Paeonol exhibits anti-tumor effects by apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced oral carcinogenesis

References

• Abel EL, Angel JM, Kiguchi K, Di-Giovanni J. 2009. Multi-stage chemical carcinogenesis in mouse skin: fundamentals and applications. Nat Protoc. 4:1350–1362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayala A, Munoz MF, Arguelles S. 2014. Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 10:360–438.
   Google Scholar
• Babukumar S, Vinothkumar V, Velu P, Ramachandhiran D, Ramados Nirmal M. 2017. Molecular effects of hesperetin, a citrus flavanone on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced buccal pouch squamous cell carcinoma in golden Syrian hamsters. Arch Physiol Biochem. 123:265–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum M, Amin S, Guengerich FP, Hecht SS, Köhl W, Eisenbrand G. 2001. Metabolic activation of benzo[c]phenanthrene by cytochrome P450 enzymes in human liver and lung. Chem Res Toxicol. 14:686–693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beeharry MK, Liu WT, Yan M, Zhu ZG. 2016. New blood markers detection technology: a leap in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 22:1202–1212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beutler E, Kelly BM. 1963. The effect of sodium nitrate on RBC glutathione. Experientia. 19:96–97.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Birben E, Sahiner UM, Sackesen C, Erzurum S, Kalayci O. 2012. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. World Aller Org J. 5:9–19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brentnall M, Rodriguez-Menocal L, De Guevara RL, Cepero E, Boise LH. 2013. Caspase-9, caspase-3 and caspase-7 have distinct roles during intrinsic apoptosis. BMC Cell Biol. 10:14–32.
   Google Scholar
• Cai J, Chen S, Zhang W, Hu S, Lu J, Xing J, Dong Y. 2014. Paeonol reverses paclitaxel resistance in human breast cancer cells by regulating the expression of transgelin 2. Phytomedicine. 21:984–991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlberg I, Mannervik B. 1985. Glutathione reductase. Methods Enzymol. 113:484–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casto BC, Knobloch TJ, Galioto RL, Yu Z, Accurso BT, Warner BM. 2013. Chemoprevention of oral cancer by lyophilized strawberries. Anticancer Res. 33:4757–4766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen B, Ning M, Yang G. 2012. Effect of paeonol on antioxidant and immune regulatory activity in hepatocellular carcinoma rats. Molecules. 17:4672–4683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung KL, Kong AN. 2010. Molecular targets of dietary phenethylisothiocyanate and sulforaphane for cancer chemoprevention. J Am Assoc Pharmaceut Sci. 12:87–97.
   Google Scholar
• Chou TC. 2003. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of paeonol in carrageenan-evoked thermal hyperalgesia. Br J Pharmacol. 139:1146–1152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook JA, Gius D, Wink DA, Krishna MC, Russo A, Mitchell JB. 2004. Oxidative stress, redox, and the tumor micro environment. Sem Radia Oncol. 14:259–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai M, Liu Y, Gu CG, Zhang HY. 2000. Inhibitory effect of paeonol on lipid peroxidational reaction and oxidational decorate of low density lipoprotein. Zhong Zhong Yao ZaZhi. 25:625–627.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deng XM, Yu JY, Ding MJ, Zhao M, Xue XY, Che CT, Wang SM, Zhao B, Meng J. 2016. Liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray mass spectrometry and principal components analyses of raw and processed moutan cortex. Pharmacogn Mag. 12:50–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai ID. 1984. Vitamin E methods for animal tissues. Methods Enzymol. 105:138–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ernster L. 1967. DT diaphorase. Methods Enzymol. 10:309–317.
