Alterations in osteoclast morphology following osteoprotegerin administration in the magnesium-deficient mouse

References

• Angus RM, Sambrook PN (1988) Dietary intake and bone mineral density. Bone Miner. 4: 265 - 277.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Atkins GJ, Bouralexis S, Haynes DR, Graves SE, Geary SM, Evdokiou A, Zannettino ACW, Hay S, Findlay DM (2001) Osteoprotegerin inhibits osteoclast formation and bone resorbing activity in giant cell tumors of bone. Bone 28: 370–377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen L, Kitzes R (1981) Infrared spectroscopy andmagnesium content of bone mineral in osteoporotic women. Isr. J. Med. Sci. 17: 1123- 1125.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Freudenheim JL, Johnson NE, Smith EL (1986) Relation-ships between usual nutrient intake and bone-mineral content of women 35-65 years of age: longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 44: 863–876. Gori F, Hofbauer LC, Dunstan CR, Spelsberg TC, Khosla S, Riggs BL (2000) The expression of osteoprotegerin and RANK ligand and the support of osteoclast formation by stromal-osteoblast lineage cells is devel- opmentally regulated. Endocrinology 141: 4768–4776.
   Google Scholar
• Gruber HE, Marshall GJ, Nolasco LM, Kirchen ME, Rimoin DL (1988) Alkaline and acid phosphatase de-monstration in human bone and cartilage: effects of fixation intervals and methacrylate embedments. Stain Technol. 63: 299–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofbauer LC, Gori F, Riggs BL, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Spelsberg TC, Khosla S (1999) Stimulation of osteopro- tegerin ligand and inhibition of osteoprotegerin produc- tion by glucocorticoids in human osteoblastic lineagecells: potential paracrine mechanisms of glucocorticoid- induced osteoporosis. Endocrinology 140: 4382–4389.
   Google Scholar
• Lacey DL, Tan HL, Lu J, Kaufman S, Van G, Qiu WR, Rattan A, Scully S, Fletcher F, Juan T, Kelley M, Burgess TL, Boyle WJ, Polverino AJ (2000) Osteoprotegerin ligand modulates murine osteoclast survival in vitro and in vivo. Am. J. Pathol. 157: 435–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morony S, Capparelli C, Lee R, Shimamoto G, Boone T,
   Google Scholar
• Lacey DL, Dunstan CR (1999) A chimeric form of osteoprotegerin inhibits hypercalcemia and bone resorp- tion induced by IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, PTH, PTHrP, and 1,25(OH)2D3. J. Bone Miner. Res. 14: 1478- 1485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roodman GD (1996) Advances in bone biology: the osteoclast. Endocr. Rev. 17: 308–332.
   Google Scholar
• Rude RK (1996) Magnesium metabolism. In: Bilezikian JP, Raisz L, Rodan G, Markovac J, Eds. Principles of Bone Biology. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. pp. 277–293. Rude RK, Gruber HE, Wei LY, Frausto A, Mills BG (2003) Magnesium deficiency: effect on bone and mineral metabolism in the mouse. Calcif. Tissue Int. 72: 32–41. Rude RK, Kirchen ME, Gruber HE, Meyer MH, Luck JS, Crawford DL (1999) Magnesium deficiency-induced osteoporosis in the rat: uncoupling of bone formation and bone resorption. Magnesium Res. 12: 257–267.
   Google Scholar
• Shiotani A, Takami M, Itoh K, Shibasaki Y, Sasaki T (2002) Regulation of osteoclast differentiation and func- tion by receptor activator of NFkB ligand and osteopro- tegerin. Anat. Rec. 268: 137–146.
   Google Scholar
• Simonet WS, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Kelley MCMS, Luthy R, Nguyen HQ, Wooden S, Bennet L, Boone T, Shimamoto G, DeRose M, Eliott R, Colombero A, Tan HL, Trail G, Sullivan J, Davy E, Bucay N, Renshaw- Gegg L, Hughes TM, Hill D, Pattison W, Campbell P, Sander S, Van G, Tarpley J, Derby P, Lee R, Amgen EST Program, Boyle WJ (1997) Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density. Cell 89: 309 - 319.
   Google Scholar
• Sojka JE, Weaver CM (1995) Magnesium supplementa- tion and osteoporosis. Nutrition Rev. 53: 71–80.
   Google Scholar
• Stendig-Lindberg G, Tepper R, Leichter I (1993) Trabe- cular bone density in a two-year controlled trial of peroral magnesium in osteoporosis. Magnesium Res. 6: 155–163.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Teitelbaum SL (2000) Bone resorption by osteoclasts. Science 289: 1504–1508.
   Google Scholar
• Teti A, Marchisio PC, Zallone AZ (1991) Clear zone in osteoclast function: role of podosomes in regulation of bone-resorbing activity. Am. J. Physiol. 261: C1 - C7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker K, Kiel DP, Hannan MT, Felson DT (1995) Magnesium intake is associated with bone mineral density in elderly women. J. Bone Miner. Res. 10: S466. Tucker KL, Hannan MT, Chen H, Cupples LA, Wilson RWF, Kiel D (1999) Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 69: 727–736.
   Google Scholar
• Udagawa N, Takashashi N, Akatsu T, Tanaka H, Sasaki T, Nishihara T, Koga T, Martin TJ, Suda T (1990) Origin of osteoclasts: mature monocytes and macrophages are capable of differentiating into osteoclasts under a suita- ble microenvironment prepared by bone marrow-derived stromal cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87: 7260–7264.
   Google Scholar
• Va¨a¨na¨en HK, Horton M (1995) The osteoclast clear zone is a specialized cell-extracellular matrix adhesion struc- ture. J. Cell Sci. 108: 2729- 2732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yano K, Heilbrun LK, Wasnich RD, Hankin JH, VogelJM (1985) The relationship between diet and bone mineral content of multiple skeletal sites in elderly women living in Hawaii. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 42: 877–888. Yasuda H, Shima N, Nakagawa N, Mochizuki SI, Yano K, Fujise N, Sato Y, Goto M, Yamaguchi K, Kuriyama M, Kanno T, Murakami A, Tsuda E, Morinaga T, Higashio K (1998) Identity of osteoclastogenesis inhibi- tory factor (OCIF) and osteoprotegerin (OPG): a mechan- ism by which OPG/OCIF inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Endocrinology 139: 1329–1337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar