1,202
Views
39
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Empathy among college students and criminal justice majors: Identifying predispositional traits and the role of education

Pages 125-144 | Published online: 17 Feb 2007

References

References

  • Alexander , MA . 1999 . “Sexual Offender Treatment Efficacy Revisited.” . Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment , 11 : 101 – 17 .
  • Barbaree , HE and Marshall , WL . 1988 . “Deviant Sexual Arousal, Offense History and Demographic Variables as Predictors of Reoffense among Child Molesters.” . Behavioral Sciences and the Law , 6 : 267 – 80 .
  • Barnett , MA , Howard , JA , King , LM and Dino , GA . 1981 . “Helping Behavior and the Transfer to Empathy.” . Journal of Social Psychology , 115 : 125 – 32 .
  • Benack , S . 1988 . “Relativistic Thought: A Cognitive Basis for Empathy in Counseling.” . Counselor Education and Supervision , 27 : 216 – 32 .
  • Carkhuff R 1969 Helping and Human Relations: A Primer for Lay and Professional Helpers New York Holt, Rinehart, & Winston
  • Chiou , W‐B and Lin , M‐J . 1999 . “Toward Mature Peer Interpersonal Relations of College Students: Sex and Grade Differences in the Development of Tolerance and Empathy.” . Journal of Education and Psychology , 22 : 161 – 93 .
  • Chlopan , BE , McCain , ML , Carbonell , JL and Hagen , RL . 1985 . “Empathy: Review of Available Measures.” . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 48 : 635 – 53 .
  • Cliffordson , C . 2002 . “The Hierarchical Structure of Empathy: Dimensional Organization and Relations to Social Functioning.” . Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , 43 : 49 – 59 .
  • Courtright , KE and Mackey , DA . 2004 . “Job Desirability among Criminal Justice Majors: Exploring Relationships between Personal Characteristics and Occupational Attractiveness.” . Journal of Criminal Justice Education , 15 : 311 – 26 .
  • Curwen , T . 2003 . “The Importance of Offense Characteristics, Victimization History, Hostility, and Social Desirability in Assessing Empathy of Male Adolescent Sex Offenders.” . Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment , 15 : 347 – 64 .
  • Cutcliffe , JR and Cassedy , P . 1998 . “The Development of Empathy in Students on a Short, Skills Based Counseling Course: A Pilot Study.” . Nurse Education Today , 19 : 250 – 57 .
  • Davis MH 1994 Empathy: A Social Psychological Approach Madison WI Brown & Benchmark
  • ———. 1996 Empathy: A Social Psychological Approach Boulder CO Westview Press
  • Davis , MH , Mitchell , KW , Hall , JA , Lothert , J , Snapp , T and Meyer , M . 1999 . “Empathy, Expectations, and Situational Preferences: Personality Influences on the Decision to Participate in Volunteer Helping Behaviors.” . Journal of Personality , 67 : 469 – 503 .
  • Duan , C and Hill , CE . 1996 . “The Current State of Empathy Research.” . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 43 : 261 – 74 .
  • Dymond , R . 1949 . “A Scale for the Measurement of Empathic Ability.” . Journal of Consulting Psychology , 13 : 127 – 33 .
  • Eisenberg N 1995 “Prosocial Development: A Multifaceted Model.” In W. M. Kurtines and J. L. Gerwitz (eds.), Moral Development: An Introduction pp. 401–429 Needham Heights MA Prentice Hall
  • Eisenberg‐Berg , N and Mussen , P . 1978 . “Empathy and Moral Development in Adolescence.” . Developmental Psychology , 2 : 185 – 86 .
  • Eskridge , CW . 1999 . “A Brief Response to ‘Students’ Views on Criminal Justice.’” . Journal of Criminal Justice Education , 10 : 291 – 95 .
  • Hanson , RK . 2003 . “Empathy Deficits of Sexual Offenders: A Conceptual Model.” . Journal of Sexual Aggression , 9 : 13 – 23 .
  • Hanson RK Gordon A Harris AJR Marques JK Murphy W Quinse VL et al. 2002 “First Report of the Collaborative Outcome Data Project on the Effectiveness of Psychological Treatment for Sex Offenders.” Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 14 169 94
  • Hassine V 1996 Life without Parole: Living in Prison Today Los Angeles Roxbury
  • Hatcher , SL , Nadeau , MS , Walsh , LK , Reynolds , M , Galea , J and Marz , K . 1994 . “The Teaching of Empathy for High School and College Students: Testing Rogerian Methods with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index.” . Adolescence , 29 : 961 – 74 .
  • Hennessy , M , Walter , JS and Vess , J . 2002 . “An Evaluation of the Empat as a Measure of Victim Empathy with Civilly Committed Sexual Offenders.” . Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment , 14 : 241 – 51 .
  • Hoffman ML 1981 “The Development of Empathy.” In J. P. Rushton and R. M. Sorrentino (eds.), Altruism and Helping Behavior pp. 41–63 Lincoln NE Nebraska University Press
  • ———. 1987 “The Contribution of Empathy to Justice and Moral Judgment.” In N. Eisenberg and J. Strayer (eds.), Empathy and its Development pp. 47–80 Cambridge Cambridge University Press
  • ———. 1994 “Discipline and Internalization.” Developmental Psychology 30 26 28
  • Hogan , R . 1969 . “Development of an Empathy Scale.” . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 33 : 307 – 16 .
  • Ickes W Snyder M Garcia S 1997 “Personality Influences on the Choice of Situations.” In R. Hogan, J. Johnson, and S. Briggs (eds.), Handbook of Personality Psychology pp. 165–95 New York Academic Press
  • Irwin J 1985 The Jail Berkeley CA University of California Press
  • Klug , EA . 2002, June . “Volunteers Teach Inmates Nonviolent Alternatives.” . Corrections Today , 64 : 62
  • Kohlberg L 1984 The Philosophy of Moral Development: The Nature and Validity of Moral Stages San Francisco Jossey‐Bass
  • Kohut H 1971 The Analysis of Self New York International Universities Press
  • Krevans , J and Gibbs , JC . 1996 . “Parents’ Use of Inductive Discipline: Relations to Children’s Empathy and Prosocial Behavior.” . Child Development , 67 : 3263 – 77 .
  • Leith , KP and Baumeister , RF . 1998 . “Empathy, Shame, Guilt, and Narratives of Interpersonal Conflicts: Guilt‐Prone People are Better at Perspective Taking.” . Journal of Personality , 66 : 1 – 37 .
  • Loevinger J 1976 Ego Development: Conceptions and Theories San Francisco Jossey‐Bass
  • Lopez , NL , Bonenberger , JL and Schneider , HG . 2001 . “Parental Disciplinary History, Current Levels of Empathy, and Moral Reasoning in Young Adults.” . North American Journal of Psychology , 3 : 193 – 204 .
  • Lyons , C and Hazler , RJ . 2002 . “The Influence of Student Development Level on Improving Counselor Student Empathy.” . Counselor Education and Supervision , 42 : 119 – 30 .
  • Mackey DA Courtright KE 1998 “Testing the Rehabilitative Ideal among College Students.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology in Washington, DC.
  • ———. 2000 “Assessing Punitiveness among College Students: A Comparison of Criminal Justice Majors with Other Majors The Justice Professional 12 423 41
  • Marin , TM and Bell , DL . 2003, December . “Navy Sex Offender Treatment: Promoting Community Safety.” . Corrections Today , 65 : 84 – 87 .
  • Marshall , WL , Hamilton , K and Fernandez , Y . 2001 . “Empathy Deficits and Cognitive Distortions in Child Molesters.” . Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment , 13 : 123 – 30 .
  • Matson , S . 2002, October . “Sex Offender Treatment: A Critical Management Tool.” . Corrections Today , 64 : 114 – 17 .
  • McMahon , ME . 2003, August . “The Impact of Crime Program in a Jail Setting.” . Corrections Today , 65 : 86 – 88 .
  • Mehrabian A 1996 Manual for the Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES) (available from Albert Mehrabian, 1130 Alta Mesa Road, Monterey, CA 92940).
  • Mehrabian , A . 1997 . “Relations among Personality Scales of Aggression, Violence, and Empathy: Validational Evidence Bearing on the Risk of Eruptive Violence Scale.” . Aggressive Behavior , 23 : 433 – 45 .
  • Mehrabian , A and Epstein , NA . 1972 . “A Measure of Emotional Empathy.” . Journal of Personality , 40 : 525 – 43 .
  • Mehrabian , A , Young , AL and Sato , S . 1988 . “Emotional Empathy and Associated Individual Differences.” . Current Psychology: Research & Reviews , 7 : 221 – 40 .
  • Michaud , PA . 2003, August . “Adding Crime Victims to the Re‐Entry Equation.” . Corrections Today , 65 : 84–85, 89
  • Mueller , MA and Waas , GA . 2002 . “College Students’ Perceptions of Suicide: The Role of Empathy on Attitudes, Evaluation, and Responsiveness.” . Death Studies , 26 : 325 – 41 .
  • Mulloy , R , Smiley , WC and Mawson , DL . 1999 . “The Impact of Empathy Training on Offender Treatment.” . Forum on Corrections Research , 11 : 19 – 21 .
  • Myyry , L and Helkama , K . 2001 . “University Students’ Value Priorities and Emotional Empathy.” . Educational Psychology , 21 : 25 – 40 .
  • Osberg TM Lindstrom CM Heftka J In press. “Psychological Assessment in Police Officer Candidate Selection.” In D. Taylor (ed.), Policing and Psychology Upper Saddle River NJ Prentice Hall
  • Perry WG 1970 Forms of Intellectual and Ethical Development in the College Years: A Scheme New York Holt, Rinehart, & Winston
  • Piaget J 1965 The Moral Judgment of the Child Glencoe IL Free Press
  • Rest JR 1986 Moral Development Advances in Theory and Research New York Praeger Press
  • Riggio , RE , Tucker , J and Coffaro , D . 1989 . “Social Skills and Empathy.” . Personality and Individual Differences , 1 : 93 – 99 .
  • Sherman , LW . 2002 . “Trust and Confidence in Criminal Justice.” . National Institute of Justice Journal , 248 : 23 – 31 .
  • Smallbone , SW , Wheaton , J and Hourigan , D . 2003 . “Trait Empathy and Criminal Versatility in Sexual Offenders.” . Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment , 15 : 49 – 60 .
  • Stinchcomb , JB . 2002 . “Prisons of the Mind: Lessons Learned from Home Confinement.” . Journal of Criminal Justice Education , 13 : 463 – 78 .
  • Stotland E 1969 “Exploratory Investigations of Empathy.” In L. Berkowitz (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 4 pp. 271–314 New York Academic Press
  • Strayer J 1987 “Affective and Cognitive Perspectives on Empathy.” In N. Eisenberg and J. Strayer (eds.), Empathy and its Development pp. 218–44 Cambridge Cambridge University Press
  • Tierney , DW and McCabe , MP . 2001 . “An Evaluation of Self‐Report Measures of Cognitive Distortions and Empathy among Australian Sex Offenders.” . Archives of Sexual Behavior , 30 : 495 – 519 .
  • Trobst , KK , Collins , RL and Embree , JM . 1994 . “The Role of Emotion in Social Support Provision: Gender, Empathy and Expressions of Distress.” . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 11 : 45 – 62 .
  • Webster , SD . 2002 . “Assessing Victim Empathy in Sexual Offenders Using the Victim Letter Task.” . Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment , 14 : 281 – 300 .
  • Webster , SD and Beech , AR . 2000 . “The Nature of Sexual Offenders’ Affective Empathy: A Grounded Theory Analysis.” . Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment , 12 : 249 – 61 .
  • Wegener ST 1999 “The Rehabilitation Ethic and Ethics.” In R. P. Marinelli and A. E. Dell Otto (eds.), The Psychosocial Impact of Disability pp. 43–54 New York Springer
  • West JL 2001 “Differences in Morality and Empathy in College Majors.” Retrieved March 11, 2003, from Missouri Western State College, National Undergraduate Research Clearinghouse, Department of Psychology Website: http://clearinghouse.mwsc.edu/manuscripts/239
  • Wolfer , L and Friedrichs , DO . 2001 . “A Commitment to Justice at a Jesuit University: A Comparison of Criminal Justice Majors to Non‐Majors.” . Journal of Criminal Justice Education , 12 : 319 – 37 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.