   Google Scholar
• Fan L, Song B, Sun G, Ma T, Zhong F, Wei W. 2013. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced resistance to doxorubicin is reversed by paeonol treatment in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PLoS One. 8:e62627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiaschi AI, Cozzolino A, Ruggiero G, Giorgi G. 2005. Glutathione, ascorbic acid and antioxidant enzymes in the tumor tissue and blood of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 9:361–367.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Forbes JM, Hewitson TD, Becker GJ, Jones CL. 2000. Ischemic acute renal failure: long-term histology of cell and matrix changes in the rat. Kidney Int. 57:2375–2385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu PK, Wu CL, Tsai TH, Hsieh CL. 2012. Anti-inflammatory and anticoagulative effects of paeonol on LPS-induced acute lung injury in rats. Evid Based Comple Alt Med. 2012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganie SA, Zargar BA, Masood A, Zargar MA. 2013. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of rhizome of Podophyllum hexandrum against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Biomed Env Sci. 26:209–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Canaveras JC, Castell JV, Donato MT, Lahoz A. 2016. A metabolomics cell-based approach for anticipating and investigating drug-induced liver injury. Sci Rep. 6:27239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gawlik-Dziki U, Swieca M, Sułkowski M, Dziki D, Baraniak B, Czyz J. 2013. Antioxidant and anticancer activities of Chenopodium quinoa leaves extracts–in vitro study. Food Chem Toxicol. 57:154–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WBC. 1974. Glutathione-S transferases: the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem. 249:7130–7139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han Y, Cui Z, Li YH, Hsu WH, Lee BH. 2015. In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of pardaxin against proliferation and growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mar Drugs. 14:2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanlon N, Okpara A, Coldham N, Sauer MJ, Ioannides C. 2008. Modulation of rat hepatic and pulmonary cytochromes P450 and phase II enzyme systems by erucin, an isothiocyanate structurally related to sulforaphane. J Agric Food Chem. 56:7866–7871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang J, Jin MS, Suo J, Wang YP, He L, Cao XY. 2012. Evaluation of malignancy using Ki-67, p53, EGFR and COX-2 expressions in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. World J Gastroenterol. 18:2569–2575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang ZY, Hunt JV, Wolff SP. 1992. Ferrous ion oxidation in the presence of xylenol orange for detection of lipid hydroperoxides in low-density lipoprotein. Anal Biochem. 202:384–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakkar P, Das B, Viswanathan PN. 1984. A modified spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase. Ind J Biochem Biophys. 21:130–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li N, Fan LL, Sun GP, Wan XA, Wang ZG, Wu Q, Wang H. 2010. Paeonol inhibits tumor growth in gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. World J Gastroenterol. 16:4483–4490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu MH, Lin AH, Lee HF, Ko HK, Lee TS, Kou YR. 2014. Paeonol attenuates cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation by inhibiting ROS-sensitive inflammatory signaling. Mediat Inflam. 2012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Ji Q, Ye N, Sui H, Zhou L, Zhu H, Fan Z, Cai J, Li Q. 2015. Berberine inhibits invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells via COX-2/PGE2 mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. PLoS One. 10:e0123478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 193:265–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyzogubov V, Khozhaenko Y, Usenko V, Antonjuk S, Ovcharenko G, Marsden VS, Kaufmann T, Oreilly LA, Adams JM, Strasser A. 2006. Apaf-1 and caspase-9 are required for cytokine withdrawal-induced apoptosis of mast cells but dispensable for their functional and clonogenic death. Blood. 107:1872–1877.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsden VS, Kaufmann T, O’reilly LA, Adams JM, Strasser A. 2006. Apaf-1 and caspase-9 are required for cytokine withdrawal-induced apoptosis of mast cells but dispensable for their functional and clonogenic death. Blood. 107:1872–1877.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzari AL, Prieto JM. 2015. Corrigendum: herbal medicines in Brazil: pharmacokinetic profile and potential herb-drug interactions. Front Pharmacol. 5:162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mimura K, Baba S. 2001. Determination of paeonol metabolites in man by the use of stable isotopes. Chem Pharm Bull. 29:2043–2050.
   Google Scholar
• Mittal M, Siddiqui MR, Tran K, Reddy SP, Malik AB. 2014. Reactive oxygen species in inflammation and tissue injury. Antiox Redox Signal. 20:1126–1167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neely WC, Martin M, Barker SA. 1988. Products and relative reaction rates of the oxidation of tocopherols with singlet molecular oxygen. Photochem Photobiol. 48:423–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. 1979. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 95:351–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omura T, Sato R. 1964. The carbon monoxide binding pigment of liver microsomes: phase I evidence for its hemoprotein nature. J Biol Chem. 239:2370–2378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onwurah INE. 1999. Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in A. vinelandi exposed to mercury, silver, crude oil and fenton reagent. J Toxic Subs. 18:167–176.
   Google Scholar
• Outinho-Camillo CM, Lourenco SV, Nishimoto IN, Kowalski LP, Soares FA. 2011. Caspase expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 33:1191–1198.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Packer L, Landvik S. 1989. Vitamin E-introduction to its biochemistry and health benefits. NY Acad Sci. 570:1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paglia DE, Valentin WN. 1967. Studies on quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte gluatathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med. 95:351–358.
   Google Scholar
• Palan PR, Mikhail MS, Basu J, Romney SL. 1991. Plasma levels of antioxidant beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol in uterine cervix dysplasias and cancer. Nutr Cancer. 15:13–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Racchi ML. 2013. Antioxidant defenses in plants with attention to Prunus and Citrus spp. Antioxidants Basel. 2:340–369.
   Google Scholar
• Rahal A, Kumar A, Singh V, Yadav B, Tiwari R, Chakraborty S, Dhama K. 2014. Oxidative stress, pro-oxidants and antioxidants: the interplay. Biomed Res Int. 2014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao KS, Recknagel RO. 1968. Early onset of lipoperoxidation in rat liver after carbon tetrachloride administration. Exp Mol Pathol. 9:271–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro FC, Silva JCP, Santos JL, Pontes KCS. 2004. Diagnóstico da pneumonia enzoótica suína pela técnica da immunoperoxidase. Arq Bras Med Zootec. 56:709–714.
   Google Scholar
• Sahoo HB, Santani DD, Sagar R. 2014. Chemopreventive potential of Apiumleptophyllum (Pers.) against DMBA induced skin carcinogenesis model by modulatory influence on biochemical and antioxidant biomarkers in Swiss mice. Indian J Pharmacol. 46:531–537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkar FH, Adsule S, Li Y, Padhye S. 2007. Back to the future: COX-2 inhibitors for chemoprevention and cancer therapy. Mini Rev Med Chem. 7:599–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seethalakshmi C. 2013. Early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)–role of genetics: a literature review. J Clin Diagn Res. 7:1824–1826.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shklar G, Schwartz JL. 1996. Vitamin E inhibits experimental carcinogenesis and tumour angiogenesis. Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol. 32:114–119.
   Google Scholar
• Sinha AK. 1972. Colorimetric assay of catalase. Anal Biochem. 47:389–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulfikkarali N, Krishnakumar N, Manoharan S. 2013. Chemopreventive efficacy of naringenin-loaded nanoparticles in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced experimental oral carcinogenesis. Pathol Oncol Res. 19:287–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun GP, Wang H, Xu SP, Shen YX, Wu Q, Chen ZD, Wei W. 2008. Anti-tumor effects of paeonol in a HepA-hepatoma bearing mouse model via induction of tumor cell apoptosis and stimulation of IL-2 and TNF-α production. Eur J Pharmacol. 584:246–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson HI, Njar VC, Yu Z, Castro DJ, Gonzalez FJ, Williams DE, Huang Y, Kong AN, Doloff JC, Ma J, et al. 2010. Targeting drug-metabolizing enzymes for effective chemoprevention and chemotherapy. Drug Metab Disp. 38:539–544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas SA, Sethupathy S. 2015. Evaluation of oxidative stress in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Pharm Biol Sci. 6:289–293.
   Google Scholar
• Tsujii M, Kawano S, Tsuji S, Sawaoka H, Hori M, DuBois RN. 1998. Cyclo-oxygenase regulates angiogenesis induced by colon cancer cells. Cell. 93:705–716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vahora H, Khan MA, Alalami U, Hussain A. 2016. The potential role of nitric oxide in halting cancer progression through chemoprevention. J Cancer Prev. 21:1–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vigneswaran N, Williams MD. 2014. Epidemiologic trends in head and neck cancer and aids in diagnosis. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin No Am. 26:123–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinothkumar V, Manoharan S. 2011. Chemopreventive efficacy of geraniol against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Redox Rep. 16:91–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Quinn P. 1999. Vitamin E and its function in membranes. Prog Lipid Res. 38:309–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Ahmad A, Li Y, Banerjee S, Kong D, Sarkar FH. 2010. Forkhead box M1 transcription factor: a novel target for cancer therapy. Cancer Treat Rev. 36:151–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf G. 2005. The discovery of the antioxidant function of vitamin E: the contribution of Henry A. Mattill. J Nutr. 135:363–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu WY, Wang YP. 2012. Pharmacological actions and therapeutic applications of Salvia miltiorrhiza depside salt and its active components. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 33:1119–1130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing G, Zhang Z, Liu J, Hu H, Sugiura N. 2010. Antitumor effect of extracts from moutan cortex on DLD-1 human colon cancer cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep. 1:57–61.
   Google Scholar
• Xu C, Li CY, Kong AN. 2005. Induction of phase I, II and III drug metabolism/transport by xenobiotics. Arch Pharm Res. 28:249–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu-Monette ZY, Medeiros LJ, Li Y, Orlowski RZ, Andreeff M, Bueso-Ramos CE, Greiner TC, McDonnell TJ, Young KH. 2012. Dysfunction of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene in lymphoid malignancies. Blood. 119:3668–3683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yagi K. 1970. Lipid peroxides and human diseases. Chem Phys Lipids. 45:337–351.
   Google Scholar
• Yang K, Zhang G, Mei J, Chen D, Wu M. 2010. Screening and analysis of pathogenic genes during DMBA-induced buccal mucosa carcinogenesis in golden hamsters. Oncol Rep. 23:1619–1624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar