After-School Literacy Engagements With Struggling Readers

REFERENCES

• Alloway , N. , & Gilbert , P. ( 1997 ). Boys and literacy: Lessons from Australia . Gender and Education , 9 ( 1 ), 49 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Alvermann , D. E. ( 2005 ). Literacy on the edge: How close are we to closing the literacy achievement gap? Voices from the Middle , 14 ( 1 ), 8 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , E. ( 2008 ). The code of the streets . In M. L. Frampton , I. H. Lopez & J. Simon (Eds.), After the war on crime: Race, democracy, and new reconstruction (pp. 73 – 88 ). New York : New York University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Barton , D. , & Hamilton , M. ( 2000 ). Literacy practices . In D. Barton , M. Hamilton & R. Ivanic (Eds.), Situated literacies: Reading and writing in context (pp. 7 – 15 ). London , England : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Bradby , M. ( 1995 ). More than anything else . New York , NY : Scholastic .
   Google Scholar
• Ciardiello , A. V. ( 2004 ). A democracy's young heroes: An instructional model of critical literacy practices . Reading Teacher , 58 , 138 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delpit , L. D. ( 1995 ). Other people's children: Cultural conflict in the classroom . New York , NY : New Press .
   Google Scholar
• Duke , N. K. , & Mallette , M. H. (Eds.). ( 2004 ). Literacy research methodologies . New York , NY : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , L. E. ( 2005 ). Overcoming biases to effectively serve African American college students: A call to the profession . Counseling Student Journal , 39 , 702 – 710 .
   Google Scholar
• Dyson , A. H. ( 2003 ). The brothers and sisters learn to write: Popular literacies in childhood and school cultures . New York , NY : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Franklin , C. W. ( 1994 ). Men's studies, the men's movement, and the study of Black masculinities: Further demystification of masculinities in America . In R. G. Majors & J. U. Gordon (Eds.), The American Black male: His present status and his future (pp. 3 – 19 ). Chicago , IL : Nelson-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Franzak , J. K. (2006). Zoom: A review of the literature on marginalized adolescent readers, literacy theory, and policy implications. Review of Educational Research , 76, 209–248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freire , P. ( 1994 ). Pedagogy of hope: Reliving pedagogy of oppression . New York , NY : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Garcia , S. B. , & Guerra , P. L. ( 2004 ). Deconstructing deficit thinking . Education and Urban Society , 36 , 150 – 168 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gay , G. ( 2000 ). Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research, and practice . New York , NY : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gee , J. P. ( 2000 ). Discourse and sociocultural studies in reading . In M. L. Kamil , P. B. Mosenthal , P. D. Pearson & R. Barr (Eds.), Handbook of reading research Vol 3 (pp. 195 – 207 ). Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Gee , J. P. ( 2003 ). What video games have to teach us about learning and literacy . New York , NY : Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Gee , J. P. ( 2008 ). Social linguistics and literacies: Ideology in discourses . New York , NY : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Gorski , P. C. ( 2007 ). The question of class . Education Digest , 73 ( 2 ), 30 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Gutierrez , K. D. , Morales , P. Z. , & Martinez , D. C. ( 2009 ). Re-mediating literacy: Culture, difference, and learning for students from nondominant communities . Review of Research in Education , 33 ( 1 ), 212 – 245 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haberman , M. ( 1995 ). Star teachers of children in poverty . Bloomington , IN : Kappa Delta Pi .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , L. ( 2009 ). Struggling reader, struggling teacher: An examination of student-teacher transactions with reading instruction and text in social studies . Research in the Teaching of English , 43 , 286 – 309 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , L. A. , & Piazza , S. V. ( 2008 ). Critically reading texts: What students do and how teachers can help . The Reading Teacher , 62 ( 1 ), 32 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harry , B. , & Klingner , J. ( 2007 ). Discarding the deficit model . Educational Leadership , 64 ( 5 ), 16 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart , B. , & Risley , T. R. ( 1995 ). Meaningful differences in the everyday experiences of young American children . Baltimore , MD : Brookes .
   Google Scholar
• Heath , S. B. ( 1982 ). What no bedtime story means: Narrative skills at home and school . Language in Society , 11 , 49 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez-Sheets , R. ( 2003 ). Competency vs. good intentions: Diversity ideologies and teacher potential . Qualitative Studies in Education , 16 ( 1 ), 111 – 120 .
   Google Scholar
• Hinchman , K. ( 2009 , December ). Literacy identities: Who is responsible?. Presidential address presented at the meeting of the National Reading Conference, Albuquerque, NM.
   Google Scholar
• Howard , T. C. ( 2001 ). Powerful pedagogy for African American students: A case of four teachers . Urban Education , 36 , 179 – 202 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hruby , G. G. ( 2001 ). Sociological, postmodern, and new realism perspectives in social constructionism: Implications for literacy research . Reading Research Quarterly , 36 ( 1 ), 48 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , R. C. , & Schoeni , R. F. (2007 , February). The influence of early-life events on human capital, health status, and labor market outcomes over the life course (University of Michigan National Poverty Center Working Paper No. 07–05). Retrieved from http://www.npc.umich.edu/publications/working_papers/?publication_id=117&
   Google Scholar
• Juel , C. ( 1994 ). Learning to read and write in one elementary school . New York , NY : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Kirk , D. H. , & Goon , S. ( 1975 ). Desegregation and the cultural deficit model: An examination of the literature . Review of Educational Research , 45 , 599 – 611 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkland , D. E. , & Jackson , A. ( 2009 ). “We real cool”: Toward a theory of Black masculine literacies . Reading Research Quarterly , 44 , 278 – 297 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klingner , J. K. , & Edwards , P. E. ( 2006 ). Cultural considerations with response to intervention models . Reading Research Quarterly , 41 ( 1 ), 108 – 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunjufu , J. ( 2002 ). Black students/middle class teachers . Chicago , IL : African American Images .
   Google Scholar
• Ladson-Billings , G. ( 1995 ). But that's just good teaching! The case for culturally relevant pedagogy . Theory Into Practice , 34 , 159 – 165 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladson-Billings , G. ( 2006 ). From the achievement gap to the education debt: Understanding achievement in U.S. schools . Education Researcher , 35 ( 7 ), 3 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Leslie , L. , & Caldwell , J. ( 2005 ). Qualitative reading inventory-4 (QRI-4) . New York , NY : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , C. ( 2001 ). Literacy practices as social acts: Power, status and cultural norms in the classroom . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , C. , Enciso , P. E. , & Moje , E. B. ( 2007 ). Reframing sociocultural research on literacy: Identity, agency, and power . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , C. W. , James , M. , Hancock , S. , & Hill-Jackson , V. ( 2008 ). Framing African American students' success and failure in urban settings: A typology for change . Urban Education , 43 , 127 – 153 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luke , A. ( 2003 ). Literacy and the other: A sociological approach to literacy research and policy in multilingual societies . Reading Research Quarterly , 38 ( 1 ), 132 – 141 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luke , A. , Freebody , P. , & Land , R. ( 2000 ). Literate futures: Review of literacy education . Brisbane , Queensland, Australia : Education Queensland .
   Google Scholar
• Mandara , J. ( 2006 ). The impact of family functioning on African American males' academic achievement: A review and clarification of the empirical literature . Teachers College Record , 108 , 206 – 223 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGee , G. W. ( 2004 ). Closing the achievement gap: Lessons from Illinois' golden spike high-poverty high performing schools . Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk , 9 , 97 – 126 .
   Google Scholar
• McGill-Franzen , A. , & Botzakis , S. ( 2009 ). Series books, graphic novels, comics, and magazines: Unauthorized texts, authorized literacy practices . In E. H. Hiebert (Ed.), Reading more, reading better (pp. 101 – 117 ). New York , NY : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Meyer , R. J. ( 2010 ). Official portraits and unofficial counter portraits of “at risk” students: Writing spaces in hard times . New York , NY : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Mishler , E. G. ( 1991 ). Research interviewing: Context and narrative . Cambridge , MA : First Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Moje , E. B. , Young , J. P. , Readance , J. E. , & Moore , D. W. ( 2000 ). Reinventing adolescent literacy for new times: Perennial and millennial issues . Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy , 43 , 400 – 410 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muth , W. R. (2009). Reading strategies for middle and high school students: A review of the literature . Richmond : Virginia Commonwealth University, Metropolitan Educational Research Consortium.
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Education Statistics . ( 2003 ). The condition of education 2003 (NCES Publication No. 2003–067). Retrieved from http://www.nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/2003067.pdf
   Google Scholar
• No Child Left Behind . ( 2002 ). Closing the achievement gap in America's public schools . Retrieved from http://www.ed.gov/nclb/overview/welcome/closing/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Payne , R. K. ( 2005 ). A framework for understanding poverty , 4th ed. Highlands , TX : Aha! Process .
   Google Scholar
• Piazza , S. V. ( 2011 ). It's not black and white: Stories of lived experience, reading, and assessments . In K. F. Malu (ed.), Voices in the middle: Narrative inquiry by, for, and about the middle level community (pp. 55 – 81 ). Charlotte , NC : Information Age Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Pressley , M. ( 2000 ). What should comprehension instruction be the instruction of? In M. L. Kamil , P. Mosenthal , P. D. Pearson & R. Barr (Eds.), Handbook of reading research (Vol. 3 , pp. 545 – 561 ). Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Pritchard , R. ( 1990 ). The effects of cultural schemata on reading processing strategies . Reading Research Quarterly , 25 , 273 – 295 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proctor , B. D. , & Dalaker , J. ( 2002 ). Poverty in the United States: 2001 population reports . Washington , DC : U.S. Government Printing Office . (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED469530) .
   Google Scholar
• Richardson , E. , & Troutman , D. ( 2006 ). Facing the challenges of multicultural and multilingual education in a multiply literate world . Language Arts , 84 , 171 – 172 .
   Google Scholar
• Sanchez-Hucles , J. ( 2000 ). The first session with African Americans: A step by step guide . San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Sawyer , C. ( 1999 ). Life as a Black man . Redondo Beach , CA : Underground Games .
   Google Scholar
• Seegers , W. ( 2006 ). The hip hop game of skillz [Board game] . Detroit , MI : Generations to Come .
   Google Scholar
• Soter , A. O. , Wilkinson , I. A. , Murphy , P. K. , Rudge , L. , Reninger , K. , & Edwards , M. ( 2008 ). What the discourse tells us: Talk and indicators of high-level comprehension . International Journal of Educational Research , 47 , 372 – 391 .
   Google Scholar
• Spradley , J. P. ( 1980 ). Participant observation . New York , NY : Holt, Rinehart, & Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Spring , D. W. , Lynch , C. , & Rubin , A. ( 2000 ). Effects of a solution-focused mutual aid group for Hispanic children of incarcerated parents . Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal , 17 ( 6 ), 43 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Stake , R. ( 2000 ). Case studies . In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research , 2nd ed. (pp. 435 – 454 ). Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Strauss , A. , & Corbin , J. ( 1990 ). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques . Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Sue , S. ( 2006 ). Cultural competency: From philosophy to research and practice . Journal of Community Psychology , 34 , 237 – 245 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tatum , A. W. ( 2000 ). Breaking down barriers that disenfranchise African American adolescent readers in low-level tracks . Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy , 44 ( 1 ), 52 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tatum , A. W. (2005). Teaching reading to Black adolescent males: Closing the achievement gap . Portland , ME : Stenhouse.
   Google Scholar
• Tatum , A. W. ( 2006 ). Engaging African American males in reading . Educational Leadership , 63 ( 5 ), 44 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandiver , B. J. , & Duncan , L. E. ( 2009 ). Toward practicing culturally sound counseling: A synthesis of current clinical research . In M. M. Leach & J. Aten (Eds.), Culture and the therapeutic process: A guide for therapists (pp. 255 – 299 ). Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Vanneman , A. , Hamilton , L. , Baldwin Anderson , J. , & Rahman , T. ( 2009 ). Achievement gaps: How Black and White students in public schools perform in mathematics and reading on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NCES Publication No. 2009–455) . Washington , DC : National Center for Education Statistics .
   Google Scholar
• Vasudevan , L. , & Campano , G. ( 2009 ). The social production of adolescent risk and the promise of adolescent literacies . Review of Research in Education , 33 , 310 – 353 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welford , T. M. ( 2011 ). Code-meshing and creative assignments: How students can stop worrying and learn to write like da bomb . In V. A. Young & A. Martinez (Eds.), Code-meshing as world English: Pedagogy, policy, performance (pp. 21 – 54 ). Urbana , IL : National Council of Teachers of English .
   Google Scholar
• Wheeler , R. , & Swords , R. ( 2004 ). Code switching: Tools of language and culture transform the dialectally diverse classroom . Language Arts , 81 , 470 – 480 .
   Google Scholar
• White , B. ( 2007 ). Are girls better readers than boys? Which boys? Which girls? Canadian Journal of Education , 30 , 554 – 581 .
   Google Scholar