Publication Cover
Reading & Writing Quarterly
Overcoming Learning Difficulties
Volume 39, 2023 - Issue 2
717
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Case for Tutoring Struggling Readers in the Primary Grades

References

  • Adams, M. (1990). Beginning to read: Thinking and learning about print. MIT Press.
  • Barr, R. (1973). Instructional pace differences and their effect on reading acquisition. Reading Research Quarterly, 9(4), 526–554. https://doi.org/10.2307/747001
  • Brown, K., Morris, D., & Fields, M. (2005). Providing reading intervention after grade one: Serving increased numbers of struggling readers effectively. Journal of Literacy Research, 37(1), 1, 61–94. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15548430jlr3701_3
  • Clay, M. (1979). The early detection of reading difficulties. Heinemann.
  • Clay, M. (1993). Reading Recovery: A guidebook for teachers in training. Heinemann.
  • Elbaum, B., Vaughn, S., Hughes, M., & Moody, S. (2000). How effective are one-to-one tutoring programs in reading for elementary students at-risk for reading failure? A meta-analysis of the intervention research. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(4), 605–619. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.92.4.605
  • Guszak, F. J. (1997). Reading for students with special needs (2nd ed.). Kendall/Hunt.
  • Hoover, W., & Gough, P. (1990). The simple view of reading. Reading and Writing, 2(2), 127–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00401799
  • Iversen, S., & Tunmer, W. (1993). Phonological processing skills and the Reading Recovery program. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85(1), 1, 112–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.85.1.112
  • Juel, C. (1988). Learning to read and write: A longitudinal study of 54 children from first through fourth grade. Journal of Educational Psychology, 80(4), 437–447. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.80.4.437
  • Kennedy, M., Birman, B., & Demaline, R. (1986). The effectiveness of Chapter I programs. U.S. Department of Education.
  • Morris, D. (1992). What constitutes “at-risk”: Screening children for first-grade reading intervention. In W. Secord (Ed.), Best practices in school speech-language pathology (Vol. 2, pp. 43–51). Psychological Corporation.
  • Morris, D. (1995). First steps: An early reading intervention program. Unpublished manuscript (p. 30). Appalachian State University Reading Clinic. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. 388 956).
  • Morris, D. (2003). Of Studebakers and reading clinicians. American Reading Forum Online Yearbook (Vol. XXII). www.americanreadingforum.org/03_yearbook/volume03toc.htm
  • Morris, D. (2005). A Title I reading success story. Reading Research and Instruction, 45(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388070509558439
  • Morris, D. (2011, May). Practicum training for teachers of struggling readers. Phi Delta Kappan, 92(8), 54–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/003172171109200811
  • Morris, D. (2021). A Studebaker’s memoir: Preventing reading failure in grades 1–3. Fieldstream Publications.
  • Morris, D., Shaw, B., & Perney, J. (1990). Helping low readers in grades 2 and 3: An after- school, volunteer tutoring program. Elementary School Journal, 91(2), 133–147.
  • Morris, D., Trathen, W., Gill, T., Perney, J., Schlagal, R., Ward, D., & Frye, E. (2019). Reading instructional level from a print-processing perspective. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 35(6), 6, 556–571. https://doi.org/10.1080/10573569.2019.1598311
  • Morris, D., Trathen, W., Perney, J., Gill, T., Schlagal, R., Ward, D., & Frye, E. (2017). Three DIBELS tasks vs. three informal reading/spelling tasks: A comparison of predictive validity. Reading Psychology, 38(3), 289–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/02702711.2016.1263700
  • Morris, D., Trathen, W., Perney, J., Gill, T., Schlagal, R., Ward, D., & Frye, E. (2018). Tracking children’s print-processing skill across grades 1–3: Implications for reading assessment and instruction. Reading Psychology, 39(8), 8, 820–854. https://doi.org/10.1080/02702711.2018.1547805
  • Morris, D., Tyner, B., & Perney, J. (2000). Early Steps: Replicating the effects of a first-grade reading intervention program. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(4), 681–693.
  • National Assessment of Educational Progress (2009). Descriptions of the NAEP reading achievement levels by grade. https://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/reading/achieve.aspx#2009grade4
  • Nation’s Report Card (2019). Fourth-grade reading scores, nationwide, on the National Assessment of Educational Progress: 2005–2019. www.nationsreportcard.gov/reading/nation/achievement/?grade=4
  • Open Letter From 30 Reading Researchers (2002). Experts say Reading Recovery is not effective: Leaves too many children behind. https://www.wrightslaw.com/info/read.rr.ltr.experts.htm
  • Pinnell, G. S., Lyons, C. A., DeFord, D. E., Bryk, A. S., & Seltzer, M. (1994). Comparing instructional models for the literacy education of high-risk first graders. Reading Research Quarterly, 29(1), 8–39. https://doi.org/10.2307/747736
  • Santa, C., & Høien, T. (1999). An assessment of Early Steps: A program for early intervention of reading problems. Reading Research Quarterly, 34(1), 54–79. https://doi.org/10.1598/RRQ.34.1.4
  • Sarason, S. (1971). The culture of the school and the problem of change. Allyn and Bacon.
  • Shanahan, T. (1998). On the effectiveness and limitations of tutoring in reading. Review of Research in Education, 23, 1, 217–234. https://doi.org/10.2307/1167291
  • Shanahan, T., & Barr, R. (1995). Reading Recovery: An independent evaluation of the effects of an early instructional intervention for at-risk learners. Reading Research Quarterly, 30(4), 958–996. https://doi.org/10.2307/748206
  • Slavin, R. (1991). Chapter I: A vision for the next quarter century. Phi Delta Kappan, 72, 586–589.
  • Slavin, R. (2003). Why reading reform is essential (Chapter 1). In Morris & Slavin (Eds.), Every child reading (pp. 1–7). Allyn & Bacon.
  • Slavin, R., Lake, C., Davis, S., & Madden, N. (2011). Effective programs for struggling readers: A best-evidence synthesis. Educational Research Review, 6(1), 1, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2010.07.002
  • Stanovich, K. (1986). Matthew effects in reading: Some consequences of individual differences in the acquisition of literacy. Reading Research Quarterly, 21(4), 360–406. https://doi.org/10.1598/RRQ.21.4.1
  • United States (1965). Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965: HR 2362, 89th Congress, 1st sess., Public Law 89-10.
  • Veatch, J. (1978). Reading in the elementary school (2nd ed.). Ronald Press.
  • Wasik, B., & Slavin, R. (1990). Preventing early reading failure with one-to-one tutoring: A best-evidence synthesis. Unpublished manuscript (p. 28). Johns Hopkins University. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. 324 122).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.