimental Study of the Wave‐Composition of Nasal Voice Quality,” . State University of Iowa . Ph.D. Thesis
  • Hathcock , W. 1937 . “Some Observations of Vowel and Vowel Quality Changes in Singing,” . Ohio State University . M. A. Thesis
  • Hixon , E. H. 1950 . “An X‐Ray Study Comparing Oral and Pharyngeal Structures of Individuals with Nasal Voices and Individuals with Superior Voices,” . Speech Monogr. , 17 : 293
  • Hollender , A. R. 1946 . “The Nasopharynx: A Study of 140 Autopsy Specimens,” . Laryngoscope , 56 : 281 – 304 .
  • Kaltenborn , A. L. Jr. 1949 . “An X‐Ray Study of the Velopharyngeal Closure in Nasal and Non‐Nasal Speakers,” . Speech Monogr. , 16 : 343 – 344 .
  • Kelly , J. P. 1934 . “Studies in Nasality,” . Arch. Speech , 1 : 26 – 42 .
  • Luchsinger , R. 1948 . “Sound Analysis of Rhinolalia,” . Excerpta Med. , 1 : 655 Sec. 11
  • Martin , H. E. and Blady , J. V. 1940 . “Cancer of the Nasopharynx,” . Arch. Otolaryng. , 32 : 692 – 727 .
  • Maxwell , K. L. 1949 . “A Study of Velopharyngeal Closure,” . Speech Monogr. , 16 : 344
  • Nusbaum , E. A. , Foley , L. and Wells , C. 1935 . “Experimental Studies of the Firmness of Velar‐Pharyngeal Occlusion During the Production of English Vowels . Speech Monogr. , 2 : 71 – 80 .
  • Potter , R. K. , Kopp , G. A. and Green , H. C. 1947 . Visible Speech , N. Y. : D. Van Nostrand Co. .
  • Ross , W. E. 1947 . “Final Report of the Voice Teachers’ Survey,” . Nat. Ass. Teach. Singing ,
  • Russell , G. O. 1933‐34 . “Physiological Cause of Voice Quality Differences,” . Yearb. Carneg. Instn. , 33 : 342 – 346 .
  • Sax , M. T. 1950 . “A Comparative Analysis of the Acoustic Structure of Vowel Sounds Produced With and Without Nasal Resonance,” . Speech Monogr. , 17 : 306 – 7 .
  • Voelker , C. H. 1938 . “An Investigation of Articulartory Occurrences in Formal American Pronunciation,” . Arch. neerl. Phon. exp. , 14 : 65 – 72 .
  • Wardill , W. E. M. and Whillis , J. 1936 . “Movements of the Soft Palate . Surg., Gynec., and Obstet. , 62 : 836 – 839 .
  • Westerman , K. N. 1947 . Emergent Voice , Ann Arbor : Edwards Bros. .
  • Wheeler , F. 1930, 1988 . “The Relation of the Paranasal Sinuses to the Singing Voice,” . Science , 72
  • Whillis , J. 1930 . “A Note on the Muscles of the Palate and the Superior Constriction,” . J. Anat. , 65 : 92 – 95 . Also see items 3,7,22,24,26,31,43,53,66,78 81,86,88,93,95,96,101,106

