433
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Support Gaps Surrounding Conversations about Coping with Relational Transgressions

ORCID Icon, &

References

  • Bachman, G. F., & Guerrero, L. K. (2006). Forgiveness, apology, and communicative responses to hurtful events. Communication Reports, 19, 45–56. doi:10.1080/08934210600586357
  • Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497–529. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
  • Benoit, W. L., Benoit, P. J., & Wilkie, J. (1996). Participants’ and observers’ memory for conversational behavior. Southern Journal of Communication, 61, 139–154. doi:10.1080/10417949609373007
  • Bolger, N., Zuckerman, A., & Kessler, R. C. (2000). Invisible support and adjustment to stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 953–961. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.6.953
  • Brock, R. L., & Lawrence, E. (2009). Too much of a good thing: Underprovision versus overprovision of partner support. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 181–192. doi:10.1037/a0015402
  • Burleson, B. R. (1985). The production of comforting messages: Social-cognitive foundations. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 4, 253–273. doi:10.1177/0261927X8543006
  • Burleson, B. R. (1990). Comforting as social support: Relational consequences of supportive behaviors. In S. Duck & R. C. Silver (Eds.), Personal relationships and social support (pp. 66–82). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Chen, Z., & Williams, K. D. (2011). Social pain is easily relived and prelived, but physical pain is not. In G. MacDonald & L. A. Jensen-Campbell (Eds.), Social pain: Neuropsychological and health implications of loss and exclusion (pp. 161–177). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037//12351-007
  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385–396. doi:10.2307/2136404
  • Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310–357. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310
  • Coyne, J. C., & DeLongis, A. (1986). Going beyond social support: The role of social relationships in adaptation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 454–460. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.54.4.454
  • Cutrona, C. E., & Russell, D. (1990). Type of social support and specific stress: Toward a theory of optimal matching. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 319–366). New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Cutrona, C. E., & Suhr, J. A. (1992). Controllability of stressful events and satisfaction with spouse support behaviors. Communication Research, 19, 154–174. doi:10.1177/009365092019002002
  • Davidowitz, M., & Myrick, R. D. (1984). Responding to the bereaved: An analysis of “helping” statements. Death Education, 8. doi:10.1080/07481188408251378
  • Davis, S. M., & High, A. C. (2019). Widening the gap: Support gaps in same race versus different race female friendship dyads. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36, 187–213. doi:10.1177/0265407517722245
  • DePaulo, B. M. (1982). Social-psychological processes in informal help seeking. In T. A. Wills (Ed.), Basic processes in help seeking relationships (pp. 255–279). New York, NY: Academic Press.
  • Dillard, J. P., Kinney, T. A., & Cruz, M. G. (1996). Influence, appraisals, and emotions in close relationships. Communication Monographs, 63, 105–130. doi:10.1080/03637759609376382
  • Eaton, J. (2011). The effects of third-party validation and minimization on judgments of the transgressor and the third party. British Journal of Social Psychology, 52, 273–289. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.2011.02066.x
  • Eaton, J., & Sanders, C. B. (2012). A little help from our friends: Informal third parties and interpersonal conflict. Personal Relationships, 19, 623–643. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2011.01381.x
  • Feeney, J. A. (2005). Hurt feelings in couple relationships: Exploring the role of attachment and perceptions of personal injury. Personal Relationships, 12, 253–271. doi:10.1111/j.1350-4126.2005.00114.x
  • Feeney, J. A., & Hill, A. (2006). Victim-perpetrator differences in reports of hurtful events. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 23, 587–608. doi:10.1177/0265407506065985
  • Fehr, B., & Baldwin, M. (1996). Prototype and script analyses of laypeople’s knowledge of anger. In G. J. O. Fletcher & J. Fitness (Eds.), Knowledge structures in close relationships: A social psychological approach (pp. 219–245). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Fitness, J. (2001). Betrayal, rejection, revenge, and forgiveness: An interpersonal script approach. In M. R. Leary (Ed.), Interpersonal rejection (pp. 73–103). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Goldsmith, D. J., & Parks, M. R. (1990). Communicative strategies for managing the risks of seeking social support. In S. W. Duck & R. C. Silver (Eds.), Personal relationships and social support (pp. 104–121). London, UK: Sage.
  • Goodwin, R., & Plaza, S. H. (2000). Perceived and received social support in two cultures: Collectivism and support among British and Spanish students. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17, 282–291. doi:10.1177/0265407500172007
  • Gray, J. B. (2014). The social support process in unplanned pregnancy. Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 7(2), 137–146. doi:10.1179/1753807614Y.0000000054
  • High, A. C. (2011). The production and reception of verbal person-centered social support in face-to-face and computer-mediated dyadic conversations ( Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The Pennsylvania State University, State College.
  • High, A. C., & Crowley, J. L. (2018). Gaps among desired, sought, and received support: Deficits and surpluses in support when coping with taboo marital stressors. Communication Research, 45, 319–338. doi:10.1177/0093650215626975
  • High, A. C., & Steuber, K. R. (2014). An examination of support (in)adequacy: Types, sources, and consequences of social support among infertile women. Communication Monographs, 81, 157–178. doi:10.1080/03637751.2013.878868
  • Holmstrom, A. J., & Burleson, B. R. (2011). An initial test of a cognitive-emotional theory of esteem support messages. Communication Research, 38, 326–355. doi:10.1177/0093650210376191
  • Jones, S. M., & Wirtz, J. G. (2006). How does the comforting process work? An empirical test of an appraisal‐based model of comforting. Human Communication Research, 32, 217–243. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2006.00274.x
  • Jones, W. H., Moore, D. S., Schratter, A., & Negel, L. A. (2001). Interpersonal transgressions and betrayals. In R. M. Kowalski (Ed.), Behaving badly: Aversive behaviors in interpersonal relationships (pp. 233–256). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/10365-009
  • Joseph, A., Afifi, T. D., & Denes, A. (2016). (Unmet) Standards for emotional support and their short- and medium-term consequences. Communication Monographs, 83, 163–193. doi:10.1080/03637751.2015.1068432
  • Leary, M. R., Koch, E. J., & Hechenbleikner, N. R. (2001). Emotional responses to interpersonal rejection. In M. R. Leary (Ed.), Interpersonal rejection (pp. 145–166). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Leary, M. R., Springer, C., Negel, L., Ansell, E., & Evans, K. (1998). The causes, phenomenology, and consequences of hurt feelings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1225–1237. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1225
  • Lehman, D. R., Ellard, J. H., & Wortman, C. B. (1986). Social support for the bereaved: Recipients’ and providers’ perspectives on what is helpful. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 438–446. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.54.4.438
  • Linden, W., & Vodermaier, A. (2012). Mismatch of desired versus perceived social support and associated levels of anxiety and depression in newly diagnosed cancer patients. Supportive Care in Cancer, 20, 1449–1456. doi:10.1007/s00520-011-1228-3
  • MacGeorge, E. L. (2009). Social support. In W. Eadie (Ed.), 21st century communication: A reference handbook (pp. 283–291). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • MacGeorge, E. L., Feng, B., & Burleson, B. R. (2011). Supportive communication. In M. L. Knapp & J. A. Daly (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of interpersonal communication (4th ed., pp. 317–354). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Maisel, N. C., & Gable, S. L. (2009). The paradox of received social support: The importance of responsiveness. Psychological Science, 20, 928–932. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02388.x
  • Matsunaga, M. (2011). Underlying circuits of social support for bullied victims: An appraisal‐based perspective on supportive communication and postbullying adjustment. Human Communication Research, 37(2), 174–206. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01398.x
  • May, L. N., & Jones, W. H. (2007). Does hurt linger? Exploring the nature of hurt feelings over time. Current Psychology, 25(4), 245–256. doi:10.1007/BF02915234
  • Maynard, C., Piferi, R. L., & Jobe, R. L. (2016). Role of supportive others in the forgiveness process. Counseling and Values, 61, 28–43. doi:10.1002/cvj.12024
  • McCullough, M. E., Luna, L. R., Berry, J. W., Tabak, B. A., & Bono, G. (2010). On the form and function of forgiving: Modeling the time-forgiveness relationship and testing the valuable relationships hypothesis. Emotion, 10, 358–376. doi:10.1037/a0019349
  • McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington, E. L., Brown, S. W., & Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1586–1603. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.6.1586
  • McCullough, M. E., Worthington, E. L., & Rachal, K. C. (1997). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 321–336. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.2.321
  • McLaren, R. M., & High, A. C. (2019). The effect of under- and over-benefited support gaps on hurt feelings, esteem, and relationships. Communication Research, 46, 785–810. doi:10.1177/0093650215605155
  • McLaren, R. M., Solomon, D. H., & Priem, J. S. (2012). The effect of relationship characteristics and relational communication on experiences of hurt from romantic partners. Journal of Communication, 62, 950–971. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01678.x
  • Metts, S., & Cupach, W. R. (2007). Responses to relational transgressions: Hurt, anger, and sometimes forgiveness. In B. H. Spitzberg & W. R. Cupach (Eds.), The dark side of interpersonal communication (2nd ed., pp. 243–274). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Miller, C. W., & Roloff, M. E. (2014). When hurt continues: Taking conflict personally leads to rumination, residual hurt and negative motivations toward someone who hurt us. Communication Quarterly, 62(2), 193–213. doi:10.1080/01463373.2014.890118
  • Pederson, J. R., & McLaren, R. M. (2016). Managing information following hurtful experiences: How personal network members negotiate private information. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 33, 961–983. doi:10.1177/0265407515612242
  • Pederson, J. R., & McLaren, R. M. (2017). Indirect effects of supportive communication during conversations about coping with relational transgressions. Personal Relationships, 24, 804–819. doi:10.1111/pere.12214
  • Porter, S., & Peace, K. (2007). The scars of memory: A prospective, longitudinal investigation of the consistency of traumatic and positive emotional memories in adulthood. Psychological Science, 18, 435–441. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01918.x
  • Priem, J. S., & Solomon, D. H. (2015). Emotional support and physiological stress recovery: The role of support matching, adequacy, and invisibility. Communication Monographs, 82, 88–112. doi:10.1080/03637751.2014.971416
  • Roloff, M. E., & Cloven, D. H. (1994). When partners transgress: Maintaining violated relationships. In D. J. Canary & L. Stafford (Eds.), Communication and relational maintenance (pp. 23–43). San Diego, CA: Academic Press Inc.
  • Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., & Gurung, R. A. R. (1997). Close personal relationships and health outcomes: A key to the role of social support. In S. Duck (Ed.), Handbook of personal relationships (2nd ed., pp. 547–573). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
  • Silverstein, M., Chen, X., & Heller, K. (1996). Too much of a good thing? Intergenerational social support and the psychological well-being of older parents. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 970–982. doi:10.2307/353984
  • Sprecher, S. (2011). The influence of social networks on romantic relationships: Through the lens of the social network. Personal Relationships, 18, 630–644. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01330.x
  • Symister, P., & Friend, R. (2003). The influence of social support and problematic support on optimism and depression in chronic illness: A prospective study evaluating self-esteem as a mediator. Health Psychology, 22(2), 123–129. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.22.2.123
  • Vallade, J. I., & Dillow, M. R. (2014). An exploration of extradyadic communicative messages following relational transgressions in romantic relationships. Southern Communication Journal, 79(2), 94–113. doi:10.1080/1041794X.2013.861011
  • van Eck, M., Berkhof, H., Nicolson, N., & Sulon, J. (1996). The effects of perceived stress, traits, mood states, and stressful daily events on salivary cortisol. Psychosomatic Medicine, 58, 447–458. doi:10.1097/00006842-199609000-00007
  • Vangelisti, A. L., & Young, S. L. (2000). When words hurt: The effects of perceived intentionality on interpersonal relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17, 393–424. doi:10.1177/0265407500173005
  • Wills, T. A. (1991). Social support and interpersonal relationships. In M. S. Clark (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology, Vol. 12. Prosocial behavior (pp. 265–289). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Xu, Y., & Burleson, B. R. (2001). Effects of sex, culture, and support type on perceptions of spousal social support: An assessment of the “support gap” hypothesis in early marriage. Human Communication Research, 27, 535–566. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2001.tb00792.x
  • Xu, Y., & Burleson, B. R. (2004). The association of experienced spousal support with marital satisfaction: Evaluating the moderating effects of sex, ethnic culture, and type of support. Journal of Family Communication, 4, 123–145. doi:10.1207/s15327698jfc0402_3

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.