References
- Anderson, K., de Vreese, C., & Albæk, E. (2016). Measuring media diet in a high-choice environment – Testing the list-frequency technique. Communication Techniques and Measures, 10(2–3), 81–98. doi:10.1080/19312458.2016.1150973
- Arceneaux, K., & Johnson, M. (2013). Changing minds or changing channels? partian news in an age of choice. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.
- Bennett, L., & Iyengar, S. (2008). A new era of minimal effects? the changing foundations of political communication. Journal of Communication, 58(4), 707–731. doi:10.1111/jcom.2008.58.issue-4
- Boydstun, A. E. (2013). Making the news: Politics, the media, and agenda setting. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Brader, T. (2005). Striking a responsive chord: How political ads motivate and persuade voters by appealing to emotions. American Journal of Political Science, 49(2), 388–405. doi:10.1111/ajps.2005.49.issue-2
- Chadwick, A. (2017). The hybrid media system: Politics and power. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- de Vreese, C. H., & Neijens, P. (2016). Measuring media exposure in a changing communications environment. Communication Methods and Measures, 10(2–3), 69–80.
- Dietrich, B. J., & Juelich, C. L. (2018). When presidential candidates voice party issues, does Twitter listen? Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 28(2), 208–224. doi:10.1080/17457289.2018.1441847
- Dilliplane, S., Goldman, S., & Mutz, D. (2013). Televised exposure to politics: New measures for a fragmented media environment. American Journal of Political Science, 57, 236–248. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00600.x
- Dunaway, J., Searles, K., Sui, M., & Paul, N. (2018). News attention in a mobile era. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 23(2), 107–124. doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmy004
- Epstein, B. (2018). The only constant is change: Technology, political communication, and innovation over time. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Fowler, E. F., Ridout, T. N., & Franz, M. M. (2016). Political advertising in 2016: The presidential election as outlier? The Forum, A Journal of Applied Research in Contemporary Politics, 14(4), 445–469.
- Goldman, S., Mutz, D., & Dilliplane, S. (2013). All virtue is relative: A response to prior. Political Communication, 30(4), 635–653. doi:10.1080/10584609.2013.819540
- Hendricks, J. A., & Kaid, L. L. (2014). Shaping the new presidential campaign. In J. A. Hendricks & L. L. Kaid (Eds.), Techno politics in presidential campaigning: New voices, new technologies and new voters (pp. 3–10). New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
- Holbert, R. L., Garrett, R. K., & Gleason, L. S. (2010). A new era of minimal effects? A response to Bennett and Iyengar. Journal of Communication, 60, 15–34. doi:10.1111/jcom.2010.60.issue-1
- Karpf, D. (2016). Analytic activism: Digital listening and the new political strategy. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Katz, E., & Lazarsfeld, P. F. (1955). Personal influence: The part played by people in the flow of mass communications. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.
- Klar, S., & Shmargad, Y. (2017). The effect of network structure on preference formation. The Journal of Politics, 79(2), 717–721. doi:10.1086/689972
- Lang, K, & Lang, G. E. (1953). The unique perspective of television and its effect: A pilot study. American Sociological Review, 18(1), 3-12. doi:10.2307/2087842
- Lasswell, H. D. (1927). The theory of political propaganda. American Political Science Review, 21(3), 627–631. doi:10.2307/1945515
- Lau, R. R., Sigelman, L., & Rovner, I. B. (2007). The effects of negative political campaigns: A meta-analytic reassessment. The Journal of Politics, 69(4), 1176–1209. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00618.x
- Lazarsfeld, P. F., & Merton, R. K. (1971). Mass communication, popular taste and organized social action. P. Marris & S. Thornham (dir.), Media studies: A reader (2nd ed. pp. 18–30). New York, NY: New York University Press.
- Margetts, H., Peter, J., Hale, S., & Yasseri, T. (2015). Political turbulence: How social media shape collective action. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Muddiman, A., & Stroud, N. J. (2017). News values, cognitive biases, and partisan incivility in comment sections. Journal of Communication, 67(4), 586–609. doi:10.1111/jcom.2017.67.issue-4
- Munger, K. (2016). Tweetment effects on the tweeted: Experimentally reducing racist harassment. Political Behavior. doi:10.1007/s11109-016-9373-5
- Ohme, J., de Vreese, C. H., & Albaek, E. (2017). The uncertain first-time voter: Effects of political media exposure on young citizens’ formation of vote choice in a digital media environment. New Media & Society. doi:10.1177/1461444817745017
- Prior, M. (2007). Post-broadcast democracy: How media choice increases inequality in political involvement and polarizes elections. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Prior, M. (2013). The challenge of measuring media exposure: Reply to Dilliplane, Goldman, and Mutz. Political Communication, 30(4), 620–634. doi:10.1080/10584609.2013.819539
- Ramirez, R. (2005). Giving voice to Latino voters: A field experiment on the effectiveness of a national nonpartisan mobilization effort. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 601, 66–84. doi:10.1177/0002716205278422
- Stromer-Galley, J. (2013). Presidential campaigning in the internet age. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Usher, N. (2016). Interactive news: Data, code, and hacker journalism. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.
- Van Aelst, P., Stromback, J., Aalberg, T., Esser, F., Vreese, C., Matthes, J., … Stanyer, J. (2017). Political communication in a high-choice media environment: A challenge for democracy? Annals of the International Communication Association, 41, 3–27. doi:10.1080/23808985.2017.1288551
- Van Duyn, E. (2018). Hidden democracy: Political dissent in rural America. Journal of Communication. doi:10.1093/joc/jqy042
- Vraga, E., Bode, L., & Troller-Renfree, S. (2016). Beyond self-reports: Using eye tracking to measure topic and style differences in attention to social media content. Communication Methods and Measures, 10(2–3), 149–164. doi:10.1080/19312458.2016.1150443
- Weeks, B. E., Ardèvol-Abreu, A., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2017). Online influence? Social media use, opinion leadership, and political persuasion. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 29(2), 214–239.
- Webster, J. G. (2005). Beneath the veneer of fragmentation: Television audience polarization in a multichannel world. Journal of Communication, 55(2), 366–382.
- Whitten-Woodring, J. (2016). News about her: The effects of media freedom and internet access on women’s rights. Journal of Human Rights, 15(3), 383–407. doi:10.1080/14754835.2015.1123087
- Zelizer, B. (2010). About to die: How news images move the public. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.