Oral Region

  • Batholomew , W. T. 1942 . Acoustics of Music , N. Y. : Prentice Hall .
  • _____ . 1933 . “Best Voices Vibrate 2,400 a Second,” . Musician , 38 : 14
  • Bennett , G. A. and Ramsay , A. J. 1941 . “Experimental Studies on the Movements of the Mammalian Tongue,” . Anat. Rec. , 79 : 39 – 47 .
  • Black , J. W. 1939 . “The Effect of the Consonant on the Vowel,” . J. acoust. Soc. Amer. , 10 : 203 – 205 .
  • _____ . 1939 . “Stability of the Vowel,” . Quart. J. Speech , 25 : 52 – 55 .
  • Borchers , O. J. 1939 . “The Relation Between Intensity and Harmonic Structure in Voice,” . Psychol. Rec. , 3 : 59 – 67 .
  • _____ . 1941 . “Vocal Timbre in Its Immediate and Successive Aspects,” . Mus. Teach. Nat. Ass. Proc. , : 36 1942, 346‐358
  • Brackett , I. P. 1946 . “Intelligibility Related to Pitch,” . Speech Monogr. , 13 : 24 – 31 .
  • Cotton , J. C. 1937 . “Tongue Movements and Vowel Quality,” . Speech Monogr. , 4 : 38 – 43 .
  • Crandall , I. B. 1927 . “Dynamical Study of Vowel Sounds,” . Bell Syst. tech. J. , 6 : 100 – 116 .
  • _____ . 1925 . “The Sounds of Speech,” . Bell Syst. tech. J. , 4 : 586 – 626 .
  • Dalferes , B. E. 1949 . “Relation of Vocal Pitch to Lengths of Resonance Chambers,” . Speech Monogr. , 16 : 342
  • Dunn , H. K. 1950 . “The Calculation of Vowel Resonances and an Electrical Vocal Tract,” . J. acoust. Soc. Amer. , 22 : 740 – 753 .
  • Edmondson , H. 1950 . “A Spectrographic Investigation of the Acoustic Similarities and Differences of the Five Front Vowels as Spoken by Twenty Male Speech Students,” . Speech Monogr. , 17 : 305
  • Fairbanks , G. 1950 . “A Physiological Correlative of Vowel Intensity,” . Speech Monogr. , 17 : 390 – 395 .
  • Fairbanks , G. , House , A. S. and Stevens , E. L. 1950 . “An Experimental Study of Vowel Intensities,” . J. acoust. Soc. Amer. , 22 : 457 – 459 .
  • Fletcher , H. “Newer Concepts of the Pitch, Loudness, and Timbre of Musical Tones,” . Bell Teleph. Syst. tech. Publ. Monogr. , B896‐1935
  • _____ . 1929 . Speech and Hearing , N. Y. : D. Van Nostrand Co. .
  • Goldstein , M. S. 1940 . “New Concepts of the Function of the Tongue,” . Laryngoscope , 50 : 164 – 188 .
  • _____ . 1940 . “Speech Without a Tongue,” . J. Speech Dis. , 5 : 65 – 69 .
  • Goodman , A. C. 1950 . “A Spectrographic Analysis of the Relationship Between Fundamental Frequency and the Acoustic Spectra of the Vowels (i) & (a) . "Speech Monogr. , 17 : 305
  • Holbrook , R. T. 1934 . “X‐ray Films of Speech‐Articulations and Their Utility in Teaching,” . Sch. & Soc. , 39 : 674 – 675 .
  • _____ and Carmody , F. J. 1937 . “X‐ray Studies of Speech Articulation,” . Univ. Calif. Publ. Mod. Phil. , 20 : i – viii . 187 – 238 .
  • Kelly , J. P. and Higley , L. B. 1934 . “A Contribution To the X‐ray Study of Tongue Position in Certain Vowels,” . Arch. Speech , 1 : 84 – 95 .
  • Kopp , G. A. and Green , H. C. 1946 . “Basic Phonetic Principles of Visible Speech.” . J. acoust. Soc. Amer. , 18 : 74 – 89 .
  • Lewis , D. and Lichte , W. H. 1939 . “Analysis of a Perceptible Series of Partials in Vocal Sound,” . J. exp. Psychol. , 24 : 254 – 267 .
  • Lewis , D. and Tiffin , J. 1933 . “A Psychophysical Study of Individual Differences in Speaking Ability, “ . Arch. Speech , 1 : 43 – 60 .
  • Lewis , D. and Tuthill , C. E. 1940 . “Resonant Frequencies and Damping Consonants of Resonators Involved in the Production of Sustained Vowels “o”; and “ah” . J. of the acoust. Soc. Amer. , 11 : 451 – 456 .
  • Metfessel , M. 1931 . “Effects of the Removal of the Fundamental and Certain Overtones on Vocal Pitch and Quality,” . Psychol. Bull. , 28 : 212
  • Morrow , C. T. 1948 . “Reaction of Small Enclosures on the Human Voice,” . J. acoust. Soc. Amer. , 20 : 487 – 97 .
  • Moses , E. H. 1941 . “Some Resultant Changes After Filling (High) Palatal Vault,” . Speech Mongr. , 8 : 102 – 113 .
  • Mosher , H. P. 1927 . “X‐ray Study of Movements of the Tongue, Epiglottis, and Hyoid Bone in Swallowing,” . Laryngoscope , 37 : 235 – 262 .
  • Orlik , K. 1947 . “Une Contribution a L'Etude de la Nature Acoustique des Voyelles,” . Arch. neerl. Phon. exp. , 20 : 97 – 102 .
  • Parmenter , C. E. and Bevans , C. A. 1933 . “Analysis of Speech Radiographs,” . Amer. Speech , 8 : 44 – 56 .
  • Parmenter , C. E. and Trevino , S. N. 1932 . “Vowel Positions as Shown by X‐ray,” . Quart. J. Speech , 18 : 351 – 369 .
  • Potter , R. K. and Peterson , G. E. 1948 . “The Representation of Vowels and Their Movements,” . J. acoust. Soc. Amer. , 20 : 528 – 535 .
  • Richardson , E. G. 1940 . “Recent Work in Experimental Phonetics,” . Nature , 145 : 841 – 843 .
  • Sacia , C. F. 1925 . “Speech Power and Energy,” . Bell Syst. tech. J. , 4 : 627 – 641 .
  • Shohara , H. H. 1935 . “The Genesis of the Articulatory Movements of Speech,” . Quart. J. Speech , 21 : 343 – 348 .
  • Stout , B. 1938 . “The Harmonic Structure of Vowels in Singing in Relation to Pitch and Intensity,” . J. acoust, Soc. Amer. , 10 : 137 – 146 .
  • Trendelenburg , F. 1935 . “On the Physics of Speech Sounds,” . J. acoust. Soc. Amer. , 7 : 142 – 147 .
  • Van Dusen , C. R. 1941 . “A Laboratory Study of the Metallic Voice,” . J. Speech Dis. , 6 : 137 – 140 .
  • Voelker , C. H. 1936 . “The Sounding Board Function of the Hard Palate in Speech and Voice,” . Quart. J. Speech , 22 : 23 – 27 .
  • Wagner , K. W. 1948 . “The Electro‐acoustic Reproduction of Individual Vowels as a Method for the Investigation of Speech . Folia phoniatr. , 1 : 161 – 176 .
  • Warren , N. 1936 . “Vocal Cord Activity and Vowel Theory,” . Quart J. Speech , 22 : 651 – 655 .
  • Wolf , S. K. and Sette , W. J. 1935 . “Some Applications of Modern Acoustic Apparatus,” . J. acoust. Soc. Amer. , 6 : 160 – 168 .
  • Young , I. C. and Stetson , R. H. 1930 . “Analysis of Vowels,” . Science , 72 : 223 Also see items 3,7,15,22,47,50,51,77,78, 81,83,85,88,89,96,101,123,205

