Application of Perception-Promotion Matrix Model—The Case of Kaohsiung City

REFERENCES

• Alberty , S. and Mihalik , B. 1989 . The use of importance-performance analysis as an evaluative technique in adult education . Evaluation Review , 13 ( 1 ) : 33 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , E. W. and Mittal , V. 2000 . Strengthening the satisfaction-profit chain . Journal of Service Research , 3 ( 2 ) : 107 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Bacon , D. R. 2003 . A comparison of approaches to importance-performance analysis . International Journal of Market Research , 45 ( 1 ) : 55 – 71 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baloglu , S. and McCleary , K. W. 1999 . A model of destination image formation . Annals of Tourism Research , 26 ( 4 ) : 868 – 897 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barger, J. (1999). Weblog resources FAQ. http://www.robotwisdom.com/weblogs/ (http://www.robotwisdom.com/weblogs/)
   Google Scholar
• Beerli , A. and Martin , J. D. 2004 . Factors influencing destination image . Annals of Tourism Research , 31 ( 3 ) : 657 – 681 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blog. (2010). In Merriam-Webster's online dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blog (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blog)
   Google Scholar
• Bonn , M. A. , Furr , H. L. and Susskind , A. M. 1999 . Predicting a behavioral profile for pleasure travelers on the basis of internet use segmentation . Journal of Travel Research , 37 : 333 – 340 .
   Google Scholar
• Boulding , K. E. 1956 . The image , Ann Arbor : MI: The University of Michigan Press .
   Google Scholar
• Boyatsis , R. E. 1998 . Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Brey , E. T. , So , S. I. , Kim , D. Y. and Morrison , A. M. 2007 . Web-based permission marketing: Segmentation for the lodging industry . Tourism Management , 28 ( 6 ) : 1408 – 1416 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryman , A. and Burgess , R. G. 1994 . “ Reflections of qualitative data analysis ” . In Analysing qualitative data , Edited by: Bryman , A. and Burgess , R. G. London , , United Kingdom : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Burns , A. C. 1986 . Generating marketing strategy priorities based on relative competitive position . Journal of Consumer Marketing , 3 ( 3 ) : 49 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Burns , T. Using importance–performance analysis to measure the opinions of national park concessioners . Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Tourism Research:Expanding Boundaries . Montreal , QC , Canada. Travel and Tourism Research Association .
   Google Scholar
• Carson , D. 2005 . “ An overview of developing regional tourism using information communications technology ” . In Encyclopedia of developing regional communities with information and communication technology , Edited by: Marshall , S. , Taylor , W. and Yu , X. Hershey , PA : Idea Group .
   Google Scholar
• Chen, H. T., & Chang, C. P. (2003). Blogs and education. http://www.being.org.cn/theory/blog-and-et.htm (http://www.being.org.cn/theory/blog-and-et.htm)
   Google Scholar
• Cheng , M. Y. 2004 . A study on the city image of Kaohsiung City—A case study of Love River (Unpublished master's thesis) , Kaohsiung City , Taiwan : National Sun Yat-sen University .
   Google Scholar
• Chiang , P. Y. 2006 . Urban tourism and urban regeneration in an industrial city from residents' perspectives: The case of Kaohsiung (Unpublished master's thesis) , Kaohsiung City , Taiwan : National Kaohsiung Hospitality College .
   Google Scholar
• Choi , S. , Lehto , X. Y. and Morrison , A. M. 2007 . Destination image representation on the web: Content analysis of Macau travel related website . Tourism Management , 28 ( 1 ) : 118 – 129 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chuang , S. T. 2004 . The factors influencing the destination image of Kaohsiung City—In foreign tourists' points of view (Unpublished master's thesis) , Kaohsiung City , Taiwan : National Sun Yat-sen University .
   Google Scholar
• Creswell , J. W. 1998 . Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions , London , , United Kingdom : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Crompton , J. L. 1979 . An assessment of the image of Mexico as a vacation destination and the influence of geographical location upon that image . Journal of Travel Research , 18 ( 4 ) : 18 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Crompton , J. L. and Duray , N. A. 1985 . An investigation of the relative efficacy of four alternative approaches to importance-performance analysis . Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science , 13 ( 4 ) : 69 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Crotts , J. C. , Mason , P. R. and Davis , B. 2009 . Measuring guest satisfaction and competitive position in the hospitality and tourism industry: An application of stance-shift analysis to travel blog narratives . Journal of Travel Research , 48 ( 2 ) : 139 – 151 . doi: 10.1177/0047287508328795
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dave, S. (2007, June 4). State of the blogosphere [Web log post]. http://technorati.com/weblog/blogosphere/ (http://technorati.com/weblog/blogosphere/)
   Google Scholar
• Department of Information, Kaohsiung City Government. (2004). The map to admire the full moon. http://kaohsiungwalking.kcg.gov.tw/chinese/epaper/files/200417/gogo.htm (http://kaohsiungwalking.kcg.gov.tw/chinese/epaper/files/200417/gogo.htm)
   Google Scholar
• Department of Information, Kaohsiung City Government. (2007). Brand new image of a harbor city. http://kaohsiungwalking.kcg.gov.tw/chinese/epaper/files/94new/no44/ (http://kaohsiungwalking.kcg.gov.tw/chinese/epaper/files/94new/no44/)
   Google Scholar
• Dolinsky , A. L. 1991 . Considering the competition in strategy development: An extension of importance-performance analysis . Journal of Health Care Marketing , 11 ( 1 ) : 31 – 36 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dolinsky , A. L. and Caputo , R. K. 1991 . Adding a competitive dimension to importance-performance analysis: An application to traditional health care systems . Health Care Marketing Quarterly , 8 ( 3–4 ) : 61 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Draper , D. and Minca , C. 1997 . Image and destination: A geographical approach applied to Banff National Park . The Tourist Review , 52 ( 2 ) : 14 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Driscoll , A. , Lawson , R. and Niven , B. 1994 . Measuring tourist destination perceptions . Annals of Tourism Research , 21 ( 3 ) : 499 – 511 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duke , C. R. and Persia , M. A. 1996 . Performance-importance analysis of escorted tour evaluations . Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing , 5 : 207 – 223 .
   Google Scholar
• Echtner , C. and Ritchie , J. 1991 . The meaning and measurement of destination image . The Journal of Tourism Studies , 2 ( 2 ) : 2 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Echtner , C. and Ritchie , J. 1993 . The measurement of destination image: An empirical assessment . Journal of Travel Research , 31 ( 4 ) : 3 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Embacher , J. and Buttle , F. 1989 . A repertory grid analysis of Austria's image as a summer vacation destination . Journal of Travel Research , 27 ( 3 ) : 3 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Engle , J. F. , Blackwell , R. D. and Miniard , P. W. 1990 . Consumer behavior , Chicago , IL : Dryden Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ennew , C. T. , Reed , G. V. and Binks , M. R. 1993 . Importance-performance analysis and the measurement of service quality . European Journal of Marketing , 27 : 59 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , M. R. and Chon , K. S. 1989 . Formulating and evaluating tourism policy using importance-performance analysis . Hospitality Education and Research Journal , 13 : 203 – 213 .
   Google Scholar
• Fakeye , P. C. and Crompton , J. L. 1991 . Image differences between prospective, first time and repeat visitors to the lower Rio Grande Valley . Journal of Travel Research , 30 ( 2 ) : 10 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Fang , H. C. 2004 . A study on the perceived image and the importance and performance of the recreational quality factors of Kaohsiung City (Unpublished master's thesis) , Kaohsiung City , Taiwan : National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences .
   Google Scholar
• Frias , D. M. , Rodriguez , M. A. and Castaneda , J. A. 2007 . Internet vs. travel agencies on pre-visit destination image formation: An information processing view . Tourism Management , 29 : 163 – 179 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallarza , M. , Saura , I. G. and Garcia , H. C. 2002 . Destination image: Towards a conceptual framework . Annals of Tourism Research , 29 ( 1 ) : 56 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gartner , W. C. 1993 . Image formation process . Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing , 2 ( 2–3 ) : 191 – 215 .
   Google Scholar
• Gartner , W. C. and Hunt , J. D. 1987 . An analysis of state image change over a twelve-year period (1971–1983) . Journal of Travel Research , 26 ( 2 ) : 15 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Go , F. and Zhang , W. 1997 . Applying importance-performance analysis to Beijing as an international meeting destination . Journal of Travel Research , 35 ( 4 ) : 42 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Govers , R. , Go , F. M. and Kumar , K. 2007 . Virtual destination image: A new measurement approach . Annals of Tourism Research , 34 ( 4 ) : 977 – 997 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guadagnolo , F. 1985 . The importance-performance analysis: An evaluation and marketing tool . Journal of Park and Recreation Administration , 3 ( 2 ) : 13 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Gunn , C. A. 1972 . Vacationscape: Designing tourist regions , Austin : University of Texas .
   Google Scholar
• Hawes , J. M. , Kiser , G. E. and Rao , C. P. 1982 . Analyzing the market for planned retirement communities in the Southwest . Baylor Business Studies , 13 : 39 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Hawes , J. M. and Rao , C. P. 1985 . Using importance-performance analysis to develop health care marketing strategies . Journal of Health Care Marketing , 5 ( 4 ) : 19 – 25 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hollenhorst , S. , Olson , D. and Fortney , R. 1992 . Use of importance-performance analysis to evaluate state park cabins: The case of the West Virginia State Park System . Journal of Park and Recreation Administration , 10 : 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Horng , J. S. and Tsai , C. T. 2010 . Government websites for promoting East Asian culinary tourism: A cross-national analysis . Tourism Management , 31 ( 1 ) : 74 – 85 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu, C. H. (2007). The ranking of National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium falls down five positions. http://udn.com/NEWS/DOMESTIC/DOM6/4155186.shtml (http://udn.com/NEWS/DOMESTIC/DOM6/4155186.shtml)
   Google Scholar
• Hsu , C. H. C. , Byun , S. and Yang , I.-S. 1998 . Attitudes of Korean college students towards quick-service, family-style, and fine dining restaurants . Journal of Restaurant & Foodservice Marketing , 2 ( 4 ) : 65 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Huang , C.-Y. , Chou , C.-J and Lin , P.-C. 2010 . Involvement theory in constructing bloggers' intention to purchase travel products . Tourism Management , 31 : 513 – 526 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson , S. and Shephard , G. W. H. 1998 . Measuring service quality at tourist destinations: An application of importance-performance analysis to an alpine ski resort . Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing , 7 : 61 – 77 .
   Google Scholar
• Hunt , J. D. 1975 . Image as a factor in tourism development . Journal of Travel Research , 13 ( 3 ) : 1 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins , O. H. 1999 . Understanding and measuring tourist destination images . International Journal of Tourism Research , 1 ( 1 ) : 1 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Keyt , J. C. , Yavas , U. and Riecken , G. 1994 . Importance-performance analysis: A case study in restaurant positioning . International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management , 22 ( 5 ) : 35 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , H. 2007 . “ Persuasive design of tourism Web sites in the United States ” . In Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Travel and Tourism Research Association , Ljubljana , Slovenia : Travel and Tourism Research Association, July, 2007 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , D. H. , Im , S. and Taylor , C. 2008 . Voluntary self-disclosure of information on the Internet: A multimethod study of the motivations and consequences of disclosing information on blogs . Psychology & Marketing , 25 ( 7 ) : 692 – 710 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis , R. C. 1985 . Getting the most from marketing research [Part V]. Predicting hotel choice: The factors underlying perception . The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly , 26 ( 3 ) : 82 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , R. C. and Chambers , R. E. 1989 . Marketing leadership in hospitality , New York , NY : Van Nostrand Reinhold .
   Google Scholar
• Li , X. and Petrick , J. 2008 . Tourism marketing in an era of paradigm shift . Journal of Travel Research , 46 : 235 – 244 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, K. H. (2004, May 11). You have to know what a blog is [Web log post]. http://jedi.org/blog/archives/003856.html (http://jedi.org/blog/archives/003856.html)
   Google Scholar
• Lin , Y. S. and Huang , J. Y. 2006 . Internet blogs as a tourism marketing medium: A case study . Journal of Business Research , 59 : 1201 – 1205 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litvin , S. W. , Goldsmith , R. E. and Pan , B. 2008 . Electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management . Tourism Management , 29 ( 3 ) : 458 – 468 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo , C. C. 2006 . Analysis of E-commerce business and trend in Taiwan , Taipei , Taiwan : Foreseeing Innovative New Digiservices .
   Google Scholar
• Loda , M. D. , Coleman , B. C. and Backman , K. F. 2009 . Walking in Memphis: Testing one DMO's marketing strategy to Millennials . Journal of Travel Research. Advance online publication. , doi: 10.1177/0047287509336476
   Google Scholar
• Ma, P. C. (2007, September 21). Report: Friends influence the choice of blog platform [Web log post]. http://www.zdnet.com.tw/print/?id=20123996 (http://www.zdnet.com.tw/print/?id=20123996)
   Google Scholar
• Mack , R.W. , Blose , J. and Pan , B. 2008 . Believe it or not: Credibility of blogs in tourism . Journal of Vacation Marketing , 14 ( 2 ) : 133 – 144 .
   Google Scholar
• Mackay , K. J. and Fesenmaier , D. R. 2000 . An exploration of cross-cultural destination image assessment . Journal of Travel Research , 38 ( 4 ) : 417 – 423 .
   Google Scholar
• Martilla , J. A. and James , J.C. 1977 . Importance-performance analysis . Journal of Marketing , 41 ( 1 ) : 77 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , D. , Woodside , A. and Dehuang , N. 2007 . Etic interpreting of naive subjective personal introspections of tourism behavior Analyzing visitors' stories about experiencing, Mumbai, Seoul, Singapore, and Tokyo . International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research , 1 ( 1 ) : 14 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Mason , J. 1994 . “ Linking qualitative and quantitative data analysis ” . In Analyzing qualitative data , Edited by: Bryman , A. and Burgess , R. G. 146 – 172 . London , , UK : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Matzler , K. , Bailom , F. , Hinterhuber , H. , Renzl , B. and Pichler , J. 2004 . The asymmetric relationship between attribute level performance and overall customer satisfaction: A reconsideration of the importance-performance analysis . Industrial Marketing Management , 33 ( 4 ) : 271 – 277 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matzler , K. , Sauerwein , E. and Heischmidt , K. A. 2003 . Importance-performance analysis revisited: The role of the factor structure satisfaction . The Service Industries Journal. , 23 ( 2 ) : 112 – 129 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meethan , K. 1996 . “ Place, image and power: Brighton as resort ” . In The tourist image: Myths and myth making in tourism , Edited by: Selwyn , T. 180 – 196 . Chichester , , United Kingdom : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Mengak , K. K. , Dottavio , F. D. and O'Leary , J. T. 1986 . Use of importance- performance analysis to evaluate a visitor center . Journal of Interpretation , 11 : 1 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Mittal , V. and Katrichis , J.M. 2000 . Distinction between new and loyal customers . Marketing Research , 12 ( Spring ) : 26 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Mittal , V. , Katrichis , J. M. and Kumar , P. 2001 . Attributes performance and customer satisfaction over time: Evidence from two field studies . Journal of Service Marketing , 15 ( 5 ) : 343 – 356 .
   Google Scholar
• Mittal , V. , Ross , W. and Baldasare , P.M. 1998 . The asymmetric impact of negative and positive attribute-level performance on overall satisfaction and repurchase intentions . Journal of Marketing , 62 ( 1 ) : 33 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.O.T.C., Republic of China. (2007). The ranking of container service ports in 2006. http://www.motc.gov.tw/ana/20070515171605_960509r.doc (http://www.motc.gov.tw/ana/20070515171605_960509r.doc)
   Google Scholar
• Moutinho , L. 1987 . Consumer behaviour in Tourism . European Journal of Marketing , 21 ( 10 ) : 5 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nitse , P. S. and Bush , R. P. 1993 . An examination of retail dental practices versus private dental practices using an importance-performance analysis . Health Marketing Quarterly , 11 : 207 – 221 .
   Google Scholar
• Oh , H. 2001 . Revisiting importance-performance analysis . Tourism Management , 22 ( 6 ) : 617 – 627 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver , R. L. 1997 . Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the customer , Boston , MA : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Pan , B. , MacLaurin , T. and Crotts , J. 2007 . Travel blogs and their implications for destination marketing . Journal of Travel Research , 46 ( 1 ) : 35 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Parasuraman , A. , Zeithaml , V. A. and Berry , L. L. 1985 . A conceptual model of service quality and its implications for future research . Journal of Marketing , 49 ( 4 ) : 41 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phelps , A. 1986 . Holiday destination image—The problem of assessment . Tourism Management , 7 ( 3 ) : 168 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Puhringer , S. and Taylor , A. 2008 . A practitioner's report on blogs as a potential sources of destination marketing intelligence . Journal of Vacation Marketing , 14 ( 2 ) : 177 – 187 .
   Google Scholar
• Reilly , M. D. 1990 . Free elicitation of descriptive adjectives for tourism image assessment . Journal of Travel Research , 28 ( 4 ) : 21 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Richards , L. and Richards , T. 1994 . “ From filing cabinet to computer ” . In Analysing qualitative data , Edited by: Bryman , A. and Burgess , R. G. 146 – 172 . London , , United Kingdom : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Sampson , S. E. and Showalter , M. J. 1999 . The performance-importance response function: Observations and implications . The Service Industries Journal , 19 ( 3 ) : 1 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmallegger , D. and Carson , D. 2008 . Blogs in tourism: Changing approaches to information exchange . Journal of Vacation Marketing , 14 ( 2 ) : 99 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Scoble , R. and Israel , S . 2006 . Naked conversations: How blogs are changing the way businesses talk with customers , Hoboken , NJ : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Selwyn , T. 1996 . “ Introduction ” . In The tourist image: Myths and myth making in tourism , Edited by: Selwyn , T. 1 – 32 . Chichester , , United Kingdom : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Steele , R. J. and Fletcher , J. E. 1991 . “ Use of paired management action grids for ease in depicting differences between users' and managers' perceptions of problems ” . In Proceedings of the Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium , Edited by: Vander Stoep , G. A. 122 – 126 . Radnor , PA : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station . (Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-160)
   Google Scholar
• Sternberg , E. 1997 . The iconography of the tourism experience . Annals of Tourism Research , 24 ( 4 ) : 951 – 969 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sternquist Witter , B. 1985 . Attitudes about a resort area: A comparison of tourists and local retailers . Journal of Travel Research , 24 ( 1 ) : 14 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Tasci , A. D. and Gartner , W. C. 2007 . Destination image and its functional relationships . Journal of Travel Research , 45 ( 4 ) : 413 – 425 .
   Google Scholar
• Thevenot , G. 2007 . Blogging as a social media . Tourism and Hospitality Research , 7 ( 3–4 ) : 282 – 289 .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, R. (2002). Reporting the results of a computer-assisted analysis of qualitative research data. Forum Qualitative Sosialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 3(2). http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/2-02/2-02thompson-e.htm (http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/2-02/2-02thompson-e.htm)
   Google Scholar
• Ting , S. C. and Cheng , C. N. 2002 . The asymmetrical and non-linear effects of store quality attributes on customer satisfaction . Total Quality Management , 13 ( 14 ) : 547 – 569 .
   Google Scholar
• Uysal , M. , Howard , G. and Jamrozy , U. 1991 . An application of importance- performance analysis to a ski resort: A case study in North Carolina . Visions in Leisure and Business , 10 : 16 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Woodside , A. G. , Cruickshank , B. F. and Dehuang , N. 2007 . Stories visitors tell about Italian cities as destination icons . Tourism Management , 28 ( 1 ) : 162 – 174 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang , Z. and Gretzel , U. 2010 . Role of social media in online travel information search . Tourism Management , 31 ( 2 ) : 179 – 188 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar