References
- Armeli, S., Covault, J., & Tennen, H. (2018). Long-term changes in the effects of episode-specific drinking to cope motivation on daily well-being. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 32(7), 715–726. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000409
- Armeli, S., O’Hara, R. E., Ehrenberg, E., Sullivan, T. P., & Tennen, H. (2014). Episode-specific drinking-to-cope motivation, daily mood, and fatigue-related symptoms among college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 75(5), 766–774. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2014.75.766
- Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Carbin, M. G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8(1), 77–100. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5
- Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 748–766. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.68.5.748
- Brière, F. N., Rohde, P., Seeley, J. R., Klein, D., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (2014). Comorbidity between major depression and alcohol use disorder from adolescence to adulthood. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(3), 526–533. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.10.007
- Caspi, A., Houts, R. M., Belsky, D. W., Goldman-Mellor, S. J., Harrington, H., Israel, S., Meier, M. H., Ramrakha, S., Shalev, I., Poulton, R., & Moffitt, T. E. (2014). The p factor: One general psychopathology factor in the structure of psychiatric disorders? Clinical Psychological Science, 2(2), 119–137. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702613497473
- Collins, R. L., Ellickson, P. L., & Klein, D. J. (2007). The role of substance use in young adult divorce. Addiction, 102(5), 786–794. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01803.x
- Connolly, N. P., Eberhart, N. K., Hammen, C. L., & Brennan, P. A. (2010). Specificity of stress generation: A comparison of adolescents with depressive, anxiety, and comorbid diagnoses. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 3(4), 368–379. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2010.3.4.368
- Conway, C. C., Hammen, C., & Brennan, P. A. (2012). Expanding stress generation theory: Test of a transdiagnostic model. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(3), 754–766. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027457
- Cooper, M. L., Kuntsche, E., Levitt, A., Barber, L. L., & Wolf, S. (2016). Motivational models of substance use: A review of theory and research on motives for using alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco. In K. J. Sher & K. J. Sher (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of substance use and substance use disorders (pp. 375–421). New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press.
- Costa, Jr P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (2008). The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). Sage Publications, Inc.
- French, M. T., Maclean, J. C., Sindelar, J. L., & Fang, H. (2011). The morning after: Alcohol misuse and employment problems. Applied Economics, 43(21), 2705–2720. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840903357421
- Goldstein, B. L., Kotov, R., Perlman, G., Watson, D., & Klein, D. N. (2018). Trait and facet-level predictors of first-onset depressive and anxiety disorders in a community sample of adolescent girls. Psychological Medicine, 48(08), 1282–1290. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717002719
- Goldstein, B. L., Perlman, G., Eaton, N. R., Kotov, R., & Klein, D. N. (2020). Testing explanatory models of the interplay between depression, neuroticism, and stressful life events: A dynamic trait-stress generation approach. Psychological Medicine, 50(16), 2780–2789. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291719002927
- Hakulinen, C., Elovainio, M., Pulkki-Råback, L., Virtanen, M., Kivimaki, M., Jokela, M., … Jokela, M. (2015). Personality and depressive symptoms: Individual participant meta-analysis of 10 cohort studies. Depression and Anxiety, 32(7), 461–470. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22376
- Hammen, C. (1991). Generation of stress in the course of unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 555–561. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.100.4.555
- Hammen, C., Marks, T., Mayol, A., & DeMayo, R. (1985). Depressive self-schemas, life stress, and vulnerability to depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 94(3), 308–319. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.94.3.308
- Hankin, B. L., Kassel, J. D., & Abela, J. R. Z. (2005). Adult attachment dimensions and specificity of emotional distress symptoms: Prospective investigations of cognitive risk and interpersonal stress generation as mediating mechanisms. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(1), 136–151. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204271324
- Harkness, K. L., & Monroe, S. M. (2016). The assessment and measurement of adult life stress: Basic premises, operational principles, and design requirements. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(5), 727–745. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000178
- Harkness, K. L., & Stewart, J. G. (2009). Symptom specificity and the prospective generation of life events in adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118(2), 278–287. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015749
- Hart, K. E., & Fazaa, N. (2004). Life stress events and alcohol misuse: Distinguishing contributing stress events from consequential stress events. Substance Use and Misuse, 39(9), 1319–1339. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1081/JA-120039390
- Holahan, C. J., Moos, R. H., Holahan, C. K., Brennan, P. L., & Schutte, K. K. (2005). Stress generation, avoidance coping, and depressive symptoms: A 10-year model. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(4), 658–666. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.4.658
- Jeronimus, B. F., Ormel, J., Aleman, A., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Riese, H. (2013). Negative and positive life events are associated with small but lasting change in neuroticism. Psychological Medicine, 43(11), 2403–2415. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291713000159
- Joiner, T. E., Wingate, L. R., Gencoz, T., & Gencoz, F. (2005). Stress generation in depression: Three studies on its resilience, possible mechanism, and symptom specificity. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(2), 236–253. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.24.2.236.62272
- Kendler, K. S., & Gardner, C. O. (2010). Dependent stressful life events and prior depressive episodes in the prediction of major depression: The problem of causal inference in psychiatric epidemiology. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(11), 1120–1127. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.136
- Kendler, K. S., Hettema, J. M., Butera, F., Gardner, C. O., & Prescott, C. A. (2003). Life event dimensions of loss, humiliation, entrapment, and danger in the prediction of onsets of major depression and generalized anxiety. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(8), 789–796. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.8.789
- Kercher, A. J., Rapee, R. M., & Schniering, C. A. (2009). Neuroticism, life events and negative thoughts in the development of depression in adolescent girls. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(7), 903–915. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009-9325-1
- Keyes, K. M., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., & Hasin, D. S. (2011). Stressful life experiences, alcohol consumption, and alcohol use disorders: The epidemiologic evidence for four main types of stressors. Psychopharmacology, 218(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-011-2236-1
- Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Achenbach, T. M., Althoff, R. R., Bagby, R. M., … Zimmerman, M. (2017). The hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP): A dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(4), 454–477. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000258
- Kushner, S. C., Bagby, R. M., & Harkness, K. L. (2017). Stress generation in adolescence: Contributions from five-factor model (FFM) personality traits and childhood maltreatment. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 8(2), 150–161. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000194
- Liu, R. T., & Alloy, L. B. (2010). Stress generation in depression: A systematic review of the empirical literature and recommendations for future study. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(5), 582–593. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.04.010
- MacKinnon, D. P., Kisbu-Sakarya, Y., & Gottschall, A. C. (2013). Developments in mediation analysis. In T. D. Little (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of quantitative Methods volume 2: Statistical analysis (pp. 338–360). New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press.
- Maniates, H., Stoop, T. B., Miller, M. W., Halberstadt, L., & Wolf, E. J. (2018). Stress-generative effects of posttraumatic stress disorder: Transactional associations between posttraumatic stress disorder and stressful life events in a longitudinal sample. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 31(2), 191–201. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22269
- Maxwell, S. E., Cole, D. A., & Mitchell, M. A. (2011). Bias in cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation: Partial and complete mediation under an autoregressive model. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 46(5), 816–841. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2011.606716
- Muthén, L., & Muthén, B. (2017). Mplus user’s guide (version 8.0). In Mplus user’s guide (8th ed). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén, 1–850.
- O’Donnell, M. L., Creamer, M., & Pattison, P. (2004). Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma: Understanding comorbidity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(8), 1390–1396. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.8.1390
- Ormel, J., Jeronimus, B. F., Kotov, R., Riese, H., Bos, E. H., Hankin, B., Rosmalen, J. G. M., & Oldehinkel, A. J. (2013). Neuroticism and common mental disorders: Meaning and utility of a complex relationship. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(5), 686–697. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.04.003
- Phillips, A. C., Carroll, D., & Der, G. (2015). Negative life events and symptoms of depression and anxiety: Stress causation and/or stress generation. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 28(4), 357–371. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2015.1005078
- Pilowsky, D. J., Keyes, K. M., Geier, T. J., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2013). Stressful life events and relapse among formerly alcohol dependent adults. Social Work in Mental Health, 11(2), 184–197. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15332985.2012.711278
- Read, J. P., Kahler, C. W., Strong, D. R., & Colder, C. R. (2006). Development and preliminary validation of the young adult alcohol consequences questionnaire. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 67(1), 169–177. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.169
- Sadeh, N., Miller, M. W., Wolf, E. J., & Harkness, K. L. (2015). Negative emotionality and disconstraint influence PTSD symptom course via exposure to new major adverse life events. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 31, 20–27. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.01.003
- Shapero, B. G., Hankin, B. L., & Barrocas, A. L. (2013). Stress generation and exposure in a multi-wave study of adolescents: Transactional processes and sex differences. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32(9), 989–1012. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2013.32.9.989
- Spielberger, C. D. (1983). State-trait anxiety inventory for adults. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/t06496-000
- Spinhoven, P., Roelofs, K., Hovens, J. G. F. M., Elzinga, B. M., van Oppen, P., Zitman, F. G., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2011). Personality, life events and the course of anxiety and depression. European Journal of Personality, 25(6), 443–452. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/per.808
- Uliaszek, A. A., Zinbarg, R. E., Mineka, S., Craske, M. G., Griffith, J. W., Sutton, J. M., … Hammen, C. (2012). A longitudinal examination of stress generation in depressive and anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(1), 4–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025835
- Vaidya, J. G., Gray, E. K., Haig, J., & Watson, D. (2002). On the temporal stability of personality: Evidence for differential stability and the role of life experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6), 1469–1484. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1469
- Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Herman, D. S., Huska, J. A., & Keane, T. M. (1993). The PTSD Checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. Annual Convention of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. San Antonio, TX.
- Wetter, E. K., & Hankin, B. L. (2009). Mediational pathways through which positive and negative emotionality contribute to anhedonic symptoms of depression: A prospective study of adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(4), 507–520. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009-9299-z