High performance bismuth oxide embedded sulfonated poly ether sulfone composite membranes for fuel cell applications

References

• Nagar, H.; Sahu, N.; Basava Rao, V. V.; Sridhar, S. Surface Modification of Sulfonated Polyethersulfone Membrane with Polyaniline Nanoparticles for Application in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell. Renew. Energy 2020, 146, 1262–1277. DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boudghene Stambouli, A.; Traversa, E. Fuel Cells, an Alternative to Standard Sources of Energy. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2002, 6, 295–304. DOI: 10.1016/S1364-0321(01)00015-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devanathan, R. Recent Developments in Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells. Energy Environ. Sci. 2008, 1, 101–119. DOI: 10.1039/b808149m.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthu Lakshmi, R. T. S.; Choudhary, V.; Varma, I. K. Sulphonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone): Synthesis and Characterisation. J. Mater. Sci. 2005, 40, 629–636. DOI: 10.1007/s10853-005-6300-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deivanayagam, P.; Jaisankar, S. N. Synthesis and Characterization of Composite Membranes Derived from Mono Sulfonated Poly(Ether Sulfone) and Silicotungstic Acid. J. Macromol. Sci. A Pure Appl. Chem. 2012, 49, 1092–1098. DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2012.728490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinodh, R.; Purushothaman, M.; Sangeetha, D. Novel Quaternized Polysulfone/ZrO2 Composite Membranes for Solid Alkaline Fuel Cell Applications. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2011, 36, 7291–7302. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.03.056.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthumeenal, A.; Neelakandan, S.; Kanagaraj, P.; Nagendran, A. Synthesis and Properties of Novel Proton Exchange Membranes Based on Sulfonated Polyethersulfone and N-Phthaloyl Chitosan Blends for DMFC Applications. Renew. Energy 2016, 86, 922–929. DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.09.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, K.; Dong, B.; Wang, Y.; Lin, L.; Chen, Z. Synthesis and Properties of Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Ketone Sulfone) Copolymer. High Perform. Polym. 2016, 28, 315–321. DOI: 10.1177/0954008315580002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deepa, K.; Kesava, M.; Sureshkumar, R.; Dinakaran, K.; Arthanareeswaran, G. Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Blend Membranes of Polysulfone and Poly(Acrylic Acid-co-2-(2-(Piperazin-1-yl)Ethylamino)-2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2018, 43, 21760–21768. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.07.075.
   Google Scholar
• Gandhimathi, S.; Krishnan, H.; Paradesi, D. Development of Proton-Exchange Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications. Polym. Polym. Compos. 2020, 28, 492–501. DOI: 10.1177/0967391119888319.
   Google Scholar
• Punniakotti, G.; Sivasubramanian, G.; Gurusamy Thangavelu, S. A.; Deivanayagam, P. Sulfonated Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Fly Ash Composite Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Applications. Polym. Technol. Mater. 2021, 60, 571–578. DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1850782.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinothkannan, M.; Kim, A. R.; Gnana Kumar, G.; Yoo, D. J. Sulfonated Graphene Oxide/Nafion Composite Membranes for High Temperature and Low Humidity Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. RSC Adv. 2018, 8, 7494–7508. DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12768e.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, T. Y.; Leddy, J. Ion Exchange Capacity of Nafion and Nafion Composites. Langmuir 2000, 16, 2866–2871. DOI: 10.1021/la991094x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molavian, M. R.; Abdolmaleki, A.; Firouz Tadavani, K.; Zhiani, M. A New Sulfonated Poly(Ether Sulfone) Hybrid with Low Humidity Dependence for High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45342–45347. DOI: 10.1002/app.45342.
