Rural Dwelling and Temporal Trends in Relation to Childhood Asthma and Related Conditions in Belarus: A Repeated Cross-sectional Survey

REFERENCES

• Asher MI, Monteforte S, Bjorksten B, et al., and the ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet. 2006;368:733–743.
   Google Scholar
• Ernst P, Cormier Y. Relative scarcity of asthma and atopy among rural adolescents raised on a farm. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:1563–1566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riedler J, Braun-Fahrlander C, Eder W, et al. Exposure to farming in early life and development of asthma and allergy: a cross-sectional survey. Lancet. 2001;358:1129–1133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riedler J, Eder W, Oberfeld G, Schreuer M. Austrian children living on a farm have less hay fever, asthma and allergic sensitization. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000;30:194–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Midodzi WK, Rowe B, Majaesic CM, Senthilselvan A. Reduced risk of physician-diagnosed asthma among children dwelling in a farming environment. Respirology. 2007;12:692–699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee. Worldwide variations in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Eur Respir J. 1998;12:315–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee. Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema: ISAAC. Lancet. 1998;351:1225–1232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonardi GS, Houthuijs D, Nikiforov B, et al. Respiratory symptoms, bronchitis, and asthma in children of Central and Eastern Europe. Eur Resp J. 2002;20:890–898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senthilselvan A, Lawson JA, Rennie DC, Dosman JA. Stabilization of an increasing trend in physician-diagnosed asthma prevalence in Saskatchewan, 1991–1998. Chest. 2003;124:438–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lis G, Breborowicz A, Cichocka-Jarosz E, et al., International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood. Increasing prevalence of asthma in school children—ISAAC Study. Pneumono Alergo Pol. 2003;71:336–343.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Breborowicz A, Lis G, Cichocka-Jarosz E, Alkiewicz J, Pietrzyk JJ. Prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms in schoolchildren in Poland (ISAAC Study). Pediatr Pol. 2005;80:866–873.
   Google Scholar
• Brozek G, Zejda JE, Kowalska ML, Gebus M, Kepa K, Igielski M. Opposite trends of allergic disorders and respiratory symptoms in children over a period of large-scale ambient air pollution decline. Pol J Environ Stud. 2010;19:1133–1138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shpakou A, Brozek G, Stryzhak A, Neviartovich T, Zejda J. Allergic disease and respiratory symptoms in urban and rural children in Grodno Region (Belarus). Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2012;23:339–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedortsiv O, Brozek GM, Luchyshyn N, et al. Prevalence of childhood asthma, rhinitis, and ecema in the Ternopil region of Ukraine—results of BUPAS study. Adv Med Sci. 2012;57: 282–289. doi:10.2478/v10039-012-0034-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zejda JE, Brozek GM, Farnik M, Smolka I. Social and family-related correlates of medical care utilization by asthmatic children in Upper Silesia, Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012;19:141–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asher MI, Anderson HR, Beasley R, et al. International study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods. Eur Respir J. 1995;8:483–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjorksten B, Dumitrascu D, Foucard T, et al. Prevalence of childhood asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in Scandanavia and Eastern Europe. Eur Respir J. 1998;12:432–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellwood P, Williams H, Ait-Khaled N, Bjorksten B, Robertson C, ISAAC Phase III Study Group. Translation of questions: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) experience. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2009;13:1174–1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawson JA, Janssen I, Bruner MW, Madani K, Pickett W. Urban-rural differences in asthma prevalence among young people in Canada: the roles of health behaviours and obesity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011;10:220–228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priftis KN, Anthracopoulos MB, Nikolaou-Papanagiotou A, et al. Increased sensitization in urban vs. rural environment-rural protection or an urban living effect. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007;18:209–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majkowska-Wojciechowska B, Pelka J, Korzon L, et al. Prevalence of allergy, patterns of allergic sensitization and allergy risk factors in rural and urban children. Allergy. 2007;62:1044–1050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacNeill SJ, Sozanska B, Danielewicz H, et al. Asthma and allergies: is the farming environment (still) protective in Poland? The GABRIEL Advanced Studies. Allergy. 2013;68:771–779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun-Fahrlander C, Riedler J, Herz U, et al. Environmental exposure to endotoxin and its relation to asthma in school-age children. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:869–877.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Mutius E, Braun-Fahrlander C, Schierl R, et al. Exposure to endotoxin or other bacterial components might protect against the development of atopy. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000;30:1230–1234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Meteorological Organization. Meteorological summer/winter sees many extremes. Available at: http://www.wmo.int/pages/mediacentre/news/Meteorologicalsummerwinterseesmanyextremes_en.html. Published 2014. Accessed November 21, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Brozek G, Farnik M, Lawson J, Zejda J. Underdiagnosis of childhood asthma: a comparison of survey estimates to clinical evaluation. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2013;26:900–909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar