Reference
- Pal HR, Kumar A. Epidemiology of substance use. In: Rakesh L, editor, Substance use disorders. New Delhi: National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, AllIndia Institute of Medical Sciences; 2005, p. 16–29.
- Dhawan A, Kumar A. Long term treatment of opioid dependence syndrome. In: Rakesh, L, editor, Substance use disorders. New Delhi: National Drug DependenceTreatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences; 2005, p. 79–88.
- Drummond DC. Theories of drug craving, ancient and modern. Addiction. 2001;96(1):33–46. doi:https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.961333.x.
- Leshner AI. Drug addiction research: moving toward the 21st century. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1998;51(1-2):5–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s0376-8716(98)00061-1.
- Van den Brink W, Haasen C. Evidence-based treatment of opioid-dependent patients. Can J Psychiatry. 2006;51(10):635–46. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370605101003.
- Grant JE, Kim SW, Hollander E, Potenza MN. Predicting response to opiate antagonists and placebo in the treatment of pathological gambling. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008;200(4):521–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1235-3.
- Boggio PS, Sultani N, Fecteau S, Merabet L, Mecca T, Pascual-Leone A, Basaglia A, Fregni F. Pascual-Leone, Prefrontal cortex modulation using transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces alcohol craving: a double-blind, sham-controlled study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008;92(1-3):55–60. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.06.011.
- Hanlon CA, Dowdle LT, Austelle CW, DeVries W, Mithoefer O, Badran BW, George MS. What goes up, can come down: novel brain stimulation paradigms may attenuate craving and craving-related neural circuitry in substance dependent individuals. Brain Res. 2015;1628(Pt A):199–209. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2015.02.053.
- London ED, Ernst M, Grant S, Bonson K, Weinstein A. Orbitofrontal cortex and human drug abuse: functional imaging. Cereb Cortex. 2000;10(3):334–42. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/10.3.334.
- Adinoff B. Neurobiologic processes in drug reward and addiction. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2004;12(6):305–20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10673220490910844.
- Ruffini C, Locatelli M, Lucca A, Benedetti F, Insacco C, Smeraldi E. Augmentation effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the orbitofrontal cortex in drug-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder patients: a controlled investigation. Prim Care Compan J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;11(5):226–30. doi:https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.08m00663.
- McClintock SM, Freitas C, Oberman L, Lisanby SH, Pascual-Leone A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation: a neuroscientific probe of cortical function in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2011;70(1):19–27. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.031.
- Huang YZ, Edwards MjRounis E.Bhatia Kp, Rothwell Jc Theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex. Neuron. 2005;20(2):201–6.
- Huang Y-Z, Chen R-S, Rothwell JC, Wen H-Y. The after-effect of human theta burst stimulation is NMDA receptor dependent. Clin Neurophysiol. 2007;118(5):1028–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2007.01.021.
- Shen Y, Cao X, Tan T, Shan C, Wang Y, Pan J, He H, Yuan TF. 10-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex reduces heroin cue craving in long-term addicts. Biol Psychiatry. 2016;80(3):e13–4. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.02.006.
- Sahlem GL, Breedlove J, Taylor JJ, Badran BA, Lauer A, George MS, Brady KT, Borckardt JJ, Back SE, Hanlon CA. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex transcranial magnetic stimulation as a tool to decrease pain and craving in opiate dependent individuals: A pilot study of feasibility and effect size. Brain Stimul: Basic Transl Clin Res Neuromod. 2017;10(2):482. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2017.01.412.
- Hohn A, Leibrock J, Bailey K, Barde YA. Identification and characterization of a novel member of the nerve growth factor/brain-derived neurotrophic factor family. Nature. 1990;344(6264):339–41. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/344339a0.
- Spanagel R, Weiss F. The dopamine hypothesis of reward: past and current status. Trends Neurosci. 1999;22(11):521–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01447-2.
- Ahmadiantehrani S, Barak S, Ron D. GDNF is a novel ethanol-responsive gene in the VTA: implications for the development and persistence of excessive drinking. Addict Biol. 2014;19(4):623–33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12028.
- Lüscher C, Malenka RC. Drug-evoked synaptic plasticity in addiction: from molecular changes to circuit remodeling. Neuron. 2011;69(4):650–63. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2011.01.017.
- Walsh JJ, Friedman AK, Sun H, Heller EA, Ku SM, Juarez B, Burnham VL, Mazei-Robison MS, Ferguson D, Golden SA, et al. Stress and CRF gate neural activation of BDNF in the mesolimbic reward pathway. Nat Neurosci. 2014;17(1):27–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3591.
- Wan L, Xie Y, Su L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang Z. RACK1 affects morphine reward via BDNF. Brain Res. 2011;1416:26–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2011.07.045.
- Heberlein A, Dürsteler-MacFarland KM, Lenz B, Frieling H, Grösch M, Bönsch D, Kornhuber J, Wiesbeck GA, Bleich S, Hillemacher T. Serum levels of BDNF are associated with craving in opiate-dependent patients. J Psychopharmacol. 2011;25(11):1480–4. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881111411332.
- Zhang J, Zhang X, Su H, Tao JYan, Xie Y, Han B, Lu Y, Wei YDan, Sun HWei, Wang Y, et al. Increased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels during opiate withdrawal. Neurosci Lett. 2014;71:61–5. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2014.04.048.
- Camprodon JA, Martínez-Raga J, Alonso-Alonso M, Shih MC, Pascual-Leone A. One session of high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the right prefrontal cortex transiently reduces cocaine craving. Drug Alcohol Depen. 2007;86(1):91–4. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.06.002.
- Eichhammer P, Johann M, Kharraz A, Binder H, Pittrow D, Wodarz N, Hajak G. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation decreases cigarette smoking. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(8):951–3. doi:https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v64n0815.
- Handelsman L, Cochrane KJ, Aronson MJ, Ness R, Rubinstein KJ, Kanof PD. Two new rating scales for opiate withdrawal. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1987;13(3):293–308. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/00952998709001515.
- Franken IHA, Hendriks VM, Van den Brink W. Initial validation of two opiate craving questionnaires the obsessive compulsive drug use scale and the desires for drug questionnaire. Addict Behav. 2002;27(5):675–85. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4603(01)00201-5.
- Mishra BR, Praharaj SK, Katshu MZ, Sarkar S, Nizamie SH. Comparison of anticraving efficacy of right and left repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in alcohol dependence: a randomized double-blind study. JNP. 2015;27(1):e54–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.13010013.
- Sundaram KR, Mohan D, Advani GB, Sharma HK, Bajaj JS. Opioid abuse in a rural community in India. Part I: Epidemiological study. Drug Opioid Depend. 1984;14(1):27–36. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-8716(84)90016-4.
- Nauczyciel C, L, Jeune F, Naudet F, Douabin S, Esquevin A, Vérin M, Dondaine T, Robert G, Drapier D, Millet B. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the orbitofrontal cortex for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a double-blind, crossover study. Transl Psychiatry. 2014; 4(9):e436–e436. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2014.62.
- Li X, Malcolm RJ, Huebner K, Hanlon CA, Taylor JJ, Brady KT, George MS, See RE. Low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex transiently increases cue-induced craving for methamphetamine: A preliminary study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;133(2):641–6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.012.
- Miquel Bioque KS, Mac-Dowell CF, Meseguer A, Macau E, Garcia-Orellana M, Valentí M, Leza JC, Bernardo M. Acute effects of a session of electroconvulsive therapy on brain-derived neurotrophic factor plasma levels. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Engl Ed). 2020 Jul 13. Online ahead of print. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.05.011.
- Sorri A, Järventausta K, Kampman O, Lehtimäki K, Björkqvist M, Tuohimaa K, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen E, Leinonen E. Effect of electroconvulsive therapy on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in patients with major depressive disorder. Brain Behav. 2018;8(11):e01101. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1101.
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed., American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
- Faber J, Fonseca LM. How sample size influences research outcomes. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014; 19(4):27–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.19.4.027-029.ebo.
- Mahoney JJ, Marshalek PJ, Rezai AR, Lander LR, Berry JH, Haut MW. A case report illustrating the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cue-induced craving in an individual with opioid and cocaine use disorder. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2020;28(1):1–5. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000289.
- Sarkar S, Jain R, Kethawath SM, Gupta R, Kumar M, Serum BDNF levels in patients with opioid dependence during the early withdrawal period: A case control study. Neurosci Lett. 2018;681:100–4. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.048.
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). World drug report 2005. Vienna: United Nation publications; 2011.
- Liu X, Zhao X, Liu T, Liu Q, Tang L, Zhang H, Luo W, Daskalakis ZJ, Yuan T-F. The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cue-induced craving in male patients with heroin use disorder. EBioMedicine. 2020;56:102809. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102809.