20
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Comparison of Fourth Grade Students' Out-of-School Physical Activity Levels and Choices by Gender: Project SPARK

, , , , &
Pages S82-S90 | Published online: 08 Mar 2013

References

  • A.C. Nielsen Company . 1990 . 1990 Nielsen report on television , New York , NY : Nielsen Media Research .
  • Bureau of the Census . 1990 . 1990 census of population and housing. Summary population and housing characteristics. California , Washington , DC : Government Printing Office .
  • Baranowski , T. 1988 . Validity and reliability of self report measures of physical activity: An information processing perspective . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 59 : 314 – 327 .
  • Baranowski , T. , Bouchard , C. , Bar-Or , O. , Bricker , T. , Heath , G. Kimm , S.Y.S. 1992 . Assessment, prevalence, and cardiovascular benefits of physical activity and fitness in youth . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 24 : S237 – S247 .
  • Bickel , P. J. and Doksum , K. A. 1977 . Mathematical statistics: Basic ideas and selected Topics , Oakland , CA : Holden-Day .
  • Coakley , J. J. 1987 . “ Children and the sport socialization process ” . In Advances in pediatric sport sciences: Vol. 2. behavioral issues , Edited by: Gould , D. and Weiss , M. R. Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
  • Conover , W. J. 1980 . Practical nonparametric statistics , 2nd ed. , New York , NY : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Corbin , C. B. 1994 . “ The fitness curriculum: Climbing the stairway to lifetime fitness ” . In Health and fitness through physical education , Edited by: Pate , R. R. and Hohn , R. C. Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
  • Corbin , C. B. and Nix , C. 1979 . Sex-typing of physical activities and success predictions of children before and after cross-sex competition . Journal of Sport Psychology , 1 : 43 – 52 .
  • Duda , J. L. 1992 . “ Motivation in sport settings: A goal perspective approach ” . In Motivation in sport & exercise , Edited by: Roberts , C. G. Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
  • Eaton , W. O. and Enns , L. R. 1986 . Sex differences in human motor activity level . Psychological Bulletin , 100 : 19 – 28 .
  • Eccles , J. S. and Harold , R. D. 1991 . Gender differences in sport involvement: Applying the Eccles' expectancy value model . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 3 : 7 – 35 .
  • Fagot , B. I. 1978 . The influence of sex of child on parental reaction to toddler children . Child Development , 49 : 459 – 465 .
  • Fisher , R. A. 1935 . The logic of inductive inference (with discussion) . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society , 98 : 39 – 54 .
  • Fuchs , R. , Powell , K. E. , Semmer , N. K. , Dwyer , J. H. , Lippert , P. and Hoffmeister , H. 1988 . Patterns of physical activity among German adolescents: The Berlin-Bremen Study . Preventive Medicine , 17 : 746 – 763 .
  • Gill , D. L. 1988 . Gender differences in competitive orientation and sport participation . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 19 : 145 – 159 .
  • Goals 2000: Educate America Act . 1994 . 20 U.S.C., 5801
  • Greendorfer , S. L. 1977 . Role of socializing agents in female sport involvement . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 48 : 304 – 310 .
  • Greendorfer , S. L. 1980 . Gender differences in physical activity . Motor Skills: Theory into Practice , 4 : 83 – 90 .
  • Hotelling , H. 1931 . The generalization of student's ratio . Annals of Mathematical Statistics , 2 : 360 – 378 .
  • Housner , L. D. 1981 . Sex-role stereotyping: Implications for teaching elementary physical education . Motor Skills: Theory into Practice , 5 : 107 – 116 .
  • Ignico , A. A. 1990 . The influence of gender-role perception on activity preferences of children . Play & Culture , 3 : 302 – 310 .
  • Kane , M. J. 1989 . The post Title IX female athlete in the media: Things are changing but how much? . Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance , 60 : 58 – 62 .
  • Kraft , R. E. 1989 . Children at play: Behavior of children at recess . Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance , 60 : 21 – 24 .
  • Lever , J. 1976 . Sex differences in the games children play . Social Problems , 23 : 478 – 487 .
  • Lever , J. 1978 . Sex differences in the complexity of children's play and games . American Sociology Review , 48 : 471 – 483 .
  • McKenzie , T. L. , Sallis , J. F. , Nader , P. R. , Broyles , S. L. and Nelson , J. A. 1992 . Anglo- and Mexican-American preschoolers at home and at recess: Activity patterns and environmental influences . Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics , 13 : 173 – 180 .
