References
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. Methamphetamine: abuse and addiction. Research Report Series.. 2000, http://www.nida.nih.gov/researchreports/methamph/methamph2.html, Accessed November 2001..
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. Conference highlights increasing GHB abuse. Nida Notes.. 2001; 16(2)1–7. http://nida.nih. gov/NIDA_Notes/NNVol16N2/Conference.html
- O'Connell T, Kaye L, Plosay JJ.. Gamma-hydroxybuturate (GHB): a newer drug of abuse. Am Fam Physician. 2000; 62: 2478–2483. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Mattison AM, Ross MW, Wolfson T, Franklin D, San Diego HIV. Neurobehavioral Research Center Group. Circuit party attendance, club drug use and unsafe sex in gay men. J. Subst. Abuse. 2001; 13: 119–126. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Colfax GN, Mansergh G, Guzman R, et al, Drug use and sexual risk behavior among gay and bisexual men who attend circuit parties: a venue-based comparison. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr.. 2001; 28: 373–379. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Roth R, Giarman N.. Natural occurrence of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in mammalian brain. Biochem Pharmacol. 1970; 19: 1087–1092. [CROSSREF]
- Xie X, Smart TG.. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate hyperpolarizes hippocampal neurones by activating GABA B receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1992; 212: 291–294. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Galloway GP, Frederick SL, Staggers FE, Gonzales M, Stalcup A, Smith DE.. Gamma-hydroxybutarate: an emerging drug of abuse that causes physical dependence. Addiction. 1997; 92: 89–96. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Gallimberti L, Canton G, Gentile N.. Gamma hydroxybytyric acid for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Lancet. 1989; 2: 787–789. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Gallimbeti L, Cibin M, Pagnin P.. Gamma hydroxybutyric acid for the treatment of opiate withdrawal syndrome. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1993; 9: 77–81. [CSA]
- Kam PCA, Yoong FFY.. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: an emerging recreational drug. Anaesthesia. 1998; 53: 1195–1198. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Dyer JE.. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate: a health-food product producing coma and seizure-like activity. Am J Emer Med. 1991; 9: 321–324. [CROSSREF]
- Takahara J, Younuki S, Takushiji W.. Stimulatory effects of gamma hydroxybutyric acid on growth hormone and prolactin release in humans. J. Clin. Endocrinol Metabo. 1977; 44: 1014–1016
- Luby S, Jones J, Zalewski A.. GHB use in South Carolina [letter]. Am J Public Health. 1992; 82: 128, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Ingels M, Rangan C, Bellezo J, Clark RF.. Coma and respiratory depression following the ingestion of GHB and its precursors: three cases. J Emerg Med. 2000; 19: 47–50. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Federal Drug Administration. FDA Warns about Products Containing Gamma Butyrolactone or GBL and Asks Companies to Issue a Recall. Washington, DC, Drug Administration. 1999
- Nicholson KL, Balster RL.. GHB: a new and novel drug of abuse. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2001; 63: 1–22. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Drug Enforcement Administration. Placement of gamma-butyrolactone in the List I of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802(340)). Final rule. Federal Register. 2000; 65: 21645–21647
- Centers for Disease Control. Multistate outbreak of poisonings associated with illicit use of gamma hydroxybutyrate. JAMA. 1991; 265: 447–448
- Slaughter L.. Involvements of drugs in sexual assault. J Reprod Med. 2000; 45: 425–430. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Robson P.. Ecstasy and other “party drugs.”. Forbidden Drugs, 2, New York, NY, Oxford Press. 1999; 147
- Zvosec DL, Smith SW, McCutcheon R, Spillane J, Hall BJ, Peacock EA.. Adverse events, including death, associated with the use of 1,4-Butanediol. N Eng J Med.. 2001; 344: 87–94. [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Li J, Stokes SA, Woeckener A.. A tale of novel intoxication: seven cases of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid overdose. Ann Emerg Med. 1998; 31: 723–728. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Harrington RD, Woodward JA, Hooton TM, Horn JR.. Life-threatening interactions between HIV-1 protease inhibitors and the illicit drugs MDMA and gamma-hydroxybutyrate. Arch Intern Med. 1999; 159: 2221–2224. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Hernandez M, McDaniel CH, Costanza CD, Hernandez OJ.. GHB-induced delirium: a case report and review of the literature on gamma hydroxybutyric acid. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1998; 24: 179–183. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Ingels M, Rangan C, Bellezo J, Clark RF.. Coma and respiratory depression following the ingestion of GHB and its precursors: three cases. J. Emerg Med.. 2000; 19: 47–50. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Miotto K, Darakjian J, Basch J, Murray S, Zogg J, Rawson R.. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: patterns of use, effects, and withdrawal. Am. J. Addict. 2001; 10: 232–241. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Community Epidemiology Work Group. Epidemiologic trends in drug abuse. I, Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group NIH Publication No. 00-4529. Bethesda, M., National Institute on Drug Abuse. 1999
- Community Epidemiology Work Group. Epidemiologic trends in drug abuse. Advance Report of the Community Epidemiology Work Group NIH Publication No. 00-4738. Bethesda, Md, National Institute on Drug Abuse. 2000
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. Some facts about Club Drugs. Nida Notes. 2001, http://www.nida.nih.gov/ClubAlert/ClubDrugAlert.html