Housing the Poor? A Comparative Study of Public Housing Provision in New York, Hong Kong, and Shenzhen

References

• Arts, W., & Gelissen, J. (2002). Three worlds of welfare capitalism or more? A state-of-the-art report. Journal of European Social Policy, 12(2), 137–158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin, P. M., Gurran, N., & Whitehead, C. M. (2014). Planning and affordable housing in Australia, New Zealand and England: Common culture; different mechanisms. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 29(3), 455–472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball, M., & Harloe, M. (1992). Rhetorical barriers to understanding housing provision: What the ‘provision thesis’ is and is not. Housing Studies, 7(1), 3–15.
   Google Scholar
• Bavan, M. S., & Shamsuddin, S. (2007). The transition to asset management in public housing. Cityscape, 185–192.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, A., & Rice, D. (2018). Congress prioritizes housing programs in 2018 funding bill. Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. https://www.cbpp.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/7-19-18hous.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Belsky, E. S., & Duda, M. (2002). Asset appreciation, timing of purchases and sales, and returns to low-income homeownership. In N. P. Retsinas, E. S. Belsky, & B. I. Press (Eds.), Low-income homeownership: Examining the unexamined goal (pp.208–238). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
   Google Scholar
• Bloom, N. D. (2008). Public housing that worked: New York in the twentieth century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
   Google Scholar
• Castells, M., Goh, L., Kwok, R. Y. W., & Kee, T. H. (1988). Economic development and housing policy in the Asian Pacific rim: Acomparative study of Hong Kong, Singapore, and Shenzhen special economic zone. Institute of Urban and Regional Development. University of California at Berkeley. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fh7t14f
   Google Scholar
• Chen, J., Yang, Z., & Wang, Y. P. (2014). The new Chinese model of public housing: A step forward or backward? Housing Studies, 29(4), 534–550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J. (2018). The transformations of housing regime and its impacts on urbanization in China. In U. Sengupta & A. Shaw (Eds.), Trends and issues in housing in Asia: Coming of an age (pp. 19–41). New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, Z., Huang, Y., & Huang, X. (2019). Public support for inclusionary housing in urban China. International Journal of Housing Policy, 19(4), 457–482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• China Development Research Foundation. (2012). Project report: China’s social security housing policy research. [in Chinese]. Beijing: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Chiu-Shee, C., & Zheng, S. (2019). A burden or a tool? Rationalizing public housing provision in Chinese cities. Housing Studies. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2019.1667490
   Google Scholar
• Chiu, R. L. (2008). Government intervention in housing: Convergence and divergence of the Asian dragons. Urban Policy and Research, 26(3), 249–269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu, R. L. (2013). The transferability of public housing policy within Asia: Reflections from the Hong Kong-mainland China case study. In J. Chen, M. Stephens & Y. Man (Eds.), The Future of Public Housing (pp. 3–12). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Council, S. (2016). Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan for Housing and Urban-Rural Development. Jianji [2016] No. 141. [in Chinese]
   Google Scholar
• Deng, L., Shen, Q., & Wang, L. (2011). The emerging housing policy framework in China. Journal of Planning Literature, 26(2), 168–183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng, Y., Chan, E. H. W., & Poon, S. W. (2016). Challenge-driven design for public housing: The case of Hong Kong. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 5(2), 213–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doling, J. F. (1997). Comparative housing policy: Government and housing in advanced industrialized countries. London: Macmillan International Higher Education.
   Google Scholar
• Doling, J. (1999). Housing policies and the little tigers: How do they compare with other industrialised countries? Housing Studies, 14(2), 229–250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong, C., & Li, W. (2008). Households with annual per capita income below 23,000 are eligible for social security housing in Shenzhen. Shenzhen Economic Daily 1/5/2008 [Shenzhen Shangbao].
   Google Scholar
• Esping-Andersen, G. (1999). Social foundations of postindustrial economies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Esping‐Andersen, G. (1990). The three worlds of welfare capitalism. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ferré-Sadurni, L. (2019 April 25). To save public housing, New York warily considers a new approach: Tear some down. New York. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/25/nyregion/nycha-fulton-houses.html
   Google Scholar
• Fleming, S. (2019). The world’s most expensive places to own a home. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/03/the-worlds-most-expensive-places-to-own-a-home/
   Google Scholar
• Forrest, R., & Yip, N. (2014). The future for reluctant intervention: The prospects for Hong Kong’s public rental sector. Housing Studies, 29(4), 551–565.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedmann, J. (2005). China’s urban transition. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fund, I. M. (2020). Global housing watch. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.
   Google Scholar
• Goering, J. M. (1993). Towards the comparative exploration of public housing segregation in England and the United States. Housing Studies, 8(4), 256–273.
   Google Scholar
• Goetz, E. G. (2003). Clearing the way: Deconcentrating the poor in urban America. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute Press.
   Google Scholar
• Goetz, E. G. (2013). New deal ruins: Race, economic justice, and public housing policy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hananel, R., Krefetz, S. P., & Vatury, A. (2018). Public housing matters: Public housing policy in Sweden, the United States, and Israel. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 38(3), 265–272.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hanlon, J. (2017). The origins of the Rental Assistance Demonstration program and the end of public housing. Housing Policy Debate, 27(4), 611–639.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins, C. V., Krause, R. M., Feiock, R. C., & Curley, C. (2016). Making meaningful commitments: Accounting for variation in cities’ investments of staff and fiscal resources to sustainability. Urban Studies, 53(9), 1902–1924.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hays, R. A. (1995). The federal government and urban housing. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• HKHA (Hong Kong Housing Authority). (2020a). Memorandum for the Finance Committee of the Hong Kong Housing Authority: Housing Authority’s 2019/20 Revised Budget, 2020/21 Proposed Budget and 2021/22 to 2023/24 Financial Forecasts. Hong Kong Housing Authority.
   Google Scholar
• HKHA (Hong Kong Housing Authority). (2020b). Corporate Plan 2020/21. Hong Kong Housing Authority.
   Google Scholar
• HKHA (Hong Kong Housing Authority). (2020c). Information Booklet on General Housing Policies. Hong Kong Housing Authority.
   Google Scholar
• HKHA (Hong Kong Housing Authority). (2020d). Income and asset limits. https://www.housingauthority.gov.hk/en/flat-application/income-and-asset-limits/index.html .
   Google Scholar
• HKHA (Hong Kong Housing Authority). (2020e). 2019/20 Financial Statements for the year ended 31 March 2020. Hong Kong Housing Authority.
   Google Scholar
• HKHS (Hong Kong Housing Society). (2019). Connecting the Dots for Innovative Housing Solutions: 2018/19 Annual Report. Hong Kong Housing Society.
   Google Scholar
• Ho, A. (2018, April 18). Public-private partnership suggested to address Hong Kong’s land issue. Harbour Times.
   Google Scholar
• Holliday, I. (2000). Productivist welfare capitalism: Social policy in East Asia. Political Studies, 48(4), 706–723.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honan, K. (2018, November 19). NYCHA plans to fix 62,000 apartments through public-private partnership. Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/nycha-plans-to-fix-62-000-apartments-through-public-private-partnership-1542671241
   Google Scholar
• Huang, Y. (2012). Low-income housing in Chinese cities: Policies and practices. The China Quarterly, 212, 941–964.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huat, C. B., & Wong, M. (2018). No one left homeless: Universal provision of housing in Singapore. In L. H. C. Rebecca & S.-K. Ha (Eds.), Housing Policy, Wellbeing and Social Development in Asia (pp. 106–122). New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hui, E. C. M., & Wong, F. (2004). The Hong Kong Housing Authority and its financial arrangement over the past 50 years. Conference for the 50th anniversary of the Hong Kong Housing Authority, Hong Kong.
   Google Scholar
• Jeffery, C., Pamphilis, N. M., Rowe, C., & Turner, E. (2014). Regional policy variation in Germany: The diversity of living conditions in a ‘unitary federal state.’ Journal of European Public Policy, 21(9), 1350–1366.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kallergis, A., Angel, S., Liu, Y., Blei, A., Sanchez, N., & Lamson-Hall, P. (2018). Housing affordability in a global perspective. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
   Google Scholar
• Kamat, A. (2019, February 6). NYCHA hires private ‘slumlord’ to run public housing. WNYC. https://www.wnyc.org/story/nycha-hires-private-slumlord-public-housing/
   Google Scholar
• Kemeny, J., & Lowe, S. (1998). Schools of comparative housing research: From convergence to divergence. Housing Studies, 13(2), 161–176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemeny, J. (1995). From public housing to the social market: Rental policy strategies in comparative perspective. London and New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kemeny, J. (2001). Comparative housing and welfare: Theorising the relationship. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 16(1), 53–70.
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy, R. (1997, December 15). In turnabout, housing authority will begin favoring jobholders. New York Times.
   Google Scholar
• Knight Frank. (2019). Global affordability monitor 2019. London: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Lam, N. M. (2000). Government intervention in the economy: A comparative analysis of Singapore and Hong Kong. Public Administration and Development, 20(5), 397–421.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. (2003). Is there an East Asian housing culture? Contrasting housing systems of Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and South Korea. The Journal of Comparative Asian Development, 2(1), 3–19.
   Google Scholar
• LEGCO (Legislative Council of Hong Kong). (2013). Long Term Housing Strategy-Information Note. Hong Kong: Legislative Council Secretariat.
   Google Scholar
• Li, L. H., & Siu, A. (2001). Privatising management services in subsidised housing in Hong Kong. Property Management, 19(1), 37–49.
   Google Scholar
• Lui, H.-K., & Suen, W. (2011). The effects of public housing on internal mobility in Hong Kong. Journal of Housing Economics, 20(1), 15–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lux, M., & Sunega, P. (2014). Public housing in the post-socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe: Decline and an open future. Housing Studies, 29(4), 501–519.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcuse, P. (1986). The beginnings of public housing in New York. Journal of Urban History, 12(4), 353–390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Megbolugbe, I. F., & Linneman, P. D. (1993). Home ownership. Urban Studies, 30(4/5), 659–682.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyers, M. K., Gornick, J. C., & Peck, L. R. (2001). Packaging support for low‐income families: Policy variation across the United States. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 20(3), 457–483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NYCHA (New York City Housing Authority). (2019). NYCHA 2019 Fact Sheet. New York: Author.
   Google Scholar
• NYCHA (New York City Housing Authority). (2020). NYCHA designates development partners to repair and preserve over 5,900 affordable apartments in Manhattan and Brooklyn. Press Release. New York: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Office of the Mayor. (2018). Mayor de Blasio announces 62,000 NYCHA apartments to receive comprehensive repairs. New York: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, M., & Boyne, G. (2001). The spatial strategy of equality and the spatial division of welfare. Social Policy & Administration, 35(2), 181–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quercia, R. G., & Galster, G. C. (1997). The challenges facing public housing authorities in a brave new world. Housing Policy Debate, 8(3), 535–569.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratigan, K. (2017). Disaggregating the developing welfare state: Provincial social policy regimes in China. World Development, 98, 467–484.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid, J., Nicol, C., & Allen, H. (2019). Mapping the world’s prices 2019. London: Deutsche Bank Research.
   Google Scholar
• Rohe, W. M., & Stegman, M. A. (1992). Public housing home-ownership: Will it work and for whom? Journal of the American Planning Association, 58(2), 144–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schill, M. H. (1993). Distressed Public Housing: Where do we go from here? The University of Chicago Law Review, 60(2), 497–554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, A. F. (2017). Future prospects for public housing in the United States: Lessons from the Rental Assistance Demonstration program. Housing Policy Debate, 27(5), 789–806.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, A. F. (2021). Housing policy in the United States. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Scruggs, L., & Allan, J. (2006). Welfare-state decommodification in 18 OECD countries: A replication and revision. Journal of European Social Policy, 16(1), 55–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamsuddin, S. (2022). Mix and match: A framework for understanding mixed-income outcomes. In S. Tsenkova (Ed.), Cities and Affordable Housing: Planning, Design, and Policy Nexus (pp. 79–91). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Shamsuddin, S., & Vale, L. J. (2017). Lease it or lose it? The implications of New York’s Land Lease Initiative for public housing preservation. Urban Studies, 54(1), 137–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shlay, A. B. (2006). Low-income homeownership: American dream or delusion? Urban Studies, 43(3), 511–531.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siebrits, J. (2019). Global Living 2019. London: Coldwell Banker Richard Ellis.