  • McPherson , B. C. and Brown , B. A. 1988 . “ The structure, processes, and consequences of sport for children ” . In Children in sport , 3rd ed , Edited by: Smoll , F. L. , Magill , R. A. and Ash , M. J. Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
  • Raithel , K. S. 1987 . Are girls less fit than boys? . The Physician and Sportsmedicine , 15 : 156 – 163 .
  • Robinson , T. N. , Hammer , L. D. , Killen , J. D. , Kraemer , H. C. , Wilson , D. M. , Hayward , C. and Taylor , C. B. 1993 . Does television viewing increase obesity and reduce physical activity? Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses among adolescent girls . Pediatrics , 91 : 273 – 280 .
  • Ross , J. G. , Dotson , C. O. , Gilbert , G. G. and Katz , S. J. 1985 . After physical education: Physical activity outside of school physical education programs . Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance , 56 : 77 – 81 .
  • Ross , J. G. and Gilbert , G. G. 1985 . The National Children and Youth Fitness Study: A summary of findings . Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance , 56 : 45 – 50 .
  • Ross , J. G. and Pate , R. R. 1987 . The National Children and Youth Fitness Study II: A summary of findings . Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance , 58 : 51 – 56 .
  • Sallis , J. F. 1991 . Self-report measures of children's physical activity . Journal of School Health , 61 : 215 – 219 .
  • Sallis , J. F. 1993 . Epidemiology of physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents . Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition , 33 : 403 – 408 .
  • Sallis , J. F. and McKenzie , T. L. 1991 . Physical education's role in public health . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 62 : 124 – 137 .
  • Sallis , J. F. and Patrick , K. 1994 . “ Physical activity guidelines for adolescents: Consensus statement ” . In Pediatric Exercise Science (in press)
  • Sallis , J. F. , Buono , M. J. , Roby , J. J. , Micale , F. G. and Nelson , J. A. 1993 . 7-day recall and other physical activity self-reports in children and adolescents . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 25 : 99 – 108 .
  • Sallis , J. F. , Condon , S. A. , Goggin , K. J. , Roby , J. J. , Kolody , B. and Alcaraz , J. E. 1993 . The development of self-administered physical activity surveys for 4th grade students . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 64 : 25 – 31 .
  • Sallis , J. F. , Simons-Morton , B. G. , Stone , E. J. , Corbin , C. B. , Epstein , L. H. Faucette , N. 1992 . Determinants of physical activity and interventions in youth . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 24 : S248 – S257 .
  • Sherif , C. W. and Rattray , G. D. 1976 . “ Psychological development and activity in middle childhood ” . In Children in sport and physical activity , Edited by: Albinson , J. G. and Andrew , G. M. Baltimore , MD : University Park .
  • Simons-Morton , B. G. , O'Hara , N. M. , Parcel , G. S. , Huang , I. W. , Baranowski , T. and Wilson , B. 1990 . Children's frequency of participation in moderate to vigorous physical activities . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 61 : 307 – 314 .
  • Simons-Morton , B. , O'Hara , N. M. , Simons-Morton , D. and Parcel , G. S. 1987 . Children and fitness: A public health perspective . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 58 : 295 – 302 .
  • SPSS for the Macintosh 4.0 . 1990 . Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc.
  • Theberge , N. 1991 . A content analysis of print media coverage of gender, women and physical activity . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 3 : 36 – 48 .
  • Thomas , J. R. 1990 . Research methods in physical activity , 2nd ed. , Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
  • Thomas , J. R. and French , K. E. 1985 . Gender differences across age in motor performance: A meta-analysis . Psychological Bulletin , 98 : 260 – 282 .
  • Thomas , J. R. , Nelson , J. K. and Church , G. 1991 . A developmental analysis of gender differences in health related physical fitness . Pediatric Exercise Science , 3 : 28 – 42 .
  • Thomas , J. R. and Thomas , K. T. 1988 . Development of gender differences in physical activity . Quest , 40 : 219 – 229 .
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service . 1990 . Healthy people 2000. National health promotion and disease prevention objectives , Washington , DC : U.S. Government Printing Office . (DHHS Publication No. PHS 91-50213)
  • Weiss , M. R. and Knoppers , A. 1982 . The influence of socializing agents on female collegiate volleyball players . Journal of Sport Psychology , 4 : 267 – 297 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.