Vibrato

  • Corso , J. F. and Lewis , D. 1950 . “Preferred Rate and Extent of the Frequency Vibrato,” . J. acoust. Soc. Amer. , 22 : 83
  • Easley , E. 1932 . “A Comparison of the Vibrato in Concert and Opera Singing,” . Univ. Iowa Studies Psychol. Mus. , 1 : 269 – 275 . The Vibrato
  • Metfessel , M. 1932 . “The Vibrato in Artistic Voices,” . Univ. Iowa Studies Psychol. Mus. , 1 : 14 – 117 . The Vibrato
  • Rothschild , D. A. 1932 . “The Timbre Vibrato,” . Univ. Iowa Studies Psychol. Mus. , 1 : 236 – 244 . The Vibrato
  • Seashore , C. E. 1942 . “Objective Factors in Tone Quality,” . Amer. J. Psychol. , 55 : 123 – 127 .
  • Seashore , H. G. 1932 . “The Hearing of the Pitch and Intensity in Vibrato,” . Univ. Iowa Studies Psychol. Mus. , 1 : 213 – 235 . The Vibrato
  • Seashore , H. G. and Tiffin , J. 1932 . “Summary of the Established Facts in Experimental Studies of Vibrato up to 1932,” . Univ. Iowa Studies Psychol. Mus. , 1 : 344 – 376 . The Vibrato
  • Stanley , D. 1931 . “The Science of Voice,” . J. Franklin Inst. , 211 : 405 – 455 .
  • Tiffin , J. 1932 . “The Role of Pitch and Intensity in the Vocal Vibrato of Students and Artists,” . Univ. Iowa Studies Psychol. Mus. , 1 : 134 – 165 . The Vibrato
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Acoustics

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  • Seashore , H. G. 1936 . “An Objective Analysis of Artistic Singing.” . Univ. of Iowa Studies Psychol. Mus. , 4 : 12 – 157 . Objective Musical Performance
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  • Stanley , D. 1945 . Your Voice , N. Y. : Pitman .
  • Stout , B. 1944 . “Dynamics of the Human Voice,” . Mus. Teach. Nat. Ass. Proc. , : 38 1944, 299‐303
  • Wagner , A. H. 1940 . “Research in the Field of Voice Training,” . Mus. Ed. Nat. Con. , 30 : 343 – 347 .
  • Wolner , M. and Pyle , W. H. 1933 . “An Experiment in Individual Training of Pitch‐Deficient Children,” . J. educ. Psychol , 24 : 601 – 608 .
  • Obata , J. and Satta , C. 1932 . “On the Nature of the Voice Registers and the Vibrations of the Vocal Chords,” . Proc. physmath. Soc. Japan. , 14 : 341 – 348 . Also see items 3,7,8,14,26,88,184,191.

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