   Google Scholar
• SMBHC (Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Housing and Construction). (2011). Shenzhen Municipal Housing Security Development Plan, 2011–2015. Shenzhen, China: Shenzhen Municipal government.
   Google Scholar
• SMBHC (Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Housing and Construction). (2013). Interim measures for wait listing and allocating public housing in Shenzhen. Shenzhen, China: Shenzhen Municipal government.
   Google Scholar
• SMBHC (Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Housing and Construction). (2016). Implementation measures for integrating public rental housing and cheap rental housing. Shenzhen, China: Shenzhen Municipal government.
   Google Scholar
• SMBHC (Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Housing and Construction). (2017). Measures for the Management of Talent Housing and Social Security Housing Construction in Shenzhen. Shenzhen, China: Shenzhen Municipal government.
   Google Scholar
• SMBHC (Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Housing and Construction). (2018). Opinions on deepening the housing system reform and accelerating the housing supply through establishing the multi-channel model of rent and purchase. Shenzhen, China: Shenzhen Municipal government.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, G. B. (2013, February 6). NYCHA set to lease playgrounds, community centers for luxury high-rises. New York Daily News. https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/short-article-1.1256450
   Google Scholar
• Spence, L. H. (1993). Rethinking the social role of public housing. Housing Policy Debate, 4(3), 355–368.
   Google Scholar
• Sribnick, E. (2012). Excluding the poor: Public housing in New York City. Uncensored: American Family Experiences with Poverty and Homelessness, Summer, 24–28. https://www.icphusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/ICPH_UNCENSORED_3.2_Summer2012.pdf
   Google Scholar
• State Council. (2007). Several Opinions of the State Council on Solving the Housing Difficulties of Urban Low-income Families. Beijing, China: State Council.
   Google Scholar
• Stephens, M. (2020). How housing systems are changing and why: A critique of Kemeny’s theory of housing regimes. Housing, Theory and Society, 37(5), 521–547.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trydegård, G. B., & Thorslund, M. (2010). One uniform welfare state or a multitude of welfare municipalities? The evolution of local variation in Swedish elder care. Social Policy & Administration, 44(4), 495–511.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsenkova, S. (2009). Housing policy reforms in post-socialist Europe: Lost in transition. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Inspector General. (2015). Overincome families residing in public housing units. Audit report number 2015-PH-0002. Philadelphia, PA.
   Google Scholar
• Vale, L. J., & Shamsuddin, S. (2014). All mixed up: Defining mixed-income in public housing redevelopment. ISA World Congress of Sociology Conference, Yokohama, Japan.
   Google Scholar
• Vale, L. J., & Shamsuddin, S. (2017). All mixed up: Making sense of mixed-income housing developments. Journal of the American Planning Association, 83(1), 56–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vale, L. J. (2000). From the Puritans to the projects. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vale, L. J. (2013). Purging the poorest: Public housing and the design politics of twice-cleared communities. University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, M. (2016). A study of the later stage management of public rental housing based on sustainable development: A case study of Shenzhen. Master’s thesis. Central China Normal University. (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., & Murie, A. (2011). The new affordable and social housing provision system in China: Implications for comparative housing studies. International Journal of Housing Policy, 11(3), 237–254.
   Google Scholar
• Wong, Y. C. R. (2015). Hong Kong land for Hong Kong people: Fixing the failures of our housing policy. Hong Kong University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, F. (2018). Housing privatization and the return of the state: Changing governance in China. Urban Geography, 39(8), 1177–1194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyly, E., & DeFilippis, J. (2010). Mapping public housing: The case of New York City. City & Community, 9(1), 61–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeung, Y.-M., & Drakakis-Smith, D. W. (1974). Comparative perspectives on public housing in Singapore and Hong Kong. Asian Survey, 14(8), 763–775.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yung, B. R. (2008). Hong Kong’s housing policy: A case study in social justice. Hong Kong University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, K., & Ng, N. (2018, September 26). Developers open to partnership with Hong Kong government on public-private housing, but quota ‘down to calculation’. South China Morning Post.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, J., & Ronald, R. (2017). Housing and welfare regimes: Examining the changing role of public housing in China. Housing, Theory and Society, 34(3), 253–276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar