1,117
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Special topic: Critical nuclear studies

Reassessing Truman, the bomb, and revisionism: The burlesque frame and entelechy in the decision to use atomic weapons against Japan

Pages 348-385 | Published online: 06 Jun 2009

Notes

References

  • Alperovitz , G. 1965 . Atomic diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam: The use of the atomic bomb and the American confrontation with Soviet power , New York : Simon and Schuster .
  • Alperovitz , G. 1994 . Beyond the Smithsonian flap: Historians’ new consensus . Washington Post , October 16 : C3
  • Alperovitz , G. 1995a . The decision to use the atomic bomb and the architecture of an American myth , New York : Knopf .
  • Alperovitz , G. 1995b . Hiroshima: Historians reassess . Foreign Policy , 99 : 15 – 34 .
  • Appel , E. C. 1996 . Burlesque as a rhetorical genre: The hudibrastic ridicule of William F. Buckley, Jr . Western Journal of Communication , 60 : 269 – 284 .
  • Aubrey , C. , ed. 1982 . Nukespeak: The media and the bomb , New York : Comedia .
  • Bard , R. A. June 27 1945 . Memorandum on the use of S‐1 bomb , June 27 , U.S. National Archives . Record Group 77, Records of the Chief of Engineers, Manhattan Engineer District, Harrison‐Bundy File, folder 77 [On‐line]. Available: http://www.peak.org/∼danneng/decision/bardmemchtml
  • Batchelder , R. C. 1964 . “ Dropping the atomic bomb: Right or wrong? ” . In Hiroshima: The decision to use the A‐bomb , Edited by: Fogelman , E. 106 – 112 . New York : Scribner's .
  • Baudrillard , J. 1994 . The illusion of the end , Edited by: Turner , C. Cambridge, , UK : Polity Press .
  • Baudrillard , J. 1995 . The Gulf War did not take place , Edited by: Patton , P. Bloomington, IN : Indiana University Press .
  • Bernstein , B. J. 1975 . Shatterer of worlds: Hiroshima and Nagasaki . Bulletin of Atomic Scientists , 31 : 12 – 22 .
  • Bernstein , B. J. , ed. 1976 . The atomic bomb: The critical issues , Boston : Little, Brown .
  • Bernstein , B. J. 1986 . A postwar myth: 500,000 U.S. lives saved . Bulletin of Atomic Scientists , 42 : 38 – 40 .
  • Bernstein , B. J. 1995a . “ Afterword—the struggle over history: Defining the Hiroshima narrative ” . In Judgment at the Smithsonian , Edited by: Nobile , P. 127 – 256 . New York : Marlowe .
  • Bernstein , B. J. 1995b . The atomic bombings reconsidered . Foreign Affairs , 77 : 135 – 152 .
  • Bernstein , B. J. 1995c . Understanding the atomic bomb and the Japanese surrender: Missed opportunities, little‐known near disasters, and modern memory . Dipolmatic History , 19 : 227 – 274 .
  • Bix , H. P. 1995 . Japan's delayed surrender: A reinterpretation . Diplomatic History , 19 : 197 – 226 .
  • Bjork , R. S. 1988 . Reagan and the nuclear freeze: “Star Wars” as a rhetorical strategy . Journal of the American Forensic Association , 24 : 181 – 192 .
  • Bjork , R. S. 1992 . The strategic defense initiative: Symbolic containment of the nuclear threat , Albany, NY : State University of New York Press .
  • Blute , P. 1995 . Revisionist history has few defenders . Technology Review , 98 August/September : 51 – 52 .
  • Bosmajian , H. 1990 . Conventions of image and form in nuclear war narratives for young readers . Papers on Language and Literature , 26 : 73 – 89 .
  • Bostdorff , D. M. 1987 . Making light of James Watt: A Burkean approach to the form and attitude of political cartoons . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 73 : 43 – 59 .
  • Boyer , P. 1985 . By the bomb's early light , New York : Pantheon .
  • Brians , P. 1987 . Nuclear holocaust: Atomic war in fiction, 1895–1984 , Kent, OH : Kent State University Press .
  • Brians , P. 1990 . Nuclear holocaust: Atomic war in fiction, 1895–1984 , Kent, OH : Kent State University Press .
  • Broderick , M. 1991 . Nuclear movies , Jefferson, NC : McFarland .
  • Brummett , B. 1989 . Perfection and the bomb: Nuclear weapons, teleology, and motives . Journal of Communication , 39 (1) : 85 – 94 .
  • Brummett , B. 1991 . Contemporary apocalyptic rhetoric , New York : Praeger .
  • Burchett , W. 1983 . Shadows of Hiroshima , London : Verso .
  • Burke , K. 1966 . Language as symbolic action , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
  • Burke , K. 1969 . A rhetoric of motives , (California ed.) , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
  • Burke , K. 1984a . Attitudes toward history , (3rd ed.) , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
  • Burke , K. 1984b . Permanence and change: An anatomy of purpose , (3rd ed.) , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
  • Caldicott , H. 1994 . Nuclear madness: What you can do , (Rev. ed.) , New York : W. W. Norton .
  • Carlson , A. C. 1986 . Ghandi and the comic frame: “Ad bellum purificandum.” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 72 : 446 – 455 .
  • Carlson , A. C. 1988 . Limitations on the comic frame: Some witty American women of the nineteenth century . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 74 : 310 – 322 .
  • Caws , M. A. 1984 . Singing in another key: Surrealism through a feminist eye . Diacritics , 14 : 60 – 70 .
  • Chaloupka , W. 1992 . Knowing nukes: The politics and culture of the atom , Minneapolis, MN : University of Minnesota Press .
  • Chilton , P. , ed. 1985 . Language and the nuclear arms debate: Nukespeak today , London : Frances Pinter .
  • Cloud , D. L. 1992 . The limits of interpretation: Ambivalence and the stereotype in Spenser: For Hire . Critical Studies in Mass Communication , 9 : 311 – 324 .
  • Cloud , D. L. 1994 . The materiality of discourse as oxymoron: A challenge to critical rhetoric . Western Journal of Communication , 58 : 141 – 163 .
  • Cohn , C. 1987 . Sex and death in the rational world of defense intellectuals . Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society , 12 : 687 – 718 .
  • Correll , J. T. 1994a . War stories at air and space . Air Force Magazine , 77 April : 24 – 29 .
  • Correll , J. T. June 28 1994b . The Smithsonian plan for the Enola Gay: A report on the revisions June 28 , [On‐line]. Available: http://www.afa.org/enolagay/04–06.html.
  • Correll , J. T. 1994c . “The last act” at air and space. Air . Force Magazine , 77 September : 58 – 64 .
  • Correll , J. T. 1994d . Museum promises to change Enola Gay exhibition . Air Force Magazine , 77 October : 16
  • Correll , J. T. October 28 1994e . Memorandum to Monroe Hatch, subject: Enola Gay script #5 October 28 , [On‐line]. Available: http://www.afa.org/enolagay/04–12.html.
  • Correll , J. T. 1994f . The three doctors and the Enola Gay . Air Force Magazine , 77 November : 8 – 12 .
  • Correll , J. T. 1994g . Airplanes in the mist . Air Force Magazine , 77 December : 2
  • Correll , J. T. 1995a . Political exhibit crashes at the Smithsonian . Air Force Magazine , 78 March : 12
  • Correll , J. T. 1995b . Japan's struggle with history . Air Force Magazine , 78 May : 5
  • Correll , J. T. 1995c . Presenting the Enola Gay . Air Force Magazine , 78 August : 19
  • Craig , P. P. and Jungerman , J. 1986 . Nuclear arms race: Technology and society , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
  • Crowley , S. 1992 . Reflections on an argument that won't go away: Or, a turn of the ideological screw . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 78 : 450 – 465 .
  • Dauber , C. E. 1988 . Through a glass darkly: Validity standards and the debate over nuclear strategic doctrine . Journal of the American Forensic Association , 24 : 168 – 180 .