   Google Scholar
• Rahimnejad, M.; Ghasemi, M.; Najafpour, G. D.; Ismail, M.; Mohammad, A. W.; Ghoreyshi, A. A.; Hassan, S. H. Synthesis, Characterization and Application Studies of Self-Made Fe3O4/PES Nanocomposite Membranes in Microbial Fuel Cell. Electrochim. Acta 2012, 85, 700–706. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.08.036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deivanayagam, P.; Sivasubramanian, G.; Hariharasubramanian, K.; Baskar, B.; Gurusamy Thangavelu, S. A. Energy Material – The Role of Silicotungstic Acid and Fly Ash in Sulfonated Poly(Ether Sulfone) Composites for PEMFC Applications. J. Macromol. Sci. A Pure Appl. Chem. 2019, 56, 146–152. DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2018.1552080.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kesava, M.; Dinakaran, K. SnO2 Nanoparticles Dispersed Carboxylated Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfones) Nanocomposites for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Applications. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2021, 46, 1121–1132. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.178.
   Google Scholar
• Muthumeenal, A.; John Rethinam, A.; Nagendran, A. Sulfonated Polyethersulfone Based Composite Membranes Containing Heteropolyacids Laminated with Polypyrrole for Electrochemical Energy Conversion Devices. Solid State Ionics 2016, 296, 106–113. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2016.09.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unnikrishnan, L.; Nayak, S. K.; Mohanty, S.; Sarkhel, G. Polyethersulfone Membranes: The Effect of Sulfonation on the Properties. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 2010, 49, 1419–1427. DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2010.496399.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Divya, K.; Rana, D.; Abirami Saraswathi, S.; Nagendran, M. S. A. Versatility of Sulfonated Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride-co-Hexafluoropropylene) Membranes Incorporated with Sulfonated Octaphenyl Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Applications. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2022, 139, E52610. DOI: 10.1002/app.52610.
   Google Scholar
• Divya, K.; Sri Abirami Saraswathi, M. S.; Nagendran, A.; Rana, D. Sulfonated Chitosan and HKUST-1 Metal Organic Frameworks Based Hybrid Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Applications. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2022, 139, E52829. DOI: 10.1002/app.52829.
   Google Scholar
• Sanna, S.; Esposito, V.; Christensen, M.; Pryds, N. High Ionic Conductivity in Confined Bismuth Oxide-Based Heterostructures. APL Mater. 2016, 4, 121101–121107. DOI: 10.1063/1.4971801.
   Google Scholar
• Maria Mahimai, B.; Sivasubramanian, G.; Moorthy, S.; Deivanayagam, P. Copper Metal Organic Framework-Encapsulated Ionic Liquid-Decorated Sulfonated Polystyrene-Block-Poly(Ethylene-Ranbutylene)-Block-Polystyrene Membranes for Fuel Cells. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2022, 61, 8081–8090. DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01209.
   Google Scholar
• Jha, R. K.; Pasricha, R.; Ravi, V. Synthesis of Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles Using Bismuth Nitrate and Urea. Ceram. Int. 2005, 31, 495–497. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2004.06.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devi, N.; Ghosh, S.; Ray, S. C.; Mallick, K. Organic Matrix Stabilized Ultra-Fine Bismuth Oxide Particles for Electrochemical Energy Storage Application. Chemistry Select 2018, 3, 12057–12064. DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802838.
   Google Scholar
• Sijakovic-Vujicic, N.; Gotic, M.; Music, S. Synthesis and Microstructural Properties of Fe-TiO2 Nanocrystalline Particles Obtained by a Modified Sol-Gel Method. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 2004, 30, 5–19. DOI: 10.1023/B:JSST.0000028174.90247.a9.
   Google Scholar
• Jain, P. U.; Samant, S. D. Bi2O3@mSiO2 as an Environmentally Benign and Sustainable Solid Acid Catalyst for Benzoylation of Aromatics: Impact of Silica Encapsulation on Catalyst Leaching and Reaction Synergy. ChemistrySelect 2020, 5, 4437–4446. DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000364.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zulkifli, Z. A.; Razak, K. A.; Rahman, W.; Abidin, S. Z. Synthesis and Characterisation of Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles Using Hydrothermal Method: The Effect of Reactant Concentrations and Application in Radiotherapy. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2018, 1082, 012103–012112. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1082/1/012103.
   Google Scholar
• Mädler, L.; Pratsinis, S. E. Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles by Flame Spray Pyrolysis. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2004, 85, 1713–1718. DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00340.x.
   Google Scholar
• Mallahi, M.; Shokuhfar, A.; Vaezi, M. R.; et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles via Sol-Gel Method. Am. J. Eng. Res. 2014, 3, 162–165.
   Google Scholar
• Rana, D.; Bag, K.; Bhattacharyya, S. N.; Mandal, B. M. Miscibility of Poly(Styrene-co-Butyl Acrylate) with Poly(Ethyl Methacrylate): Existence of Both UCST and LCST. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 2000, 38, 369–375. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(20000201)38:3<369::AID-POLB3>3.0.CO;2-W.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rana, D.; Mandal, B. M.; Bhattacharyya, S. N. Analogue Calorimetry of Polymer Blends: poly(Styrene-co-Acrylonitrile) and Poly(Phenyl Acrylate) or Poly(Vinyl Benzoate). Polymer 1996, 37, 2439–2443. DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(96)85356-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moises, B. T.; David, R. F.; Belén, A. V.; Samantha, P.; Emilio, B. Interaction between Filler and Polymeric Matrix in Nanocomposites: Magnetic Approach and Applications. Polymers 2021, 13, 2998.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rana, D.; Mandal, B. M.; Bhattacharyya, S. N. Miscibility and Phase Diagrams of Poly(Phenyl Acrylate) and Poly(Styrene-Coacrylonitrile) Blends. Polymer 1993, 34, 1454–1459. DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(93)90861-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maria Mahimai, B.; Kulasekaran, P.; Deivanayagam, P. Novel Polysulfone/Sulfonated Polyaniline/Niobium Pentoxide Polymer Blend Nanocomposite Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2021, 138, 51207. DOI: 10.1002/app.51207.
   Google Scholar
• Kulasekaran, P.; Maria Mahimai, B.; Deivanayagam, P. Novel Cross-Linked Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Based Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications. RSC Adv. 2020, 10, 26521–26527. DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04360e.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Astuti, Y.; Fauziyah, A.; Nurhayati, S.; Wulansari, A. D.; Andianingrum, R.; Hakim, A. R.; Bhaduri, G. Synthesis of α-Bismuth Oxide Using Solution Combustion Method and Its Photocatalytic Properties. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2016, 107, 012006–012008. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/107/1/012006.
   Google Scholar
• Ji, J.; Zhang, G.; Chen, H.; Li, Y.; Zhang, G.; Zhang, F.; Fan, X. A General Strategy to Prepare Graphene-Metal/Metal Oxide Nanohybrids. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 14498–14501. DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12970h.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, L.; Ghimire, P.; Phuriragpitikhon, J.; Jiang, B.; Gonçalves, A. A. S.; Jaroniec, M. Facile Formation of Metallic Bismuth/Bismuth Oxide Heterojunction on Porous Carbon with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2018, 513, 82–91. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.11.011.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maria Mahimai, B.; Kulasekaran, P.; Sivasubramanian, G.; Deivanayagam, P. Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone)/Barium Strontium Titanium Oxide Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications. Polym. Technol. Mater. 2020, 59, 1791–1800. DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1765385.
   Google Scholar
• Hasani-Sadrabadi, M. M.; Dashtimoghadam, E.; Ghaffarian, S. R.; Hasani Sadrabadi, M. H.; Heidari, M.; Moaddel, H. Novel High-Performance Nanocomposite Proton Exchange Membranes Based on Poly(Ether Sulfone). Renew. Energy 2010, 35, 226–231. DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2009.05.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar