- American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , (4th Edn.) Washington, DC
- Amir , N. , McNally , R.J. , Riemann , B.C. , Burns , J. , Lorenz , M. and Mullen , J.T. 1996 . Suppression of the emotional Stroop effect by increased anxiety in patients with social phobia . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 34 : 945 – 948 .
- Anderson , N.H. 1968 . Likeableness ratings of 555 personality trait words . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 9 : 272 – 279 .
- Asmundson , G.J.G. and Stein , M.B. 1994 . Selective processing of social threat in patients with generalized social phobia: Evaluation using a dol-probe paradigm . Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 8 : 107 – 117 .
- Beck , A.T. , Rush , A.J. , Shaw , B.F. and Emery , G. 1979 . Cognitive Therapy of Depression , New York : Guilford Press .
- Bradley , B.P. , Mogg , K. , Falla , S.J. and Hamilton , L.R. 1998 . Attentional bias for threatening facial expressions in anxiety: Manipulation of stimulus duration . Cognition and Emotion , 12 : 737 – 753 .
- Bradley , B.P. , Mogg , K. , Millar , N. , Bonham-Carter , C. , Fergusson , E. , Jenkins , J. and Parr , M. 1997 . Attentional biases for emotional faces . Cognition and Emotion , 11 : 25 – 42 .
- Brosschot , J.F. , de Ruiter , C. and Kindt , M. 1999 . Processing bias in anxious subjects and repressors, measured by emotional Stroop interference and attentional allocation . Personality and Individual Differences , 26 : 777 – 793 .
- Byrne , A. and Eysenck , M.W. 1995 . Trait anxiety, anxious mood, and threat detection . Cognition and Emotion , 9 : 549 – 562 .
- Carroll , J.B. , Davies , P. and Richman , B. 1971 . The Word Frequency Book , American Heritage .
- Clark , D.M. 2000 . “ A cognitive perspective on social phobia ” . In International Handbook of Social Anxiety , Edited by: Crozier , R. and Alden , L.E. UK : Wiley .
- Clark , D.M. and Wells , A. 1995 . “ A cognitive model of social phobia ” . In Social Phobia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Treatment , Edited by: Heimberg , R. , Liebowitz , M. , Hope , D.A. and Schneier , F.R. 69 – 93 . NewYork : Guilford Press .
- Cloitre , M. , Heimberg , R.G. , Holt , C.S. and Liebowitz , M.R. 1992 . Reaction time to threat stimuli in panic disorder and social phobia . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 30 : 609 – 617 .
- Crowne , D.P. and Marlowe , D.A. 1960 . A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology . Journal of Consulting Psychology , 24 : 349 – 354 .
- Dalgleish , T and Watts , F.N. 1990 . Biases of attention and memory in disorders of anxiety and depression . Clinical Psychology Review , 10 : 589 – 604 .
- Eysenck , M.W. 1992 . Anxiety The Cognitive Perspective , London : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd. .
- Eysenck , M.W. 1997 . Anxiety and Cognition: a Unified Theory , Hove : Psychology Press Ltd .
- Fox , E. 1993 . Allocation of visual attention and anxiety . Cognition and Emotion , 7 : 207 – 215 .
- Gilboa-Schechtman , E. , Foa , E. B. and Amir , N. 1999 . Attentional biases for facial expressions in social phobia: The face-in-the-crowd paradigm . Cognition and Emotion , 13 : 305 – 318 .
- Hope , D.A. , Gansler , D.A. and Heimberg , R.G. 1989 . Attentional focus and causal attributions in social phobia: Implications from social psychology . Clinical Psychology Review , 9 : 49 – 60 .
- Hope , D.A. , Rapee , R.M. , Heimberg , R.G. and Dombeck , M.J. 1990 . Representations of the self in social phobia: Vulnerability to social threat . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 14 : 177 – 189 .
- Horenstein , M. and Segui , J. 1997 . Chronometrics of attentional processes in anxiety disorders . Psychopathology , 30 : 25 – 35 .
- MacLeod , C. , Mathews , A. and Tata , P. 1986 . Attentional bias in emotional disorders . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 95 : 15 – 20 .
- Mansell , W. , Clark , D.M. , Ehlers , A. and Chen , Y. 1999 . Social anxiety and attention away from emotional faces . Cognition and Emotion , 13 : 673 – 690 .
- Martin , M. , Williams , R. and Clark , D.M. 1991 . Does anxiety lead to selective processing of threat cues? . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 29 : 147 – 160 .
- Mathews , A. 1997 . “ Information-processing biases in emotional disorders ” . In Science and Practice of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy , Edited by: Clark , D.M. and Fairburn , C.G. 47 – 66 . Oxford : University Press .
- Mathews , A. and Klug , F. 1993 . Emotionality and interference with colour-naming in anxiety . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 31 : 57 – 62 .
- Mathews , A. and McLeod , C. 1985 . Selective processing of threat cues in anxiety states . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 23 : 563 – 569 .
- Mathews , A.M. and Sebastian , S. 1993 . Suppression of emotional Stroop effects by fear arousal . Cognition and Emotion , 7 : 517 – 530 .
- Mattia , J.L , Heimberg , R.G. and Hope , D.A. 1993 . The revised Stroop color-naming task in social phobies . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 31 : 305 – 313 .
- Mogg , K. and Bradley , B.P. 1998 . A cognitive-motivational analysis of anxiety . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 36 : 809 – 848 .
- Mogg , K. and Marden , B. 1990 . Processing of emotional information in anxious subjects . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 29 : 227 – 229 .
- Mogg , K. , Mathews , A.M. , Bird , C. and MacGregor-Morris , R. 1990 . Effects of stress and anxiety on the processing of threat stimuli . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 59 : 1230 – 1237 .
- Paul , G.L. 1966 . insight vs. Desensitisation in Psychotherapy. An Experiment in Anxiety Reduction , Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press .
- Rapee , R.M. and Heimberg , R.G. 1997 . A cognitive-behavioural model of anxiety in social phobia . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 35 : 741 – 756 .
- Sanz , J. 1997 . Attentional biases in subclinical analogs with depression and social anxiety . Anuario de Psicologia , 74 : 33 – 51 .
- Spielberger , C.D. , Gorsuch , R.L. , Lushene , R.E. , Vagg , P.R. and Jacobs , G.A. 1983 . Manual for the StateTrait Anxiety Inventory , Palo Alto, CA : Consulting Psychologists Press .
- Tallis , F. and Eysenck , M.W. 1994 . Worry mechanisms and modulating influences . Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , 22 : 37 – 56 .
- Turner , S.M. , Beidel , D.C. , Dancu , C.V. and Stanley , M.A. 1989 . An empirically derived inventory to measure social fears and anxiety: The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 1 : 35 – 40 .
- Veljaca , K.A. and Rapee , R.M. 1998 . Detection of negative and positive audience behaviours by socially anxious subjects . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 36 : 311 – 321 .
- Watson , D. and Friend , R. 1969 . Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 33 : 448 – 457 .
- Williams , J.M.G. , Mathews , A. and MacLcod , C. 1996 . The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology . Psychological Bulletin , 120 : 3 – 24 .
- Williams , J.M.G. , Watts , F.N. , MacLeod , C. and Mathews , A. 1997 . Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders. , 2nd Edn. , Chichester : Wiley .
Attention to Positive and Negative Social-Evaluative Words: Investigating the Effects of Social Anxiety, Trait Anxiety and Social Threat
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.