  • Derrida , J. 1984 . No apocalypse, not now (full speed ahead, seven missiles, seven missives) . Diacritics , 14 : 20 – 31 .
  • Dewey , J. 1990 . In a dark time: The apocalyptic temper in the American novel of the nuclear age , West Lafayette, IN : Purdue University Press .
  • Dower , J. W. 1986 . War without mercy: Race and power in the Pacific war , New York : Pantheon Books .
  • Dower , J. W. 1995a . The bombed: Hiroshimas and Nagasakis in Japanese memory . Diplomatic History , 19 : 274 – 296 .
  • Dower , J. W. 1995b . Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and the politics of memory . Technology Review , 98 August/September : 48 – 51 .
  • Dower , J. W. 1995c . Triumphal and tragic narratives of the war in Asia . Journal of American History , 82 : 1124 – 1135 .
  • Dower , J. W. 1996 . “ Three narratives of our humanity ” . In History wars: The Enola Gay and other battles for the American past , Edited by: Linenthal , E. T. and Engelhardt , T. 63 – 96 . New York : Metropolitan Books .
  • Dowling , D. 1987 . Fictions of atomic disaster , Iowa City : University of Iowa Press .
  • Drea , E. J. 1992 . MacArthur's ULTRA: Codebreaking and the war against Japan , Lawrence : University of Kansas Press .
  • Farrell , T. B. and Goodnight , G. T. 1981 . Accidental rhetoric: The root metaphors of Three Mile Island . Communication Monographs , 48 : 271 – 300 .
  • Feis , H. 1966 . The atomic bomb and the end of World War II , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
  • Ferguson , F. 1984 . The nuclear sublime . Diacritics , 14 : 4 – 10 .
  • Fisher , W. 1984 . Narration as human communication paradigm . Communication Monographs , 51 : 1 – 21 .
  • Flynn , J. , Chalmers , J. , Easterling , D. , Kasperson , R. , Kunreuther , H. , Mertz , C. K. , Mushkatel , A. , Pijawka , K. D. and Slovic , P. 1995 . One hundred centuries of solitude: Redirecting America's high‐level nuclear waste policy , Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
  • Foss , K. A. and Littlejohn , S. W. 1986 . The day after: Rhetorical vision in an ironic frame . Critical Studies in Mass Communication , 3 : 371 – 336 .
  • Franck , J. , Hughes , D. J. , Nickson , J. J. , Rabinowitch , E. , Seaborg , G. T. , Stearns , J. C. and Szilard , L. June 11 1945 . The Franck report , June 11 , U.S. National Archives . Record Group 77, Manhattan Engineer District Records, Harrison‐Bundy File, Folder 76 [On‐line]. Available: http://www.peak.org/∼danneng/franck.html.
  • Gamson , W. A. and Modigliani , A. 1989 . Media discourse and public opinion on nuclear power: A constructionist approach . American Journal of Sociology , 95 : 1 – 37 .
  • Gery , J. 1996 . Nuclear annihilation and contemporary American poetry: Ways of nothingness , Gainesville : University Press of Florida .
  • Glynn , P. 1992 . Closing Pandora's box: Arms races, arms control and the history of the Cold War , New York : Basic Books .
  • Goldzwig , S. and Cheney , G. 1984 . The U.S. Catholic bishops on nuclear arms: Corporate advocacy, role definition, and rhetorical adaptation . Central States Speech Journal , 35 : 8 – 23 .
  • Goodnight , G. T. 1986 . Ronald Reagan's re‐formulation of the rhetoric of war: Analysis of the “Zero Option,” “Evil Empire,” and “Star Wars” addresses . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 72 : 390 – 414 .
  • Goodnight , G. T. 1988 . Argumentation and the nuclear age . Journal of the American Forensic Association , 24 : 141 – 142 .
  • Gusterson , H. 1996 . Nuclear rites: A weapons laboratory at the end of the Cold War , Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Hall , S. 1985 . Signification, representation, ideology: Althusser and the post‐structuralist debates . Critical Studies in Mass Communication , 2 : 91 – 114 .
  • Halle , L. J. 1991 . The Cold War as history , New York : Harper . [Original work published in 1967]
  • Hallion , R. P. 1994 . D‐Day 1944: Air power over the Normandy beaches and beyond , Washington D. C. : Air Force History and Museums Program, U.S. Government Printing Office .
  • Handy , T. July 25 1945 . Official bombing order , July 25 , U.S. National Archives . Record Group 77, Records of the Office of the Chief of Engineers, Manhattan Engineer District, TS Manhattan Project File ‘42 to ‘46, folder 5B [On‐line]. Available: http://www.peak.org/∼danneng/decision/handy.html.
  • Harper , S. 1985 . Miracle of deliverance: The case for bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki , London : Sidgwick & Jackson .
  • Harrington , H. G. 1995 . History upheld . The American Legion , 139 August : 16 – 18 .
  • Harris , N. 1995 . Museums and controversy: Some introductory reflections . Journal of American History , 82 : 1102 – 1110 .
  • Harwit , M. 1995 . Academic freedom in “The Last Act.” . Journal of American History , 82 : 1064 – 1084 .
  • Harwit , M. 1996 . An exhibition denied: Lobbying the history of Enola Gay , New York : Springer‐Verlag .
  • Hikins , J. A. 1983 . The rhetoric of “unconditional surrender” and the decision to drop the atomic bomb . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 69 : 379 – 400 .
  • Hilgartner , S. , Bell , R. C. and O'Connor , R. 1982 . Nukespeak: The selling of nuclear technology in America , San Francisco : Sierra Club Books .
  • Holley , I. B. 1995 . Second‐guessing history . Technology Review , 98 August/September : 52 – 53 .
  • Hynes , T. J. 1988 . You can't prove it here: Nuclear arms negotiations and the testing of evidence . Journal of the American Forensic Association , 24 : 155 – 167 .
  • Ikle , F. C. 1996 . The second coming of the nuclear age . Foreign Affairs , 75 : 119 – 128 .
  • Ivie , R. L. 1984 . Speaking “common sense” about the Soviet threat: Reagan's rhetorical stance . Western Journal of Speech Communication , 48 : 39 – 50 .
  • 1945 . Japan officially turns down Allied surrender ultimatum . New York Times , July 30 : 1 4
  • Jay , P. , ed. 1988 . The selected correspondence of Kenneth Burke and Malcolm Cowley , New York : Viking .
  • Johnston , W. 1984 . “ Introduction ” . In The bells of Nagasaki , Edited by: Nagai , T. v – xxiii . Tokyo : Kodansha International .
  • Jungk , R. 1958 . Brighter than a thousand suns: A personal history of the atomic scientists , Edited by: Cleugh , J. San Diego : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich . [Original work published in 1956]
  • Kane , T. 1988 . Rhetorical histories and arms negotiations . Journal of the American Forensic Association , 24 : 143 – 154 .
  • Kant , I. 1964 . Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals , Edited by: Patton , H. J. New York : Harper Torchbooks . [Original work published in 1948]
  • Kaplan , F. M. 1983 . The wizards of Armageddon , New York : Simon & Schuster .
  • Kase , T. 1951 . Eclipse of the rising sun , London : Jonathon Cape .
  • Kauffman , C. 1989 . Names and weapons . Communication Monographs , 56 : 273 – 285 .
  • King , A. and Petress , K. 1990 . Universal public argument and the failure of nuclear freeze . Southern Communication Journal , 55 : 162 – 174 .
  • Klein , R. 1984a . Nuclear criticism [Special issue] . Diacritics , 14 (2)
  • Klein , R. 1984b . Nuclear criticism . Diacritics , 14 : 2 – 3 .
  • Klein , R. 1990 . The future of nuclear criticism . Yale French Studies , 77 : 76 – 102 .
  • Kohn , R. H. 1995 . History and the culture wars: The case of the Smithsonian Institution's Enola Gay exhibition . Journal of American History , 82 : 1036 – 1063 .
  • Krug , G. 1995 . Silence, oblivion, and nuclear criticism . Journal of Communication , 45 (1) : 204 – 209 .
  • Kurzman , D. 1986 . Day of the bomb: Countdown to Hiroshima , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
  • Lanouette , W. 1995 . Why we dropped the bomb . Civilization: The Magazine of the Library of Congress , 2 January/February : 25 – 39 .
  • Lifton , R. J. and Erikson , K. 1982 . “ Nuclear war's effect on the mind ” . In Indefensible weapons: The political and psychological case against nuclearism , Edited by: Lifton , R. J. and Falk , R. 274 – 278 . New York : Basic Books .
  • Lifton , R. J. and Falk , R. 1982 . Indefensible weapons: The political and psychological case against nuclearism , New York : Basic Books .
  • Lifton , R. J. and Mitchell , G. 1995a . The age of numbing . Technology Review , 98 August/September : 58 – 59 .
  • Lifton , R. J. and Mitchell , G. 1995b . Hiroshima in America: Fifty years of denial , New York : G. P. Putnam's .
  • Linenthal , E. T. 1995 . Struggling with history and memory . Journal of American History , 82 : 1094 – 1101 .
  • Linenthal , E. T. and Engelhardt , T. , eds. 1996 . History wars: The Enola Gay and other battles for the American past , New York : Metropolitan Books .
  • Luckhurst , R. 1993 . Nuclear criticism: Anachronism and anachorism . Diacritics , 23 : 89 – 97 .
  • MacCannell , D. 1984 . Baltimore in the morning... after: On the forms of post‐nuclear leadership . Diacritics , 14 : 33 – 46 .
  • MacIsaac , D. 1986 . “ Voices form the central blue: The air power theorists ” . In Makers of modern strategy: from Machiavelli to the nuclear age , Edited by: Paret , P. 624 – 647 . Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Maddox , R. J. 1988 . From war to Cold War: The education of Harry S. Truman , Boulder : Westview Press .
  • Maddox , R. J. 1995 . Weapons for victory: The Hiroshima decision fifty years later , Columbia, MO : University of Missouri Press .
  • Madsen , A. J. 1993 . The comic frame as a corrective to bureaucratization: A dramatistic perspective on argumentation . Argumentation and Advocacy , 29 : 164 – 177 .
  • Mandelbaum , M. 1995 . Lessons of the next nuclear war . Foreign Affairs , 74 : 22 – 37 .
  • Marx , J. L. 1967 . Seven hours to zero , New York : G. P. Putnam's .
  • McCanles , M. 1984 . Machiavelli and the paradoxes of deterrence . Diacritics , 14 : 12 – 19 .
  • McDougall , W. A. 1985 . The heavens and the earth: A political history of the space age , New York : Basic Books .
  • McGee , M. C. 1984 . Another philippic: Notes on the ideological turn in criticism . Central States Speech Journal , 35 : 43 – 50 .
  • McGuire , M. 1990 . “ Materialism: Reductionist dogma or critical rhetoric? ” . In Rhetoric and philosophy , Edited by: Cherwitz , R. 187 – 212 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
  • McKerrow , R. E. 1989 . Critical rhetoric: Theory and praxis . Communication Monographs , 56 : 91 – 111 .
  • McManus , J. F. 1995 . Dropping the bomb: Why did the U.S. unleash its terrible weapon? . The New American , 11 August 21 : 21 – 28 .
  • Mechling , E. W. and Mechling , J. 1991 . The campaign for civil defense and the struggle to naturalize the bomb.” . Western Journal of Speech Communication , 55 : 105 – 133 .
  • Mechling , E. W. and Mechling , J. 1992 . Hot pacifism and cold war: The American Friends Service Committee's witness for peace in 1950s America . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 78 : 173 – 196 .
  • Mechling , E. W. and Mechling , J. 1995 . The atom according to Disney . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 81 : 436 – 453 .
  • Medhurst , M. J. 1987 . Eisenhower's “Atoms for Peace” speech: A case study in the strategic use of language . Communication Monographs , 54 : 204 – 219 .
  • Medhurst , M. J. 1988 . Truman's rhetorical reticence, 1945–1947: An interpretive essay . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 74 : 52 – 70 .
  • Medhurst , M. J. , Gonzalez , A. and Peterson , T. R. , eds. 1990 . Communication and the culture of technology , Pullman, WA : Washington State University Press .
  • Medhurst , M. J. , Ivie , R. L. , Wander , P. and Scott , R. L. 1990 . Cold war rhetoric: Strategy, metaphor, and ideology , (Vol. 19) , New York : Greenwood Press .
  • Messmer , M. W. 1988 . “Thinking it through completely”: The interpretation of nuclear culture . The Centennial Review , 32 : 397 – 413 .
  • Minear , R. H. 1995 . Atomic holocaust, Nazi holocaust: Some reflections . Diplomatic History , 19 : 347 – 366 .
  • Moore , M. P. 1992 . “The Quayle quagmire”: Political campaigns in the poetic form of burlesque . Western Journal of Communication , 56 : 108 – 124 .
  • Mumby , D. K. 1994 . Communication and power: In organizations, ideology and domination , Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
  • Nadel , A. 1988 . Rhetoric, sanity, and the cold war: The signification of Holden Caulfield's testimony . The Centennial Review , 32 : 351 – 371 .
  • Newman , R. P. 1994 . What new consensus? . The Washington Post , November 30 : A 27
  • Newman , R. P. 1995a . Ending the war with Japan: Paul Nitze's “early surrender” counterfactual . Pacific Historical Review , 62 : 167 – 194 .
  • Newman , R. P. 1995b . Truman and the Hiroshima cult , East Lansing, MI : Michigan State University Press .
  • Nobile , P. , ed. 1995 . Judgment at the Smithsonian , New York : Marlowe .
  • Norris , C. 1987 . Against postmodernism: Derrida, Kant and nuclear politics . Paragraph , 9 : 1 – 29 .
  • Norris , C. 1992 . Uncritical theory: Postmodernity, intellectuals, and the gulf war , London : Lawrence and Wisehart .
  • Norris , C. 1994 . “Nuclear criticism” ten years on . Prose Studies , 17 : 130 – 139 .
  • Oak Ridge Scientists . mid‐July 1945 . “ Oak Ridge Petition, mid‐July 1945 ” . mid‐July , U.S. National Archives . Record Group 77, Records of the Chief of Engineers, Manhattan Engineer District, Harrison‐Bundy File, folder 76 [On‐line]. Available: http//www.peak.org/∼danneng/decision/oakridge2.html.
  • Ono , K. and Sloop , J. 1992 . Commitment to telos: A sustained critical rhetoric . Communication Monographs , 59 : 48 – 60 .
  • Oppenheimer , J. R. 1945 . Recommendations on the immediate use of nuclear weapons , U.S. National Archives . Record Group 77, Records of the Office of the Chief of Engineers, Manhattan Engineer District, Harrison‐Bundy File, Folder 76 [Online]. Available: http://www.peak.org/∼danneng/decision/scipanel.html.
  • Osteen , M. 1990 . Against the end: Asceticism and apocalypse in Don Delillo's . End Zone. Papers on Language and Literature , 26 : 143 – 163 .
  • Perry , W. 1995 . Pursuing a strategy of mutual assured safety . Defense Issues , 10 (3) : 1 – 7 . [Original speech made to the National Press Club, Washington, D.C.]
  • Polmar , N. and Allen , T. B. 1995 . The bomb minimized casualties . Technology Review , 98 August/September : 53 – 54 .
  • Porter , J. 1990 . Three quarks for muster mark”: Quantum wordplay and nuclear discourse in Russell Hoban's . Ridley Walker. Contemporary Literature , 31 : 448 – 569 .
  • Powell , K. A. 1995 . The Association of Southern Women and the prevention of lynching: Strategies of a movement in the comic frame . Communication Quarterly , 43 : 86 – 99 .
  • Powers , J. R. and Muckerman , J. E. 1994 . Rethink the nuclear threat . Orbis , 38 : 99 – 108 .
  • August 15 1960 . “ President Truman did not understand ” . In U.S. News and World Report August 15 , 68 – 71 . [On‐line]. Available: http://www.peak.org/∼danneng/decision/usnews.html
  • Rhodes , R. 1986 . The making of the atomic bomb , New York : Simon and Schuster .
  • Rhodes , R. 1995 . Dark sun: The making of the hydrogen bomb , New York : Simon and Schuster .
  • Roberts , C. M. 1994 . Our bombs or the bomb? . Washington Post , October 16 : C3
  • Robinson , D. 1985 . American apocalypse: The image of the end of the world in American literature , Baltimore, MD : Johns Hopkins University Press .
  • Rosenfeld , S. S. 1995 . The revisionists’ agenda . Washington Post , August 4 : A23
  • Rushing , J. H. 1986 . Ronald Reagan's “Star Wars” address: Mythic containment of technical reasoning . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 72 : 415 – 433 .
  • Ruthven , K. 1993 . Nuclear criticism , Carlton, Victoria : Melbourne University Press .
  • Rybacki , K. C. and Rybacki , D. J. 1995 . Competition in the comic frame: A Burkean analysis of vintage sports car racing . Southern Communication Journal , 61 : 76 – 89 .
  • Scheick , W. J. 1990 . Nuclear criticism: An introduction . Papers on Language and Literature , 26 : 3 – 12 .
  • Schiappa , E. 1989 . The rhetoric of nukespeak . Communication Monographs , 56 : 253 – 271 .
  • Schlesinger , L. 1942 . The duktators , Los Angeles : Warner Brothers . (Producer).
  • Schwenger , P. 1990 . Post nuclear post card . Papers on Language and Literature , 26 : 164 – 181 .
  • Schwenger , P. 1992 . Letter bomb: Nuclear holocaust and the exploding word , Baltimore, MD : The John Hopkins University Press .
  • Schoenberger , W. S. 1969 . Decision of destiny , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
  • Seabury , P. and Codevilla , A. 1989 . War: Ends and means , New York : Basic Books .
  • Sherry , M. S. 1987 . The rise of American air power , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
  • Sherwin , M. J. 1977 . A world destroyed: The atomic bomb and the grand alliance , New York : Vintage .
  • Sherwin , M. J. 1995 . Hiroshima as politics and history . Journal of American History , 82 : 1085 – 1093 .
  • Skates , J. R. 1994 . The invasion of Japan: Alternative to the bomb , Columbia : University of South Carolina Press .
  • Smetak , J. R. 1990 . So long mom: The politics of nuclear holocaust fiction . Papers on Language and Literature , 26 : 41 – 59 .
  • Smith , J. 1984 . Unthinking the unthinkable: Nuclear weapons and Western culture , Bloomington : Indiana University Press .
  • Sodei , R. 1995 . Hiroshima/Nagasaki as history and politics . Journal of American History , 82 : 1118 – 1123 .
  • Sofia , Z. 1984 . Exterminating fetuses: Abortion, disarmament, and the sexo‐semiotics of extraterrestrialism . Diacritics , 14 : 47 – 59 .
  • Solomon , J. F. 1988 . Discourse and reference in the nuclear age , Norman, OK : University of Oklahoma Press .
  • Solomon , J. F. 1990 . Probable circumstances, potential worlds: History, futurity and the “nuclear referent.” . Papers on Language and Literature , 26 : 60 – 71 .
  • Spector , R. H. 1985 . Eagle against the sun: The American war with Japan , New York : Free Press .
  • Stimson , H. L. 1947 . The decision to use the bomb . Harper's Magazine , 194 February : 97 – 107 .
  • Szilard , L. July 3 1945a . Szilard petition, first version, July 3, 1945 , July 3 , U.S. National Archives . Record Group 77, Records of the Chief of Engineers, Manhattan Engineer District, Harrison‐Bundy File, folder 76 [On‐line]. Available: http://www.peak.org/∼danneng/decision/45–07–03.html
  • Szilard , L. July 17 1945b . Apetition to the President of the United States , July 17 , U.S. National Archives . Record Group 77, Records of the Chief of Engineers, Manhattan Engineer District, Harrison‐Bundy File, folder 76 [On‐line]. Available: http://www.peak.org/∼danneng/decision/45–07–17.html.
  • Takaki , R. 1995 . Hiroshima: Why America dropped the atomic bomb , Boston : Little, Brown .
  • Taylor , B. C. 1990 . Reminiscences of Los Alamos: Narrative, critical theory and the organizational subject . Western Journal of Speech Communication , 54 : 395 – 415 .
  • Taylor , B. C. 1992 . The politics of nuclear text: Reading Robert Oppenheimer's letters and recollections . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 78 : 429 – 449 .
  • Taylor , B. C. 1993a . Fat Man and Little Boy: The cinematic representation of interests in the nuclear weapons organization . Critical Studies in Mass Communication , 10 : 367 – 394 .
  • Taylor , B. C. 1993b . Register of the repressed: Women's voice and body in the nuclear weapons organization . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 79 : 267 – 285 .
  • Taylor , B. C. 1995 . The bomb in pop culture . Technology Review , 98 August/September : 62 – 63 .
  • Taylor , B. C. 1996 . Make bomb, save world: Reflections on dialogic nuclear ethnography . Journal of Contemporary Ethnography , 25 : 120 – 143 .
  • Thelen , D. 1995 . History after the Enola Gay controversy: An introduction . Journal of American History , 82 : 1029 – 1035 .
  • Truman , H. S. 1955 . Memoirs by Harry S. Truman (Vol. 1, Year of Decisions) , Garden City, NY : Doubleday .
  • United States Strategic Bombing Survey . July 1 1946a . Summary report (Pacific War) , July 1 , Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office .
  • United States Strategic Bombing Survey . July 1 1946b . Japan's struggle to end the war , July 1 , Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office .
  • Van de Velde , J. R. 1995 . Enola Gay saved lives, period . Washington Post , February 10 : A23
  • Villa , B. L. and Bonnett , J. 1996 . Understanding indignation: Gar Alperovitz, Robert Maddox, and the decision to use the atomic bomb . Reviews in American History , 24 : 529 – 536 .
  • Wainstock , D. D. 1996 . The decision to drop the atomic bomb , Westport, CT : Praeger .
  • Walker , J. S. 1990 . The decision to use the bomb: Ahistoriographical update . Diplomatic History , 14 : 97 – 114 .
  • Walker , J. S. 1995 . History, collective memory, and the decision to use the bomb . Diplomatic History , 19 : 319 – 328 .
  • Wander , P. 1983 . The ideological turn in modern criticism . Central States Speech Journal , 34 : 1 – 18 .
  • Wander , P. 1984 . The third persona . Central States Speech Journal , 35 : 197 – 216 .
  • Wander , P. 1996 . Marxism, post‐colonialism, and rhetorical contextualization . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 82 : 402 – 426 .
  • Washburn , W. E. 1995 . The Smithsonian and the . Enola Gay. The National Interest , 40 : 40 – 49 .
  • Weart , S. R. 1988 . Nuclear fear: A history of images , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Weiss , S. S. 1990 . From Hiroshima to Chernobyl: Literary warnings in the nuclear age . Papers on Language and Literature , 26 : 90 – 111 .
  • Williams , D. C. 1988 . Nuclear criticism: In pursuit of a “politically enabling” deconstructive voice . Journal of the American Forensic Association , 24 : 193 – 205 .
  • Woods , T. A. 1995 . Museums and the public doing history together . Journal of American History , 82 : 1111 – 1115 .
  • Zagacki , K. S. and King , A. 1989 . Reagan, romance and technology: A critique of “Star Wars.” . Communication Studies , 40 : 1 – 12 .
  • Zins , D. L. 1990 . Exploding the canon: Nuclear criticism in the English department . Papers on Language and Literature , 26 : 13 – 40 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.