Publication Cover
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C
Environmental Carcinogenesis and Ecotoxicology Reviews
Volume 31, 2013 - Issue 3
625
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Nanoneurotoxicity to Nanoneuroprotection Using Biological and Computational Approaches

, , , , &
Pages 256-284 | Published online: 11 Sep 2013

REFERENCES

  • Oberdorster , G , Oberdorster , E and Oberdorster , J . 2005 . Nanotoxicology: An emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles . Environ. Health Perspect. , 113 : 823 – 839 .
  • Win-Shwe , T T and Fujimaki , H . 2011 . Nanoparticles and neurotoxicity . Int J Mol Sci. , 12 : 6267 – 6268 .
  • Maynard , A D , Warheit , D B and Philbert , M A . 2011 . The new toxicology of sophisticated materials: Nanotoxicology and beyond . Toxicol Sci. , 120 : 109 – 129 .
  • Begley , D J . 1996 . The blood–brain barrier: Principles for targeting peptides and drugs to the central nervous system . J Pharm Pharmacol. , 48 : 136 – 146 .
  • Schlosshauer , B and Steuer , H . 2002 . Comparative anatomy, physiology and in vitro models of the blood-brain and blood-retina barrier . Curr Med Chem. , 2 : 175 – 186 .
  • Graeme , R. 2010 . CNS cancers . Burger's Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development. , : 223 – 294 .
  • Cornford , E M , Braun , L D , Oldendorf , W H and Hill , M A . 1982 . Comparison of lipid-mediated blood–brain barrier penetrability in neonates and adults . Am J Physiol. , 243 : 161 – 168 .
  • Xia , X R , Monteiro-Riviere , N A , Mathur , S , Song , X , Xiao , L , Oldenberg , S J , Fadeel , B and Riviere , J E . 2011 . Mapping the surface adsorption forces of nanomaterials in biological systems . ACS Nano. , 5 : 9074 – 9081 .
  • Nel , A E , Madler , L , Velegol , D , Xia T,Hoek , E M , Somasundaran , P , Klaessig , F , Castranova , V and Thompson , M . 2009 . Understanding biophysicochemical interactions at the nano-bio interface . Nat Mater. , 8 : 543 – 557 .
  • Hall , J B , Dobrovolskaia , M A , Patri , A K and McNeil , S E . 2007 . Characterization of nanoparticles for therapeutics . Nanomedicine. , 2 : 789 – 803 .
  • Lynch , I , Cedervall , T , Lundqvist , M , Cabaleiro-Lago , C , Linse , S and Dawson , K A . 2007 . The nanoparticle-protein complex as a biological entity; a complex fluids and surface science challenge for the 21st century . Adv Colloid Interface Sci. , 134 : 167 – 174 .
  • Habgood , M D , Begley , D J and Abbott , NJ. 2000 . Determinants of passive drug entry into the central nervous system . Cell Mol Neurobiol. , 20 : 231 – 253 .
  • Thorne , R G and Frey , W H 2nd . 2001 . Delivery of neurotropic factors to the central nervous system: Pharmacokinetic consideration . Clin Pharmacokinet. , 40 : 907 – 946 .
  • Filmore , D. 2002 . Breaching the blood-brain barrier . Modern Drug Discov. , 5 : 22 – 24 .
  • Bodor , N and Kaminski , J J . 1987 . Prodrugs and site-specific chemical delivery systems . Annu Rep Med Chem. , 22 : 303 – 313 .
  • Marcel Gielen , ER . 2005; p.693 . Metallotherapeutic drugs and metal-based diagnostic agents: The use of metals in medicine . John Wiley & Sons Ltd: England ,
  • Goka , T J , Stevenson , R E , Hefferan , P M and Howell , R R . 1976 . Menkes disease: A biochemical abnormality in cultured human fibroblast . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. , 73 : 604 – 606 .
  • Lutsenko , S , Bartee , M Y , Linz , R and Ralle , M . 2008 . Copper transport in human cells: The role of Cu-transporting ATPases . Biochem Soc Trans. , 36 : 1233 – 1238 .
  • Milman , N , Pedersen , P , Steig , T A and Melsen , G V . 2003 . Frequencies of the hereditary hemochromatosis allele in different populations. Comparison of previous phenotypic methods and novel genotypic methods . Int J Hematol. , 77 : 48 – 54 .
  • Krishnan , A , Dujardin , E , Ebbesen , T W , Yianilos , P N and Treacy , MMJ. 1998 . Young's modulus of single-walled nanotubes . Physical Review B. , 58 : 14013 – 14019 .
  • Lijima , S. 1991 . Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon . Nature. , 354 : 56 – 58 .
  • Robichaud , C O , Tanzil , D , Weilenmann , U and Wiesner , M R . 2005 . Relative risk analysis of several manufactured nanomaterials: An insurance industry context . Environ Sci Technol. , 39 : 8985 – 8994 .
  • Yang , Z , Liu , Z W , Allaker , R P , Reip , P , Oxford , J , Ahmad , Z and Ren , G . 2010 . A review of nanoparticle functionality and toxicity on the central nervous system . J R Soc Interface. , 7 : 411 – 422 .
  • Donaldson , K , Stone , V , Clouter , A , Renwick , L and MacNee , W . 2001 . Ultrafine particles . Occup Environ Med. , 58 : 211 – 216 .
  • Donaldson , K , Stone , V , Seaton , A and MacNee , W . 2001 . Ambient particle inhalation and the cardiovascular system: Potential mechanisms . Environ Health Perspect. , 109 : 523 – 527 .
  • Morimoto , Y , Kobayashi , N , Shinohara , N , Myojo , T , Tanaka , I and Nakanishi , J . 2010 . Hazard assessments of manufactured nanomaterials . J Occup Health. , 52 : 325 – 334 .
  • Farrer , LA. 2001 . Intercontinental epidemiology of Alzheimer disease: A global approach to bad gene hunting . JAMA. , 285 : 796 – 798 .
  • Alzheimer's Association . 2012 . Alzheimer's disease facts and figures; Alzheimers Demeat. 2012; 8(2):131–168 .
  • Parveen , Z , Nawaz , M S , Shakil , S , Grieg , N H and Kamal , M A . 2012 . Molecular docking study of catecholamines and [4-(propan-2-yl) phenyl] carbamic acid with tyrosine hydroxylase . CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets , 11 : 463 – 468 .
  • Mates , J M , Perez-Gomez , C and Nunez de Castro , I. 1999 . Antioxidant enzymes and human diseases . Clin Biochem. , 32 : 595 – 603 .
  • Orringer , D , Koo , Y E , Chen , T , Kopelman , R , Sagher , O and Philbert , M A . 2009 . Small solutions for big problems: The application of nanoparticles to brain tumor diagnosis and therapy . Clin Pharmacol Ther. , 85 : 531 – 534 .
  • Burch , WM. 2002 . Passage of inhaled particles into the blood circulation in humans . Circulation. , 106 : 141 – 142 .
  • Takenaka , S , Karg , E , Roth , C , Schulz , H , Ziesenis , A , Heinzmann , U , Schramel , P and Heyder , J . 2001 . Pulmonary and systemic distribution of inhaled ultrafine silver particles in rats . Environ Health Perspect. , 109 : 547 – 551 .
  • Veronesi , B , Makwana , O , Pooler , M and Chen , L C . 2005 . Effects of subchronic exposures to concentrated ambient particles. VII. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Apo E-/- mice . Inhal Toxicol. , 17 : 235 – 241 .
  • Block , M L , Wu , X , Pei , Z , Li , G , Wang , T , Qin , L , Wilson , B , Yang , J , Hong , J S and Veronesi , B . 2004 . Nanometer size diesel exhaust particles are selectively toxic to dopaminergic neurons: The role of microglia, phagocytosis, and NADPH oxidase . FASEB J. , 18 : 1618 – 1620 .
  • Brown , D , Stone , V , Findlay , P , MacNee , W and Donaldson , K . 2000 . Increased inflammation and intracellular calcium caused by ultrafine carbon black is independent of transition metals or other soluble components . Occup Environ Med. , 57 : 685 – 691 .
  • Yamakoshi , Y , Umezawa , N , Ryu , A , Arakane , K , Miyata , N , Goda , Y , Masumizu , T and Nagano , T. 2003 . Active oxygen species generated from photoexcited fullerene (C60) as potential medicines: O2 versus 1O2 . J Am Chem Soc. , 125 : 1283 – 1289 .
  • Shimizu , M , Tainaka , H , Oba , T , Mizuo , K , Umezawa , M and Takeda , K . 2009 . Maternal exposure to nanoparticulate titanium dioxide during the prenatal period alters gene expression related to brain development in the mouse . Part Fibre Toxicol. , 6 : 1 – 8 .
  • Takada , Y , Vistiea , D T , Greig , N H , Purdon , D , Rapoport , S I and Smith , Q R . 1992 . Rapid high-affinity transport of a chemotherapeutic amino acid across the blood–brain barrier . Cancer Research. , 52 : 2191 – 2196 .
  • Buzea , C , Pacheco , Blandino II and Robbie , K . 2007 . Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: Sources and toxicity . Biointerphases. , 2 : MR17 – MR172 .
  • Suckling , A J . 1986 . The blood-brain barrier in health and disease, (D. A. Wiseman, Ed) Ellis Horwood health science series. England 132 – 147 .
  • Abbott , N J . 1992 . Physiology and pharmacology of the blood-brain barrier. vol. 103 , Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag .
  • Lo , E H , Singhal , A B , Torchilin , V P and Abbott , N J . 2001 . Drug delivery to damaged brain . Brain Res Rev. , 38 : 140 – 148 .
  • Brownless , J and Williams , C H . 1993 . Peptidases, peptides and the mammalian blood-brain barrier . J Neuroche. , 60 : 1089 – 1096 .
  • Witt , K A , Gillespie , T J , Huber , J D , Egleton , R D and Davis , T P . 2001 . Peptide drug modifications to enhance bioavailability and blood-brain barrier permeability . Peptides. , 22 : 2329 – 2343 .
  • Nabeshima , S , Reese , T S , Landis , D M and Brightman , M W . 1975 . Junctions in the meninges and marginal glia . J Comp Neurol. , 164 : 127 – 169 .
  • Pardridge , WM. 1988 . Recent advances in blood brain-barrier transport . Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. , 28 : 25 – 39 .
  • Siegal , T and Zylber-Katz , E . 2002 . Strategies for increasing drug delivery to the brain: Focus on brain lymphoma . Clin Pharmacokinet. , 41 : 171 – 186 .
  • Misra , A , Ganesh , S , Shahiwala , A and Shah , S P . 2003 . Drug delivery to the central nervous system: A review . J Pharm Pharm Sci. , 6 ( 2 ) : 252 – 273 .
  • Colvin , VL. 2003 . The potential environmental impact of engineered nanomaterials . Nat Biotech. , 21 : 1166 – 1170 .
  • Lynch , I , Dawson , K A and Linse , S . 2006 . Detecting cryptic epitopes created by nanoparticles . Sci STKE. , 327 : 14
  • Shemetov , A A , Nabiev , I and Sokhanova , A . 2012 . Molecular interaction of proteins and peptides with nanoparticles . ACS Nano. , 6 : 4585 – 4602 .
  • Smita , S , Gupta , S K , Bartonova , A , Dusinska , M , Gutleb , A C and Rahman , Q . 2012 . Nanoparticles in the environment: Assessment using the causal diagram approach . Environ Health. , 11 : 1 – 13 .
  • De Jong , W H and Borm , P J . 2008 . Drug delivery and nanoparticles: Applications and hazards . Int J Nanomedicine. , 3 : 133 – 149 .
  • Cedervall , T , Lynch , I , Berggard , S LT , Thulin , E , Nilsson , H , Dawson , K A and Linse , S . 2007 . Understanding the nanoparticle–protein corona using methods to quantify exchange rates and affinities of proteins for nanoparticles . PNAS. , 104 : 2050 – 2055 .
  • Montes-Burgos , I , Walczyk , D , Hole , P , Smith , J , Lynch , I and Dawson , K . 2010 . Characterisation of nanoparticle size and state prior to nanotoxicological studies . J Nanopart Res. , 12 : 47 – 53 .
  • Kendall , M , Ding , P and Kendall , K . 2011 . Particle and nanoparticle interactions with fibrinogen: The importance of aggregation in nanotoxicology . Nanotoxicology. , 5 : 55 – 65 .
  • Lynch , I and Dawson , K A . 2008 . Protein–Nanoparticle interactions . Nano Today. , 3 : 40 – 47 .
  • Patil , S , Sandberg , A , Heckert , E , Self , W and Seal , S . 2007 . Protein adsorption and cellular uptake of cerium oxide nanoparticles as a function of zeta potential . Biomaterials. , 28 : 4600 – 4607 .
  • Weissleder , R , Cheng , H , Bogdanova , A and Bogdanov , A. Jr . 1997 . Magnetically-labeled cells can be detected by MR imaging . J Magn Reson Imaging. , 7 : 258 – 263 .
  • Corot , C , Petry , K G Trivedi , R . 2004 . Macrophage imaging in central nervous system and in carotid atherosclerotic plaque using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide in magnetic resonance imaging . Investig Radio. , 39 : 619 – 625 .
  • Ruehm , S G , Corot , C , Vogt , P , Kolb , S and Debatin , J F . 2001 . Magnetic resonance imaging of atherosclerotic plaque with ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide in hyperlipidemic rabbits . Circulation. , 103 : 415 – 422 .
  • Raynal , I , Prigent , P , Peyramaure , S , Najid , A , Rebuzzi , C and Corot , C . 2004 . Macrophage endocytosis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: Mechanisms and comparison of ferumoxides and ferumoxtran-10 . Investig Radiol. , 39 : 56 – 63 .
  • Daldrup-Link , H E , Rudelius , M Piontek , G . 2005 . Migration of iron oxide-labeled human hematopoietic progenitor cells in a mouse model: in vivo monitoring with 1.5-T MR imaging equipment . Radiology. , 234 : 197 – 205 .
  • Lockman , P R , Oyewumi , M O , Koziara , J M , Roder , K , Mumper , R J and Allen , D D . 2003 . Brain uptake of thiamine-coated Nanoparticles . J Control Rel. , 93 : 271 – 282 .
  • Kreuter , J. 2004 . Influence of the surface properties on nanoparticle-mediated transport of drugs to the brain . J Nanosci Nanotechnol. , 4 : 484 – 488 .
  • Muller , R H and Keck , C M . 2004 . Drug delivery to the brain: Realization by novel drug carriers . J Nanosci Nanotechnol. , 4 : 471 – 483 .
  • Obersdorster , G , Sharp , Z , Atudorei , V , Elder , A , Gelein , R , Kreyling , W and Cox , C . 2004 . Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain . Inhalation Toxicol. , 16 : 437 – 445 .
  • Kandimalla , K K and Donovan , M D . 2005 . Carrier mediated transport of chlorphe chlorpheniramine and chlorcyclizine across bovine olfactory mucosa: Implications on nose-to-brain transport . J Pharm Sci. , 94 : 613 – 624 .
  • Borm , P J and Kreyling , W . 2005 . Toxicological hazards of inhaled nanoparticles—Potential implications for drug delivery . J Nanosci Nanotechno. , 4 : 521 – 531 .
  • Hoet , P HM , Bruske-Hohlfeld , I and Salata , O V . 2004 . Nanoparticles-known and unknown health risks . J Nanobiotechnoogyl. , 2 : 12
  • Au , C , Mutkus , L , Dobson , A , Riffle , J , Lalli , J and Aschner , M . 2007 . Effects of nanoparticles on the adhesion and cell viability on astrocytes . Biol Trace Elem Res. , 120 : 248 – 256 .
  • Cengelli , F , Maysinger , D , Tschudi-Monnet , F , Montet , X , Corot , C , Petri-Fink , A , Hofmann , H and Juillerat-Jeanneret , L . 2006 . Interaction of Functionalized Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide nanoparticles with brain structures . J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , 318 : 108 – 116 .
  • Engelhardt , B. 2003 . Development of the blood-brain barrier . Cell and Tissue Research. , 314 : 119 – 129 .
  • Lockman , P R , Koziara , J M , Mumper , R J and Allen , D D . 2004 . Nanoparticle surface charges alter blood-brain barrier integrity and permeability . J Drug Target. , 12 : 635 – 641 .
  • Keselowsky , B G , Collard , D M and García , A J . 2004 . Surface chemistry modulates focal adhesion composition and signaling through changes in integrin binding . Biomaterials. , 25 : 5947 – 5954 .
  • Mahmoudi , M L , Lynch , I , Ejtehadi , M R , Monopoli , M P , Bombelli , F B and Laurent , S . 2011 . Protein-nanoparticle interactions: Opportunities and challenges . Chem Rev. , 111 : 5610 – 5637 .
  • Xu , M , Li , J , Iwai , H , Mei , Q , Fujita , D , Su , H , Chen , H and Hanagata , N . 2012 . Formation of nano-bio-complex as nanomaterials dispersed in a biological solution for understanding nanobiological interactions . Scientific Reports. , 2 : 406
  • Brooking , J , Davis , S S and Illum , L . 2001 . Transport of nanoparticles across the rat nasal mucosa . J Drug Targeting. , 9 : 267 – 279 .
  • Oberdorster , E. 2004 . Manufactured nanomaterials (fullerenes,C60) induce oxidative stress in the brain of juvenile largemouth bass . Environ Health Perspect. , 112 : 1058 – 1062 .
  • Panyala , N R , Pena-Mendez , E M and Havel , J . 2008 . Silver or silver nanoparticles: A hazardous threat to the environment and human health . J Appl Biomed. , 6 : 117 – 129 .
  • Rungby , J and Danscher , G . 1983 . Localization of exogenous silver in brain and spinal cord of silver exposed rats . Acta Neuropathol. , 60 : 92 – 98 .
  • Sarin , H , Kanevsky , A S Wu , H . 2008 . Effective transvascular delivery of nanoparticles across the blood-brain tumor barrier into malignant glioma cells . J Transl Med. , 6 : 80
  • Muthu , M S and Singh , S . 2009 . Targeted nanomedicines: Effective treatment modalities for cancer, AIDS and brain disorders . Nanomedicine Lond. , 4 : 105 – 118 .
  • Tang , M , Xing , T Zeng , J . 2008 . Unmodified CdSe quantum dots induce elevation of cytoplasmic calcium levels and impairment of functional properties of sodium channels in rat primary cultured hippocampal neurons . Environ Health Perspect. , 116 : 915 – 922 .
  • Tang , J , Xiong , L , Wang , S , Wang , J , Liu , L , Li , J , Yuan , F and Xi , T . 2009 . Distribution, translocation and accumulation of silver nanoparticles in rats . J Nanosci Nanotechnol. , 9 : 4924 – 4932 .
  • Liu , G , Men , P , Harris , P L , Rolston , R K , Perry , G and Smith , M A . 2006 . Nanoparticle iron chelators: A new therapeutic approach in Alzheimer disease and other neurologic disorders associated with trace metal imbalance . Neuroscience Letters. , 406 : 189 – 193 .
  • Bosi , S , Da , R T , Spalluto , G , Balzarini , J and Prato , M . 2003 . Synthesis and Anti-HIV properties of new water-soluble bis-functionalized [60]fullerene derivatives . Bioorg Med Chem Lett. , 13 : 4437 – 4440 .
  • Niu , J , Azfer , A , Rogers , L M , Wang , X and Kolattukudy , P E . 2007 . Cardioprotective effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles in a transgenic murine model of cardiomyopathy . Cardiovasc Res. , 73 ( 3 ) : 549 – 559 .
  • Crivori , P , Cruciani , G , Carrupt , P A and Testa , B . 2000 . Predicting blood-brain barrier permeation from three-dimensional molecular structure . J Med Chem. , 43 : 2204 – 2216 .
  • Madrid , Y , Langer , L F , Brem , H and Langer , R . 1991 . New directions in the delivery of drugs and other substances to the central nervous system . Adv Pharmacol. , 22 : 299 – 324 .
  • Lambert , DM. 2000 . Rationale and applications of lipids as prodrug carriers . Eur J Pharm Sci. , 11 : 15 – 27 .
  • Han , H K and Amidon , G L . 2000 . Targeted prodrug design to optimize drug delivery . AAPS PharmSci. , 2 : 6
  • Bodor , N and Buchwald , P . 1997 . Drug targeting via retrometabolic approaches . Pharmacol Ther. , 76 : 1 – 27 .
  • Somogyi , G , Nishitani , S , Nomi , D , Buchwald , P , Prokai , L and Bodor , N . 1998 . Targeted drug delivery to the brain via phosphonate derivatives. I: Design, synthesis, and evaluation of an anionic chemical delivery system for testosterone . Int J Pharm. , 166 : 15 – 26 .
  • Bergley , DJ. 1996 . The blood–brain barrier: Principles for targeting peptides and drugs to the central nervous system . J Pharm Pharmacol. , 48 : 136 – 146 .
  • Banks , W A , Audus , K L and Davis , T P . 1992 . Permeability of the blood–brain barrier to peptides: An approach to the development of therapeutically useful analogs . Peptides. , 13 : 1289 – 1294 .
  • Kusumi , A , Koyama-Honda , I and Suzuki , K . 2004 . Molecular dynamics and interactions for creation of stimulation-induced stabilized rafts from small unstable steady-state rafts . Traffic. , 5 : 213 – 230 .
  • Anderson , R and Jacobson , K . 2002 . A role for lipid shells in targeting proteins to caveolae, rafts, and other lipid domains . Science. , 296 : 1821 – 1825 .
  • Thomas , B and Beal , M F . 2007 . Parkinson's disease . Hum Mol Genet. , : Spec no. 2: R183 – 194 .
  • Goetz , CG. 2011 . The history of Parkinson's disease: Early clinical descriptions and neurological therapies . Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. , 1 ( 1 ) : a008862
  • Maguire-Zeiss , KA. 2008; 58 . α-Synuclein: A therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease? . Pharmaco Res. , : 271 – 280 .
  • Auluck , P K , Caraveo , G and Lindquist , S . α-Synuclein: Membrane interactions and toxicity in Parkinson's disease . Ann Rev Cell Dev Biol. , 2010; 26 211 – 233 .
  • DeSantis , M E and Dersh , D . 2010; 3 . Preventing Parkinson's pathology . Dis Model Mech. , : 399 – 400 .
  • Scott , D , Taberean , I , Tang , Y , Cartier , A , Masliah , E and Roy , S . 2010; 30(24) . A pathologic cascade leading to synaptic dysfunction in α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration . J Neurosci. , : 8083 – 8095 .
  • Sheikh , I A , Ali , R , Dar , T A and Kamal , M A . 2012; . An overview on potential neuroprotective compounds for management of Alzheimer's disease . CNS & Neurological Disorders—Drug Targets. , 11 : 1006 – 1011 .
  • Sofi , F , Macchi , C , Abbate , R , Gensini , G F and Casini , A . 2010; 20 . Effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet: Can it help delay or prevent Alzheimer's disease . J Alzheimers Dis. , : 795 – 810 .
  • Beard , J L , Connor , J R and Jones , B C . 1993 . Iron in the brain . Nutr Rev. , 51 : 157 – 170 .
  • Atwood , C S , Obrenovich , M E , Liu , T , Chan , H , Perry , G , Smith , M E and Martins , R N . 2003; 43(1) . Amyloid-beta: A chameleon walking in two worlds: A review of the trophic and toxic properties of amyloid-beta . Brain Res Rev. , : 1 – 16 .
  • Shi , N , Zhang , Y , Zhu , C , Boado , R J and Pardridge , W M . 2001 . Brain-specific expression of an exogenous gene after i.v. administration . Proc Natl Acad Sci. , 98 : 12754 – 12759 .
  • Gerard , C , Bordeleau , L J , Barralet , J and Doillon , C J . 2010 . The stimulation of angiogenesis and collagen deposition by copper . Biomaterials. , 31 : 824 – 831 .
  • Barralet , J , Gbureck , U , Habibovic , P , Vorndran , E , Gerard , C and Doillon , C J . 2009 . Angiogenesis in calcium phosphate scaffolds by metallic copper ion release . Tissue Eng Part A. , 15 : 1601 – 1609 .
  • Taylor , A. 1985 . Therapeutic uses of trace elements . Clin Endocrinol Metab. , 14 : 703 – 724 .
  • Thompson , K H and Orvig , C . 2003 . Boon and bane of metal ions in medicine . Science. , 300 : 936 – 939 .
  • Cadosch , D , Chan , E , Gautschi , O P and Filgueira , L . 2009 . Metal is not inert: Role of metal ions released by biocorrosion in aseptic loosening: current concepts . J Biomed Mater Res A. , 91 : 1252 – 1262 .
  • Huber , M , Reinisch , G , Trettenhahn , G , Zweymüller , K and Lintner , F . 2009 . Presence of corrosion products and hypersensitivity-associated reactions in periprosthetic tissue after aseptic loosening of total hip replacements with metal bearing surfaces . Acta Biomater. , 5 : 172 – 180 .
  • Guindy , J S , Schiel , H , Schmidli , F and Wirz , J . 2004 . Corrosion at the marginal gap of implant-supported suprastructures and implant failure . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. , 19 : 826 – 831 .
  • Kaida , T , Kobayashi , K , Adachi , M and Suzuki , F . 2004 . Optical characteristics of titanium oxide interference film and the film laminated with oxides and their applications for cosmetics . J Cosmet Sci. , 55 : 219 – 220 .
  • Adams , L K , Lyon , D Y , McIntosh , A and Alvarez , P J . 2006 . Comparative toxicity of nano-scale TiO2, SiO2 and ZnO water suspensions . Water Sci Technol. , 54 : 327 – 334 .
  • Warheit , D B , Webb , T R , Sayes , C M , Colvin , V L and Reed , K L . 2006 . Pulmonary instillation studies with nanoscale TiO2 rods and dots in rats: Toxicity is not dependent upon particle size and surface area . Toxicol Sci. , 91 : 227 – 236 .
  • Kreyling , W G , Semmler , M , Erbe , F , Mayer , P , Takenaka , S , Schulz , H , Oberdorster , G and Ziesenis , A . 2002 . Translocation of ultrafine insoluble iridium particles from lung epithelium to extrapulmonary organs is size dependent but very low . J Toxicol Environ Health A. , 65 : 1513 – 1530 .
  • Borm , P J and Kreyling , W . 2004 . Toxicological hazards of inhaled nanoparticles potential implications for drug delivery . J Nanosci Nanotechno. , 4 : 521 – 531 .
  • Sonaje , K , Lin , K J , Tseng , M T , Wey , S P , Su , F Y , Chuang , E Y , Hsu , C W , Chen , C T and Sung , H W . 2011 . Effects of chitosan-nanoparticle-mediated tight junction opening on the oral absorption of endotoxins . Biomaterials. , 32 ( 33 ) : 8712 – 8721 .
  • Wu , X F , Block , M L , Zhang , W , Qin , L , Wilson , B , Zhang , W Q , Veronesi , B and Hong , J S . 2005; 7(5–6) . The role of microglia in paraquat-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity . Antioxid Redox Signal. , : 654 – 661 .
  • Mattson , MP. 2001 . Mechanisms of neuronal apoptosis and excitotoxicity. Pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders . Contemporary neuroscience. , : 1 – 20 .
  • Zhou , W , Hurlbert , M S , Schaack , J , Prasad , K N and Freed , C R . 2000; 866(1–2) . Overexpression of human alpha-synuclein causes dopamine neuron death in rat primary culture and immortalized mesencephalon derived cells . Brain Res. , : 33 – 43 .
  • Maier , W E , Kodavanti , P R , Harry , G J and Tilson , H A . 1994; 143(3) . Sensitivity of adenosine triphosphatases in different brain regions to polychlorinated biphenyl congeners . J Appl Toxicol. , : 225 – 229 .
  • Bickel , U , Kang , Y S , Yoshikawa , T and Pardridge , W M . 1994; 42 . In vivo demonstration of subcellular localization of antitransferrin receptor monoclonal antibody colloidal gold conjugate in brain capillary endothelium . J Histochem Cytochem. , : 1493 – 1497 .
  • Iijima , S and Ichihashi , T . 1993 . Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1 nm diameter . Nature. , 363 : 603 – 605 .
  • Malarkey , E B and Parpura , V . 2007 . Applications of carbon nanotubes in neurobiology . Neuro-Degenerative Diseases. , 4 : 292 – 299 .
  • Gabay , T , Jakobs , E , Ben-Jacob , E and Hanein , Y . 2005 . Engineered self-organization of neural networks using CNT clusters . Physica A. , 350 : 611 – 621 .
  • McKnight , T E , Melechko , A V , Fletcher , B L , Jones , S W , Hensley , D K , Peckys , D B , Griffin , G D , Simpson , M L and Ericson , M N . 2006 . Resident neuroelectrochemical interfacing using carbon nanofiber arrays . J Phys Chem B. , 110 : 15317 – 15327 .
  • Nguyen-Vu , T D , Chen , H , Cassell , A M , Andrews , R , Meyyappan , M and Li , J . 2006 . Vertically aligned carbon nanofiber arrays: An advance toward electrical-neural interfaces . Small. , 2 : 89 – 94 .
  • Nguyen-Vu , T D , Chen , H , Cassell , A M , Andrews , R J , Meyyappan , M and Li , J . 2007 . Vertically aligned carbon nanofiber architecture as a multi-functional 3-D neural electrical interface . IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. , 4 : 1121 – 1128 .
  • Yu , Z , McKnight , T E , Ericson , M N , Melechko , A V , Simpson , M L and Morrison , B 3rd . 2007; 7(8) . Vertically aligned carbon nanofiber arrays record electrophysiological signals from hippocampal slices . Nano Lett. , : 2188 – 2195 .
  • Wang , K , Fishman , H A , Dai , H and Harris , J S . 2006 . Neural stimulation with a carbon nanotube microelectrode array . Nano Lett. , 6 : 2043 – 2048 .
  • Service , R F . 2003 . Nanotechnology: Sorting technique may boost nanotube research . Science. , 300 : 2018
  • Service , R F . 2004 . Nanotoxicology. Nanotechnology grows up . Science. , 304 : 1732 – 1734 .
  • Jabir , N R , Tabrez , S , Ashraf , G M , Shakil , S , Damanhouri , G A and Kamal , M A . 2012 . Nanotechnological approach towards anticancer research . Int J NanoMed. , 7 : 4391 – 4408 .
  • Buzea , C , Blandino , P II and Robbie , K . 2007 . Nanomaterials and NPs: Sources and toxicity . Biointerphases. , 2 : MR17 – MR71 .
  • Batool , S and Nawaz , MS . 2013 . Kamal MA. In silico analysis of the amido phosphoribosyltransferase inhibition by PY873, PY899 and a derivative of isophthalic acid . Investigational New Drugs , DOI 10.1007/s10637-013-9944-9. (http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10637-013-9944-9)
  • Tabrez , S , Priyadarshini , Mdepartment , Urooj , M , Shakil , S , Ashraf , GM , Khan , MS , Kamal , MA , Alam , Q , Jabir , NR , Abuzenadah , AM , Chaudhary , AGA and Damanhouri , GA . 2013 . Cancer chemoprevention by polyphenols and their potential application as nanomedicine . J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev , 31 ( 1 ) : 67 – 98 . http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10590501.2013.763577
  • Alam , Q , Haque , A Alam MZ , Karim , S , Kamal , MA , Jiman-Fatani , A , Damanhouri , GA , Abuzenadah , AM and Chaudhary , AGA . 2013 . Nanotechnological approach in management of Alzheimer's diseases and type 2 diabetes . CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets , (in press)

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.