The Effect of Hysterectomy on Sexual Functioning

References

• Alexander , D. A. , Naij , A. Atherton , Pinion , S. B. , Mollison , J. , Kitchener , H. C. Parkin , D. E. 1996 . Randomized trial comparing hysterectomy with endometrial ablation for dysfunctional uterine bleeding: psychiatric and psychosocial aspects . British Medical Journal , 312 : 280 – 284 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apperloo , M. J. , van Der Stege , J. G. , Hoek , A. and Schultz , W. C. Weijmar . 2003 . In the mood for sex: The value of androgens . Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy , 29 : 87 – 102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bancroft , J. , Loftus , J. L. and Long , J. S. 2003 . Distress about sex: A national survey of women in heterosexual relationships . Archives of Sexual Behavior , 23 : 193 – 208 .
   Google Scholar
• Basson , R. 2003 . Commentary on “In the mood for sex”—the value of androgens . Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy , 29 : 177 – 179 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , A. , Rial , W. and Rickels , K. 1974 . Short form of depression inventory: Cross validation . Psychological Reports , 34 : 1184 – 1186 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellerose , S. B. and Binik , Y. M. 1993 . Body image and sexuality in oophorectomized women . Archives of Sexual Behavior , 22 : 435 – 459 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benruby , G. I. 1988 . History of hysterectomy . Journal of the Florida Medical Association , 75 : 533 – 538 .
   Google Scholar
• Berard , E. J. J. 1989 . The sexuality of spinal cord injured women: Physiology and pathophysiology. A review . Paraplegia , 27 : 99112
   Google Scholar
• Bergmark , K. , Avall-Lundqvist , E. , Dickman , P. W. , Henningsohn , L. and Steineck , G. 1999 . Vaginal changes and sexuality in women with a history of cervical cancer . New England Journal of Medicine , 340 : 1383 – 1389 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berman , L. , Berman , J. , Felder , S. , Pollets , D. , Chhabra , S. Miles , M. 2003 . Seeking help for sexual function complaints: What gynecologists need to know about the female patient's experience . Fertility & Sterility , 79 : 572 – 576 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler-Manuel , S. A. , Buttery , L. D. K. , A'Hern , R. P. , Polak , J. M. and Barton , D. P. J. 2000 . Pelvic nerve plexus trauma at radical hysterectomy and simple hysterectomy: The nerve content of the uterine supporting ligaments . Cancer , 89 : 834 – 841 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattanach , J. 1985 . Oestrogen deficiency after tubal ligation . Lancet , 1 : 847 – 849 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman , J. D. 1979 . Sexuality—the mature or childbearing years and the effect of gynecologic surgery . Journal of the American Osteopathic Association , 78 : 509 – 514 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coppen , A. , Bishop , M. , Beard , R. J. , Barnard , G. J. R. and Collins , W. P. 1981 . Hysterectomy, hormones, and behaviour. A prospective study . Lancet , 1 : 126 – 128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulter , A. , Bradlow , J. , Agass , M. , Martin-Bases , C. and Tulloch , A. 1991 . Outcomes of referrals to gynaecologic outpatient clinics for menstrual problems: An audit of general practice records . British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 98 : 789 – 796 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Darling , C. A. and McKay-Smith , Y. M. 1993 . Understanding hysterectomies: Sexual satisfaction and quality of life . The Journal of Sex Research , 30 : 324 – 335 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennerstein , L. , Wood , C. and Burrows , G. D. 1977 . Sexual response following hysterectomy and oophorectomy . Obstetrics & Gynecology , 49 : 92 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Health . 1999 . Hospital episode statistics , London : Elephant & Castle .
   Google Scholar
• Derogatis , L. R. 1997 . The Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning (DISF/DISF-R): An introductory report . Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy , 23 : 291 – 296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eltzschig , H. K. , Lieberman , E. S. and Camann , W. R. 2003 . Regional anesthesia and analgesia for labor and delivery . New England Journal of Medicine , 348 : 319 – 332 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EuroQol Group . 1990 . EuroQuol—a new facility for the treatment of health-related quality of life . Health Policy , 16 : 199 – 208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewert , B. , Slangen , T. and van Herendael , B. 1995 . Sexuality after laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy . Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists , 3 : 27 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Farquhar , C. M. and Steiner , C. A. 2002 . Hysterectomy rates in the United States 1990–1997 . Obstetrics & Gynecology , 99 : 229 – 234 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrell , S. A. and Kieser , K. 2000 . Sexuality after hysterectomy . Obstetrics & Gynecology , 95 : 1045 – 1051 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gimbel , H. , Settnes , A. and Tabor , A. 2001 . Hysterectomy on benign indication in Denmark 1988–1998: A register based trend analysis . Acta obstetrica et gynecologica Scandinavica , 80 : 267 – 272 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasson , H. M. 1993 . Cervical removal at hysterectomy for benign disease: Risks and benefits . Journal of Reproductive Medicine , 38 : 781 – 790 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hays , R. , Sherbourne , C. and Mazel , R. 1993 . The RAND 36-item health survey 1.0 . Health Economics , 2 : 217 – 227 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Helström , L. , Lundberg , P. O. , Sörbom , D. and Bäckström , T. 1993 . Sexuality after hysterectomy: A factor analysis of women's sexual lives before and after subtotal hysterectomy . Obstetrics & Gynecology , 81 : 357 – 362 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helström , L. , Sörbom , D. and Bäckström , T. 1995 . Influence of partner relationship on sexuality after subtotal hysterectomy . Acta obstetrica et gynecologica Scandinavica , 47 : 142 – 146 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbert , A. 2000 . Cervical screening in England and Wales: Its effect has been underestimated . Cytopathology , 11 : 471 – 479 .
   Google Scholar
• Höckel , M. , Konerding , M. A. and Heussel , C. P. 1998 . Liposuction-assisted nerve-sparing extended radical hysterectomy: Oncologic rationale, surgical anatomy, and feasibility study . American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology , 178 : 971 – 976 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoyle , C. H. V. , Stones , R. W. , Robson , T. , Whitley , K. and Burnstock , G. 1996 . Innervation of vasculature and microvasculature of the human vagina by NOS and neuropeptide-containing nerves . Journal of Anatomy , 188 : 633 – 644 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurskainen , R. , Teperi , J. , Rissanen , P. , Aalto , A. , Grenman , S. Kivelä , A. 2001 . Quality of life and cost-effectiveness of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system versus hysterectomy for treatment of menorrhagia: A randomised trial . Lancet , 357 : 273 – 277 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jewett , J. F. 1952 . Vaginal length and incidence of dyspareunia following total abdominal hysterectomy . American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology , 63 : 400 – 407 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johns , A. 1997 . Supracervical versus total hysterectomy . Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology , 40 : 903 – 913 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaiser , R. , Kusche , M. and Wurz , H. 1989 . Hormone levels in women after hysterectomy . Archives of Gynecology & Obstetrics , 244 : 169 – 173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz , A. 2002 . Sexuality after hysterectomy . Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing 2002 , 31 : 256 – 262 .
   Google Scholar
• Kilkku , P. 1983 . Supravaginal uterine amputation vs. hysterectomy. Effects on coital frequency and dyspareunia . Acta obstetrica et gynecologica Scandinavica , 62 : 141 – 145 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilkku , P. 1985 . Supravaginal uterine amputation versus hysterectomy with reference to subjective bladder symptoms and incontinence . Acta obstetrica et gynecologica Scandinavica , 64 : 375 – 379 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilkku , P. and Gronroos , M. 1982 . Preoperative electrocoagulation of endocervical mucosa and later carcinoma of the cervical stump . Acta obstetrica et gynecologica Scandinavica , 62 : 265 – 267 .
   Google Scholar
• Kilkku , P. , Gronroos , M. , Hirvonen , T. and Rauramo , L. 1983 . Supravaginal uterine amputation vs hysterectomy: Effects on libido and orgasm . Acta obstetrica et gynecologica Scandinavica , 62 : 147 – 152 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjerulff , K. H. , Langenberg , P. W. , Rhodes , J. C. , Harvey , L. A. , Guzinski , G. M. and Stolley , P. D. 2000 . Effectiveness of hysterectomy . Obstetrics & Gynecology , 95 : 319 – 326 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumazawa , T. 1986 . Sensory innervation of reproductive organs . Progress in Brain Research , 67 : 115 – 131 .
   Google Scholar
• Laan , E. , Everaerd , W. and Evers , A. 1995 . Assessment of female sexual arousal: Response specificity and construct validity . Psychophysiology , 32 : 476 – 485 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laan , E. , Everaerd , W. , van Bellen , G. and Hanewald , G. 1994 . Women's sexual and emotional responses to male- and female-produced erotica . Archives of Sexual Behavior , 23 : 153 – 170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lalinec-Michaud , M. and Engelsmann , F. 1985 . Anxiety, fears and depression related to hysterectomy . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 30 : 44 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laughlin , G. A. , Barret-Connor , F. , Kritz-Silverstein , D. and von Muhlen , D. 2000 . Hysterectomy, oophorectomy and endogenous sex hormone levels in older women: The Rancho Bernardo study . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 85 : 645 – 651 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laumann , E. O. , Paik , A. and Rosen , R. C. 1999 . Sexual dysfunctions in the United States: Prevalence and predictors . Journal of the American Medical Association , 281 : 537 – 544 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepine , L. A. , Hillis , S. D. , Marchbanks , P. A. , Koonin , L. M. , Morrow , B. Kieke , B. A. 1997 . Hysterectomy surveillance—United States, 1980–1993 . MMWR CDC Surveillance Summaries , 46 : 1 – 15 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levin , R. J. 1980 . The physiology of female sexual function in women . Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology , 7 : 213 – 252 .
   Google Scholar
• Levin , R. J. and Macdonagh , R. P. 1993 . Increased vaginal blood flow induced by implant electrical stimulation of sacral anterior roots in a conscious woman: A case study . Archives of Sexual Behavior , 22 : 471 – 475 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maas , C. P. , DeRuiter , M. C. , Kenter , G. G. and Trimbos , J. B. 1999 . The inferior hypogastric plexus in gynecologic surgery . Journal of Gynecological Techniques , 5 : 55 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Maas , C. P. , Kenter , G. G. and Trimbos , J. B. 2003 . Outcomes after total versus subtotal abdominal hysterectomy [Letter to the Editor] . New England Journal of Medicine , 348 : 856 – 857 .
   Google Scholar
• Maas , K. , Moriya , Y. , Kenter , G. , Trimbos , B. and van de Velde , C. 1999 . A plea for preservation of the pelvic autonomic nerves . Lancet , 354 : 772 – 773 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin , R. L. , Roberts , W. V. and Clayton , P. J. 1980 . Psychiatric status after hysterectomy. A one-year prospective follow-up . Journal of the American Medical Association , 244 : 350 – 353 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCoy , N. L. 1994 . “ Survey research on the menopause and women's sexuality ” . In The modern management of the menopause: A perspective for the 21st century , Edited by: Berg , G. and Hammer , M. 581 – 588 . Lancaster , , England : Parthenon .
   Google Scholar
• Meston , C. M. 2000 . The psychophysiological assessment of female sexual function . Journal of Sex Education and Therapy , 25 : 6 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Mol , B. W. , Bongers , M. Y. and Brolmann , H. A. M. 2001 . Treatment of menorrhagia [Letter to the Editor] . Lancet , 357 : 1886 – 1887 .
   Google Scholar
• Munday , R. N. and Cox , L. W. 1967 . Hysterectomy for benign lesions . Medical Journal of Australia , 21 : 759 – 763 .
   Google Scholar
• Oldenhave , A. , Jaszmann , L. J. B. , Everaerd , W. and Haspels , A. A. 1993 . Hysterectomized women with ovarian conservation report more severe climacteric complaints than do normal climacteric women of similar age . American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology , 168 : 765 – 771 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto , I. , Chimeno , P. , Romo , A. , Paul , L. , Haya , J. de la Cal , M. A. 2003 . Uterine fibroids: Uterine artery embolization versus abdominal hysterectomy for treatment. A prospective, randomized, and controlled clinical trial . Radiology , 226 : 425 – 431 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poad , D. and Arnold , E. P. 1994 . Sexual function after pelvic surgery in women . Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 34 : 471 – 474 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Polivy , J. 1974 . Psychological reactions to hysterectomy: A critical review . American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology , 118 : 417 – 426 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Possover , M. , Stober , S. , Plaul , K. and Schneider , A. 2000 . Identification and preservation of the motoric innervation of the bladder in radical hysterectomy type III . Gyneacologic Oncology 2000 , 79 : 154 – 157 .
   Google Scholar
• Quirk , F. H. , Heiman , J. R. , Rosen , R. C. , Laan , E. , Smith , M. D. and Boolell , M. 2002 . Development of a sexual function questionnaire for clinical trials of female sexual dysfunction . Journal of Women's Health and Gender Based Medicine , 11 : 277 – 289 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rhodes , J. C. , Kjerulff , K. H. , Langenberg , P. W. and Guzinski , G. M. 1999 . Hysterectomy and sexual functioning . Journal of the American Medical Association , 282 : 1934 – 1941 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards , D. H. 1973 . Depression after hysterectomy . Lancet , 2 : 430 – 433 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roovers , J. P. , van der Bom , J. G. , van der Vaart , C. H. and Heintz , A. P. 2003 . Hysterectomy and sexual well-being: Prospective observational study of vaginal hysterectomy, subtotal abdominal hysterectomy, and total abdominal hysterectomy . British Medical Journal , 327 : 774 – 778 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen , R. C. 2002 . Assessment of female sexual dysfunction: Review of validated methods . Fertility & Sterility , 77 ( Suppl. 4 ) : 89 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen , R. C. , Brown , C. , Heiman , J. , Leiblum , S. , Meston , C. Shabsigh , R. 2000 . The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): A multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function . Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy , 26 : 191 – 208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozenman , D. and Janssen , E. 2000 . Sexual function after hysterectomy (Letter to the Editor) . Journal of the American Medical Association , 283 : 2238 – 2239 .
   Google Scholar
• Segraves , R. T. and Segraves , K. B. 1993 . “ Medical aspects of orgasm disorders ” . In Handbook of sexual dysfunctions. Assessment and treatment , Edited by: O'Donohue , W. and Geer , J. H. 225 – 252 . Boston : Allyn & Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Sessums , J. V. and Murphy , D. P. 1933 . The influence of endometrium upon the rabbit ovary after hysterectomy . Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics , 56 : 600
   Google Scholar
• Shifren , J. L. , Braunstein , G. D. , Simon , J. A. , Casson , P. R. , Buster , J. E. Redmond , G. P. 2000 . Transdermal testosterone treatment in women with impaired sexual function after hysterectomy . New England Journal of Medicine , 343 : 682 – 688 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddle , N. , Sarrel , P. and Whitehead , M. 1987 . The effect of hysterectomy on the age at ovarian failure: Identification of a subgroup of women with premature loss of ovarian function and literature review . Fertility & Sterility , 47 : 94 – 100 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sills , E. S. , Saini , J. , Steiner , C. A. , McGee , M. III and Gretz , H. F. III . 1998 . Abdominal hysterectomy practice patterns in the United States . International Journal of Gynaecology & Obstetrics , 63 : 277 – 283 .
   Google Scholar
• Sintchak , G. and Geer , J. H. 1975 . A vaginal photoplethysmograph system . Psychophysiology , 12 : 113 – 115 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spielberger , C. , Gorsuch , R. and Lushene , R. 1970 . STAI manual for state-trait anxiety inventory , Palo Alto , CA : Consulting Psychologists Press .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , J. E. , Rosen , R. C. and Leiblum , S. R. 1994 . Self-report assessment of female sexual function: Psychometric evaluation of the Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women (BISF-W) . Archives of Sexual Behavior , 23 : 627 – 643 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thakar , R. , Ayers , S. , Clarkson , P. , Stanton , S. and Manyonda , I. 2002 . Outcomes after total versus subtotal abdominal hysterectomy . New England Journal of Medicine , 347 : 1318 – 1325 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thakar , R. , Manyonda , I. , Stanton , S. L. , Clarkson , P. and Robinson , G. 1997 . Bladder, bowel and sexual function after hysterectomy for benign conditions . British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , 104 : 983 – 987 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trimbos , J. B. , Maas , C. P. , DeRuiter , M. C. , Peters , A. A. W. and Kenter , G. G. 2001 . A nerve sparing radical hysterectomy: Guidelines and feasibility in Western patients . International Journal of Gynecological Cancer , 11 : 180 – 186 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virtanen , H. S. , Makinen , J. I. and Kiilholma , P. J. 1995 . Conserving the cervix at hysterectomy . British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , 102 : 587
   Google Scholar
• Virtanen , H. , Makinen , J. , Tenho , T. , Kiilholma , P. , Pitkanen , Y. and Hirvonen , T. 1993 . Effects of abdominal hysterectomy on urinary and sexual symptoms . British Journal of Urology , 72 : 868 – 872 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vroege , J. A. 1994 . Vragenlijst voor het signaleren van Seksuele Dysfuncties (VSD), , 5th ed. , Utrecht , , Netherlands : AZU/NISSO . [Questionnaire for screening sexual dysfunctions (QSD)]
   Google Scholar
• Wiklund , I. , Karlberg , J. and Mattsson , L. A. 1993 . Quality of life of postmenopausal women on a regimen of transdermal estradiol therapy: A double-blind placebo-controlled study . American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology , 168 : 824 – 830 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zekam , N. , Oyelese , Y. , Goodwin , K. , Colin , C. , Sinai , I. and Queenan , J. T. 2003 . Total versus subtotal hysterectomy: A survey of gynecologists . Obstetrics & Gynecology , 102 : 301 – 305 .
   Google Scholar