Political Inequalities Start at Home: Parents, Children, and the Socialization of Civic Infrastructure Online

References

• Allison, P. D. (2009). Fixed effects regression models. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Arminger, G. (1987). Misspecification, asymptotic stability, and ordinal variables in the analysis of panel data. Sociological Methods & Research, 15(3), 336–348. doi:10.1177/0049124187015003007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkin, C. K., & Gantz, W. (1978). Television news and political socialization. Public Opinion Quarterly, 42(2), 183–194. doi:10.1086/268442
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball-Rokeach, S. J., Kim, Y. C., & Matei, S. (2001). Storytelling neighborhood: Paths to belonging in diverse urban environments. Communication Research, 28(4), 392–428. doi:10.1177/009365001028004003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bimber, B. (2003). Information and American democracy: Technology in the evolution of political power. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bimber, B., Cunill, M. C., Copeland, L., & Gibson, R. (2015). Digital media and political participation: The moderating role of political interest across acts and over time. Social Science Computer Review, 33(1), 21–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady, H. E., Schlozman, K. L., & Verba, S. (1999). Prospecting for participants: Rational expectations and the recruitment of political activists. The American Political Science Review, 93(1), 153–168. doi:10.2307/2585767
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bucher, T. (2012). Want to be on the top? Algorithmic power and the threat of invisibility on Facebook. New Media & Society, 14(7), 1164–1180. doi:10.1177/1461444812440159
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaffee, S. H., McLeod, J. M., & Atkin, C. K. (1971). Parental influences on adolescent media use. American Behavioral Scientist, 14(3), 323–340. doi:10.1177/000276427101400304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, H., & Yadron, D. (2016, January 28). How Facebook tracks and profits from voters in a $10bn U.S. election. The Guardian. Retrieved February 1, 2016 from http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jan/28/facebook-voters-us-election-ted-cruz-targeted-ads-trump
   Google Scholar
• Dylko, I. B. (2015). How technology encourages political selective exposure. Communication Theory. Advance online publication. doi:10.1111/comt.12089
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedland, L. A. (2015). Networks in place. American Behavioral Scientist, 60(1), 24–42. doi:10.1177/0002764215601710
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrett, R. K. (2006). Protest in an information society: A review of literature on social movements and new ICTs. Information, Communication & Society, 9(2), 202–224. doi:10.1080/13691180600630773
   Google Scholar
• Gottfried, J., Barthel, M., Shearer, E., & Mitchell, A. (2016). The 2016 presidential campaign–A news event that’s hard to miss. Pew Research Center. Retrieved March 15, 2016 from http://www.journalism.org/files/2016/02/PJ_2016.02.04_election-news_FINAL.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Hampton, K. N. (2016). Persistent and pervasive community: New communication technologies and the future of community. American Behavioral Scientist, 60(1), 101–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hidi, S., & Reninger, K. A. (2006). The four-phase model of interest development. Educational Psychologist, 41(2), 111–127. doi:10.1207/s15326985ep4102_4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holt, K., Shehata, A., Strömbäck, J., & Ljungberg, E. (2013). Age and the effects of news media attention and social media use on political interest and participation: Do social media function as leveller? European Journal of Communication, 28(1), 19–34. doi:10.1177/0267323112465369
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennings, M. K., Stoker, L., & Bowers, J. (2009). Politics across generations: Family transmission reexamined. The Journal of Politics, 71(3), 782–799. doi:10.1017/S0022381609090719
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaun, A., & Stiernstedt, F. (2014). Facebook time: Technological and institutional affordances for media memories. New Media & Society, 16(7), 1154–1168. doi:10.1177/1461444814544001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y. C., & Ball-Rokeach, S. J. (2006). Civic engagement from a communication infrastructure perspective. Communication Theory, 16(2), 173–197. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2006.00267.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klinger, U., & Svensson, J. (2015). The emergence of network media logic in political communication: A theoretical approach. New Media & Society, 17(8), 1241–1257. doi:10.1177/1461444814522952
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levinson, M. (2010). The civic empowerment gap: Defining the problem and locating solutions. In L. R. Sherrod, J. Torney-Purta, & C. A. Flanagan (Eds.), Handbook of research on civic engagement in youth (pp. 331–361). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Matei, S., & Ball-Rokeach, S. (2003). The Internet in the communication infrastructure of urban residential communities: Macro‐ or mesolinkage? Journal of Communication, 53(4), 642–657. doi:10.1111/jcom.2003.53.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min, S. J. (2010). From the digital divide to the democratic divide: Internet skills, political interest, and the second-level digital divide in political Internet use. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 7(1), 22–35. doi:10.1080/19331680903109402
   Google Scholar
• Niemi, R. G., & Jennings, M. K. (1991). Issues and inheritance in the formation of party identification. American Journal of Political Science, 35(4), 970–988. doi:10.2307/2111502
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pariser, E. (2011). The filter bubble: How the new personalized Web is changing what we read and how we think. New York, NY: The Penguin Press.
   Google Scholar
• Prior, M. (2007). Post-broadcast democracy: How media choice increases inequality in political involvement and polarizes elections. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Prior, M. (2010). You’ve either got it or you don’t? The stability of political interest over the life cycle. The Journal of Politics, 72(3), 747–766. doi:10.1017/S0022381610000149
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rainie, L., & Wellman, B. (2012). Networked: The new social operating system. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rojas, H., Shah, D. V., & Friedland, L. A. (2011). A communicative approach to social capital. Journal of Communication, 61(4), 689–712. doi:10.1111/jcom.2011.61.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlozman, K. L., Verba, S., & Brady, H. E. (2012). The unheavenly chorus: Unequal political voice and the broken promise of American democracy. Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sears, D. O., & Valentino, N. A. (1997). Politics matters: Political events as catalysts for preadult socialization. American Political Science Review, 91(1), 45–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selig, J. P., & Little, T. D. (2012). Autoregressive and cross-lagged panel analysis for longitudinal data. In B. Laursen, T. D. Little, & N. A. Card (Eds.), Handbook of developmental research methods (pp. 265–278). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shah, D. V., Cho, J., Eveland, W. P., & Kwak, N. (2005). Information and expression in a digital age: Modeling Internet effects on civic participation. Communication Research, 32(5), 531–565. doi:10.1177/0093650205279209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, D. V., McLeod, J. M., & Lee, N.-J. (2009). Communication competence as a foundation for civic competence: Processes of socialization into citizenship. Political Communication, 26(1), 102–117. doi:10.1080/10584600802710384
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shulman, H. C., & Levine, T. R. (2012). Exploring social norms as a group-level phenomenon: Do political participation norms exist and influence political participation on college campuses? Journal of Communication, 62(3), 532–552. doi:10.1111/jcom.2012.62.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slater, M. D. (2007). Reinforcing spirals: The mutual influence of media selectivity and media effects and their impact on individual behavior and social identity. Communication Theory, 17(3), 281–303. doi:10.1111/comt.2007.17.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Star, S. L. (1999). The ethnography of infrastructure. American Behavioral Scientist, 43(3), 377–391. doi:10.1177/00027649921955326
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strömbäck, J., Djerf-Pierre, M., & Shehata, A. (2013). The dynamics of political interest and news media consumption: A longitudinal perspective. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 25(4), 414–435. doi:10.1093/ijpor/eds018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorson, K., & Wells, C. (2016). Curated flows: A framework for mapping media exposure in the digital age. Communication Theory, 26(3), 309–328. doi:10.1111/comt.12087
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaala, S. E., & Bleakley, A. (2015). Monitoring, mediating, and modeling: Parental influence on adolescent computer and Internet use in the United States. Journal of Children and Media, 9(1), 40–57. doi:10.1080/17482798.2015.997103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valenzuela, S., Bachmann, I., & Aguilar, M. (2016). Socialized for news media use: How family communication, information-processing needs, and gratifications determine adolescents’ exposure to news. Communication Research. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/0093650215623833
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verba, S., Burns, N., & Schlozman, K. L. (2003). Unequal at the starting line: Creating participatory inequalities across generations and among groups. The American Sociologist, 34(1), 45–69. doi:10.1007/s12108-003-1005-y
   Google Scholar
• Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., & Brady, H. (1995). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Xenos, M., & Moy, P. (2007). Direct and differential effects of the Internet on political and civic engagement. Journal of Communication, 57(4), 704–718. doi:10.1111/jcom.2007.57.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar