1,741
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Feedback and Fairness: The Relationship Between Negative Performance Feedback and Organizational Justice

Pages 157-181 | Published online: 30 Apr 2009

References

  • Adams , J. S. ( 1965 ). Inequity in social exchange . In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 2 , pp. 267 – 299 ). New York : Academic Press .
  • Aquino , K. , Galperin , B. L. , & Bennett , R. J. ( 2004 ). Social status and aggressiveness as moderators of the relationships between interactional justice and workplace deviance . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 34 , 1001 – 1029 .
  • Aquino , K. , Lewis , M. U. , & Bradfield , M. ( 1999 ). Justice constructs, negative affectivity, and employee deviance: A proposed model and empirical test . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 20 , 1073 – 1091 .
  • Austin , W. ( 1977 ). Equity theory and social comparison processes . In J. M. Suls & R. L. Miller (Eds.), Social comparison processes: Theoretical and empirical perspectives (pp. 279 – 305 ). Washington : Hemisphere Publishing Corporation .
  • Balcazar , F. , Hopkins , B. L. , & Suarez , Y. ( 1985 ). A critical, objective review of performance feedback . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 7 , 65 – 89 .
  • Ball , G. A. , Trevino , L. K. , & Sims , H. P. , Jr. ( 1994 ). Just and unjust punishment: Influences on subordinate performance and citizenship . Academy of Management Journal , 37 , 299 – 322 .
  • Barge , J. K. & Musambira , G. W. ( 1992 ). Turning points in chair-faculty relationships . Journal of Applied Communication Research , 20 , 54 – 77 .
  • Barling , J. B. & Phillips , M. ( 1993 ). Interactional, formal, and distributive justice in the workplace: An exploratory study . The Journal of Psychology , 127 , 649 – 656 .
  • Baron , R. A. ( 1988 ). Negative effects of destructive criticism: Impact on conflict, self-efficacy, and task performance . Journal of Applied Psychology , 73 , 199 – 207 .
  • Baron , R. A. ( 1990 ). Countering the effects of destructive criticism: The relative efficacy of four interventions . Journal of Applied Psychology , 75 , 235 – 245 .
  • Baron , R. A. , Neuman , J. H. , & Geddes , D. ( 1999 ). Social and personal determinants of workplace aggression: Evidence for the impact of perceived injustice and the type A behavior pattern . Aggressive Behavior , 25 , 281 – 296 .
  • Baxter , L. A. & Bullis , C. ( 1986 ). Turning points in developing romantic relationships . Human Communication Research , 12 , 469 – 493 .
  • Bies , R. J. & Moag , J. S. ( 1986 ). Interactional justice: Communication criteria of fairness . Research on Negotiation in Organizations , 1 , 43 – 55 .
  • Bies , R. J. & Tripp , T. M. ( 1996 ). Beyond distrust: “Getting even” and the need for revenge . In R. M. Kramer & T. R. Tyler (Eds.), Trust in organizations (pp. 246 – 260 ). Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publications .
  • Bies , R. J. , Tripp , T. M. , & Kramer , R. M. ( 1997 ). At the breaking point: Cognitive and social dynamics of revenge in organizations . In R. A. Giacalone & J. Greenberg (Eds.), Anti-social behavior in organizations (pp. 18 – 36 ). Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
  • Bullis , C. & Bach , B. W. (1989a). Are mentor relationships helping organizations? An exploration of developing mentee-mentor-organizational identifications using turning point analysis. Communication Quarterly , 37, 199–213.
  • Bullis , C. & Bach , B. W. ( 1989b ). Socialization turning points: An examination of change in organizational identification . Western Journal of Speech Communication , 53 , 273 – 293 .
  • Byrne , Z. S. & Cropanzano , R. ( 2001 ). The history of organizational justice: The founders speak . In R. Cropanzano (Ed.), Justice in the workplace: From theory to practice , 2 (pp. 3 – 26 ). Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
  • Carson , C. L. & Cupach , W. R. ( 2000 ). Facing corrections in the workplace: The influence of perceived face threat on the consequences of managerial reproaches . Journal of Applied Communication Research , 28 , 215 – 234 .
  • Chory , R. M. & Hubbell , A. P. ( 2008 ). Organizational justice and managerial trust as predictors of antisocial employee responses . Communication Quarterly , 56 , 357 – 375 .
  • Chory-Assad , R. M. ( 2002 ). Classroom justice: Perceptions of fairness as a predictor of student motivation, learning, and aggression . Communication Quarterly , 50 , 58 – 77 .
  • Chory-Assad , R. M. & Paulsel , M. L. ( 2004 ). Classroom justice: Student aggression and resistance as reactions to perceived unfairness . Communication Education , 53 , 253 – 273 .
  • Cohen-Charash , Y. & Spector , P. E. ( 2001 ). The role of justice in organizations: A meta-analysis . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 86 , 278 – 321 .
  • Collie , T. , Bradley , G. , & Sparks , B. A. ( 2002 ). Fair process revisited: Differential effects of interactional and procedural justice in the presence of social comparison information . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 38 , 545 – 555 .
  • Colquitt , J. A. ( 2001 ). On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure . Journal of Applied Psychology , 86 , 386 – 400 .
  • Colquitt , J. A. , Conlon , D. E. , Wesson , M. J. , Porter , C. O. L. H. , & Ng , K. Y. ( 2001 ). Justice at the millennium: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research . Journal of Applied Psychology , 86 , 425 – 445 .
  • Colquitt , J. A. & Shaw , J. C. ( 2005 ). How should organizational justice be measured? In J. Greenberg & J. A. Colquitt (Eds.), Handbook of organizational justice (pp. 113 – 152 ). Mahwah , NJ : LEA .
  • Conlon , D. E. , Meyer , C. J. , & Nowakowski , J. M. ( 2005 ). How does organizational justice affect performance, withdrawal, and counterproductive behavior? In J. Greenberg & J. Colquitt (Eds.), Handbook of Organizational Justice (pp. 301 – 327 ). Mahwah , NJ : LEA .
  • Cropanzano , R. & Greenberg , J. ( 1997 ). Progress in organizational justice: Tunneling through the maze . In C. L. Cooper & I. T. Robertson (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 12 , pp. 317 – 372 ). London : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Cusella , L. P. ( 1980 ). The effects of feedback on intrinsic motivation: A propositional extension of cognitive evaluation theory from an organizational communication perspective . Communication Yearbook , 4 , 367 – 387 .
  • Donnerstein , E. & Hatfield , E. ( 1982 ). Aggression and inequity . In J. Greenberg & R. L. Cohen (Eds.), Equity and justice in social behavior (pp. 309 – 336 ). New York : Academic Press .
  • Eisenberg , E. M. , Goodall Jr. , H. L. , & Trethewey , A. ( 2007 ). Organizational communication: Balancing creativity and constraint . Boston : Bedford/St. Martin's .
  • Ellis , J. B. & Van Dyne , L. ( 2009 ). Voice and silence as observer reactions to defensive voice: Predictions based on communication competence theory . In J. Greenberg & M. S. Edwards (Eds.), Voice and silence in organizations (pp. 37–62) . Oxford , UK : Elsevier .
  • Erdogan , B. ( 2002 ). Antecedents and consequences of justice perceptions in performance appraisals . Human Resource Management Review , 12 , 555 – 578 .
  • Erdogan , B. , Kraimer , M. L. , & Liden , R. C. ( 2001 ). Procedural justice as a two-dimensional construct: An examination in the performance appraisal context . The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science , 37 , 205 – 222 .
  • Fairhurst , G. T. , Green , S. G. , & Snavely , B. K. (1984). Face support in controlling poor performance. Human Communication Research , 11, 272–295.
  • Fisher , C. D. ( 1979 ). Transmission of positive and negative feedback to subordinates: A laboratory investigation . Journal of Applied Psychology , 64 , 533 – 540 .
  • Frey , L. R. , Botan , C. H. , & Kreps , G. L. ( 2000 ). Investigating communication: An introduction to research methods . Boston : Allyn and Bacon .
  • Furnham , A. ( 1986 ). Response bias, social desirability and dissimulation . Personality and Individual Differences , 7 , 385 – 400 .
  • Geddes , D. ( 1993 ). Examining the dimensionality of performance feedback messages: Source and recipient perceptions of influence attempts . Communication Studies , 44 , 200 – 215 .
  • Geddes , D. & Baron , R. A. ( 1997 ). Workplace aggression as a consequence of negative performance feedback . Management Communication Quarterly , 10 , 433 – 454 .
  • Geddes , D. & Linnehan , F. ( 1996 ). Exploring the dimensionality of positive and negative performance feedback . Communication Quarterly , 44 , 326 – 344 .
  • Greenberg , J. ( 1994 ). Using socially fair treatment to promote acceptance of a work site smoking ban . Journal of Applied Psychology , 79 , 288 – 297 .
  • Greenberg , J. & Alge , B. J. ( 1998 ). Aggressive reactions to workplace injustice . In R. W. Griffin , A. O'Leary-Kelly , & J. M. Collins (Eds.), Dysfunctional behavior in organizations: Violent and deviant behavior: Vol. 23, Part A. Monographs in organizational behavior and relations (pp. 83 – 117 ). Stamford , CT : JAI Press Inc .
  • Grover , S. L. ( 1991 ). Predicting the perceived fairness of parental leave policies . Journal of Applied Psychology , 76 , 247 – 255 .
  • Hamilton , M. & Hunter , J. E. ( 1988 ). Confirmatory Factor Analysis [Computer program]. Available from Dr. Mark Hamilton at the University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT .
  • Herold , D. M. & Greller , M. M. ( 1977 ). Feedback: The definition of a construct . The Academy of Management Journal , 20 ( 1 ), 142 – 147 .
  • Homans , G. C. ( 1961 ). Social behavior . New York : Harcourt, Brace & World .
  • Hubbell , A. P. & Chory-Assad , R. M. ( 2005 ). Motivating factors: Perceptions of justice and their relationship with managerial and organizational trust . Communication Studies , 56 , 47 – 70 .
  • Hunter , J. E. & Gerbing , D. W. ( 1982 ). Unidimensional measurement, second order factor analysis and causal models . In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 4 , pp. 267 – 317 ). Greenwich , CT : JAI Press .
  • Ilgen , D. R. , Fisher , C. D. , & Taylor , M. S. ( 1979 ). Consequences of individual feedback on behavior in organizations . Journal of Applied Psychology , 64 , 349 – 371 .
  • Kingsley Westerman , C. Y. ( 2008 ). Silence or voice? Using facework and communication apprehension to explain employee responses to autonomy and competence face threats posed by negative feedback . Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Michigan State University, East Lansing .
  • Konovsky , M. A. , Folger , R. , & Cropanzano , R. ( 1987 ). Relative effects of procedural and distributive justice on employee attitudes . Representative Research in Social Psychology , 17 , 15 – 45 .
  • Landy , F. J. , Barnes , J. L. , & Murphy , K. R. ( 1978 ). Correlates of perceived fairness and accuracy of performance evaluation . Journal of Applied Psychology , 63 , 751 – 754 .
  • Leventhal , G. S. ( 1980 ). What should be done with equity theory? In K. J. Gergen , M. S. Greenberg , & R. H. Willis (Eds.), Social exchanges: Advances in theory and research (pp. 27 – 55 ). New York : Plenum .
  • Levy , P. E. & Williams , J. R. ( 2004 ). The social context of performance appraisal: A review and framework for the future . Journal of Management , 30 , 881 – 905 .
  • Lim , T. & Bowers , J. W. ( 1991 ). Facework: Solidarity, approbation, and tact . Human Communication Research , 17 , 415 – 450 .
  • Lind , E. A. ( 1997 ). Litigation and claiming in organizations: Antisocial behavior or quest for justice . In R. A. Giacalone & J. Greenberg (Eds.), Antisocial behavior in organizations (pp. 150 – 171 ). Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publications .
  • Lizzio , A. , Wilson , K. L. , Gilchrist , J. , & Gallois , C. (2003). The role of gender in the construction and evaluation of feedback effectiveness. Management Communication Quarterly , 16, 341–379.
  • Locke , E. A. ( 1968 ). Toward a theory of task motivation and incentives . Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , 3 , 157 – 189 .
  • Masterson , S. S. , Lewis , K. , Goldman , B. M. , & Taylor , M. S. ( 2000 ). Integrating justice and social exchange: The differing effects of fair procedures and treatment on work relationships . Academy of Management Journal , 43 , 738 – 748 .
  • McGovern , C. ( 1999 ). Take action, heed warnings to end workplace violence . Occupational Hazards , 61 , 61 – 63 .
  • Miceli , M. P. ( 1993 ). Justice and pay system satisfaction . In R. Cropanzano (Ed.), Justice in the Workplace: Approaching Fairness in Human Resource Management . Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Miceli , M. P. & Lane , M. C. ( 1991 ). Antecedents of pay satisfaction: A review and extension . In K. M. Rowland & G. R. Ferris (Eds.), Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management , 9 . Greenwich , CT : JAI Press .
  • Mulac , A. , Seibold , D. R. , & Farris , J. L. ( 2000 ). Female and male managers' and professionals’ criticism giving: Differences in language use and effects . Journal of Language and Social Psychology , 19 , 389 – 415 .
  • Neuman , J. H. & Baron , R. A. ( 1998 ). Workplace violence and workplace aggression: Evidence concerning specific forms, potential causes, and preferred targets . Journal of Management , 24 , 391 – 419 .
  • Nicotera , A. M. ( 1996 ). An assessment of the argumentativeness scale for social desirability bias . Communication Reports , 9 , 24 – 35 .
  • Niehoff , B. P. & Moorman , R. H. ( 1993 ). Justice as a mediator of the relationship between methods of monitoring and organizational citizenship behavior . Academy of Management Journal , 36 , 527 – 556 .
  • Nunnally , J. C. ( 1978 ). Psychometric theory . New York : McGraw-Hill .
  • Paulsel , M. L. & Chory-Assad , R. M. ( 2005 ). Perceptions of instructor interactional justice as a predictor of student resistance . Communication Research Reports , 22 , 283 – 291 .
  • Pettijohn , C. , Pettijohn , L. S. , Taylor , A. J. , Keillor , B. D. ( 2001 ). Are performance appraisals a bureaucratic exercise or can they be used to enhance sales-force satisfaction and commitment? Psychology & Marketing , 18 , 337 – 364 .
  • Prue , D. M. & Fairbanks , J. A. ( 1981 ). Performance feedback in organizational behavior management: A review . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 3 , 1 – 16 .
  • Scarlicki , D. P. & Folger , R. ( 1997 ). Retaliation in the workplace: The roles of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice . Journal of Applied Psychology , 82 , 434 – 443 .
  • Sweeney , P. D. & McFarlin , D. B. ( 1993 ). Workers' evaluation of the “ends” and the “means”: An examination of four models of distributive and procedural justice . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 55 , 23 – 40 .
  • Thibaut , J. & Walker , L. ( 1975 ). Procedural justice: A psychological analysis . Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Tracy , K. & Eisenberg , E. ( 1990/1991 ). Giving criticism: A multiple goals case study . Research on Language and Social Interaction , 24 , 37 – 70 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.