A Historical Analysis of Mass Casualty Bombers

References

• Timothy McVeigh as quoted in Lois Romano, "McVeigh Admits Bombing That Killed 168," Washington Post, 30 March 2001, p. A2.
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• Brian Michael Jenkins, The Likelihood of Nuclear Terrorism, RAND Paper P-7119 (July 1985), p. 7.
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• Brian Michael Jenkins, The Future Course of International Terrorism, RAND Paper P7139 (September 1985), p. 5. September 11 may be offered as proof of terrorist efforts to counteract this trend.
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• Similar accusations have been leveled against the Russian government by Boris Kagarlitsky, 'Terrorism Benefits the State," The Moscow Times, 4 September 2001, p. 13.
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• Jay Robert Nash, Terrorism in the 20th Century (New York: M. Evans and Company, 1998), p. 327.
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• This list of cases is principally drawn from the following sources: the RAND Chronology of International Terrorism for international incidents between 1968 and 1998; Jay Robert Nash, "A Chronology of 20th Century Terrorism, 1900-1998" in Terrorism in the 20th Century: A Narrative Encyclopedia from the Anarchists through the Weathermen to the Unabomber (New York: M. Evans and Co., 1998), pp. 289-412 for domestic and international events from 1946 to 1998; and author research of open news sources, principally the New York Times, for all incidents from 1946 to 2000. A complete chronology with specific references is also available on the website of the Terrorism Research Center (www.terrorism.com).
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• Brian Michael Jenkins, Will Terrorists Go Nuclear?, RAND Paper P-5541 (November 1975), p. 4.
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• See, for example, Steven Simon and Daniel Benjamin, "America and the New Terrorism," Survival 42(1) (Spring 2000).
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• United States Department of State, Patterns of Global Terrorism (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000), pp. 33-37.
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• See, for example, Yoram Schweitzer, Suicide Terrorism: Development and Characteristics, International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism, 21 April 2000, available at (www.ict.org.il); Ehud Sprinzak, "Rational Fanatics," Foreign Policy (September/October 2000), pp. 66-68; and Harvey Kushner, "Suicide Bombers: Business as Usual," Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 19(4) (1996).
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• compared to 25 each for the next most prolific, Hezbollah/Amal and other Lebanese groups. Yoram Schweitzer, Suicide Terrorism: Development and Characteristics.
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• Sprinzak, "Rational Fanatics," pp. 66-67.
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• Ehud Sprinzak, "Revisiting the Superterrorism Debate," Foreign Policy, available at (www.foreignpolicy.com/issue_SeptQct_2001/sprinzakre visiting .html).
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• Schweitzer, Suicide Terrorism.
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• See, for example, Brace Hoffman, Holy Terror: The Implications of Terrorism Motivated by a Religious Imperative, RAND Paper P-7834 (June 1993); Mark Jurgensmeyer, Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000); and Simon and Benjamin, "America and the New Terrorism."
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• See David Rapoport's seminal article on religious terrorism, "Fear and Trembling: Terrorism in Three Religious Traditions," American Political Science Review 78(3) (September 1984), pp. 658-677.
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• Jurgensmeyer, Terror in the Mind of God.
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• Bruce Hoffman, Inside Terrorism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998), pp. 105-107.
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• See, for example, Richard A. Falkenrath, Robert D. Newman, and Bradley A. Thayer, America's Achilles Heel: Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Terrorism and Covert Attack (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999).
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• Paul Wilkinson, "Editor's Introduction: Technology and Terrorism," Terrorism and Political Violence, Special Issue on Technology and Terrorism, 5(2) (Summer 1993), p. 4.
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• Bruce Hoffman, 'Terrorist Targeting: Tactics, Trends, and Potentialities," Terrorism and Political Violence, Special Issue on Technology and Terrorism, 5(2) (Summer 1993), p. 12.
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• Brian Michael Jenkins, Some Reflections on Recent Trends in Terrorism, RAND Paper P-6897 (1983), p. 1.
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• Bruce Hoffman, 'Terrorist Targeting: Tactics," p. 21.
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• Wilkinson, "Editor's Introduction," p. 7.
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• Paul Wilkinson, "Designing an Effective International Aviation Security System," Terrorism and Political Violence, Special Issue on Technology and Terrorism, 5(2) (Summer 1993), p. 107.
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• Jenkins, The Future Course, p. 6.
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