References
- Asher, M., Asnaani, A., & Aderka, I. M. (2017). Gender differences in social anxiety disorder: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 56, 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.05.004
- Bardeen, J. R., & Fergus, T. A. (2016). The interactive effect of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance on anxiety, depression, stress and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 5(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.02.002
- Bian, C., Li, X., & Chen, Y. (2014). Social anxiety and interpersonal attribution among high school students. Chinese Journal of School Health, 35(09), 1325–1327.
- Bishop, L. S., Ameral, V. E., & Reed, K. M. P. (2018). The impact of experiential avoidance and event centrality in trauma-related rumination and posttraumatic stress. Behavior Modification, 42(6), 815–837. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445517747287
- Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., & Barnes-Holmes, D. (2006). Psychological flexibility, ACT, and organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 26(1-2), 25–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J075v26n01_02
- Brockmeyer, T., Holtforth, M. G., Krieger, T., Altenstein, D., Doerig, N., Zimmermann, J., Backenstrass, M., Friederich, H., & Bents, H. (2015). Preliminary evidence for a nexus between rumination, behavioural avoidance, motive satisfaction and depression. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 22(3), 232–239. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1885
- Brozovich, F. A., Goldin, P., Lee, I., Jazaieri, H., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2015). The effect of rumination and reappraisal on social anxiety symptoms during cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71(3), 208–218. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22132
- Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006). Effects of suppression and acceptance on emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(9), 1251–1263. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.001
- Cao, J., Ji, Y., & Zhu, Z. (2013). Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Second Edition (AAQ-II) in college students. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 27(11), 873–877.
- Cheng, Y., Li, N., & Tang, W. (2020). Prevalence of multiple anxiety disorder and associated factors among adolescents three years after Ya’an Earthqhake. Chinese Journal of School Health, 41(6), 855–858.
- Chiu, K., Clark, D. M., & Leigh, E. (2021). Prospective associations between peer functioning and social anxiety in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 279, 650–661. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.055
- Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. G. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 69–93). Guilford Press.
- Cookson, C., Luzon, O., Newland, J., & Kingston, J. (2020). Examining the role of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance in predicting anxiety and depression. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 93(3), 456–473. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12233
- Costa, J., Gouveia, J. P., & Marôco, J. (2018). The role of negative affect, rumination, cognitive fusion and mindfulness on depressive symptoms in depressed outpatients and normative individuals. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 18(2), 207–220.
- Cuthbert, B. N., & Insel, T. R. (2013). Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: The seven pillars of RDoC. BMC Medicine, 11(1), 126. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-126
- Dinis, A., Carvalho, S., Gouveia, J. P., & Estanqueiro, C. (2015). Shame memories and depression symptoms: The role of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 15(1), 63–86.
- Ehring, T., & Watkins, E. R. (2008). Repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic process. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 1(3), 192–205. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2008.1.3.192
- Epkins, C. C. (2016). Experiential avoidance and anxiety sensitivity: Independent and specific associations with children’s depression, anxiety, and social anxiety symptoms. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38(1), 124–135. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-015-9502-1
- Essau, C. A., Lewinsohn, P. M., Olaya, B., & Seeley, J. R. (2014). Anxiety disorders in adolescents and psychosocial outcomes at age 30. Journal of Affective Disorders, 163, 125–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.033
- Feehan, M., McGee, R., Raja, S. N., & Williams, S. M. (1994). DSM-III-R disorders in New Zealand 18-year-olds. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 28(1), 87–99. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3109/00048679409075849
- Fledderus, M., Oude Voshaar, M. A., Ten Klooster, P. M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2012). Further evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II. Psychological Assessment, 24(4), 925–936. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028200
- Gillanders, D. T., Bolderston, H., Bond, F. W., Dempster, M., Flaxman, P. E., Campbell, L., Kerr, S., Tansey, L., Noel, P., Ferenbach, C., Masley, S., Roach, L., Lloyd, J., May, L., Clarke, S., & Remington, B. (2014). The development and initial validation of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Behavior Therapy, 45(1), 83–101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2013.09.001
- Giorgio, J. M., Sanflippo, J., Kleiman, E., Reilly, D., Bender, R. E., Wagner, C. A., Liu, R. T., & Alloy, L. B. (2010). An experiential avoidance conceptualization of depressive rumination: Three tests of the model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(10), 1021–1031. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.07.004
- Gong, Q. (2012). The relationship between social anxiety and self-concordance among high school students. Scientific Information, 34, 365–368.
- Grant, B. F., Hasin, D. S., Blanco, C., Stinson, F. S., Chou, P., Goldstein, R. B., Dawson, D. A., Smith, S., Saha, T. D., & Huang, B. (2005). The epidemiology of social anxiety disorder in the United States: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66(11), 1351–1361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v66n1102
- Greco, L. A., Baer, R. A., & Lambert, W. (2008). Psychological inflexibility in childhood and adolescence: Development and evaluation of the avoidance and fusion questionnaire for youth. Psychological Assessment, 20(2), 93–102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.20.2.93
- Han, X., & Yang, H. (2009). Chinese version of Nolen-Hoeksema Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) used in 912 college students: Reliability and validity. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 17(5), 550–551, 549.
- Hayes, A. F., & Preacher, K. J. (2013). Conditional process modeling: Using structural equation modeling to examine contingent causal processes. In G. R. Hancock, & R. O. Mueller (Eds.), Structural equation modeling: A second course (2nd ed., pp. 219–266). Information Age Publishing.
- Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. Guilford Press.
- Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
- Hayes, S. C., Villatte, M., Levin, M., & Hildebrandt, M. (2011). Open, aware, and active: Contextual approaches as an emerging trend in the behavioral and cognitive therapies. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7(1), 141–168. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104449
- Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1152–1168. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152
- He, Y., & Zhang, M. (2004). Psychometric investigation of Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Journal of Diagnostics: Concepts and Practice, 3, 89–93.
- Herzberg, K. N., Sheppard, S. C., Forsyth, J. P., Crede, M., Earleywine, M., & Eifert, G. H. (2012). The Believability of Anxious Feelings and Thoughts Questionnaire (BAFT): A psychometric evaluation of cognitive fusion in a nonclinical and highly anxious community sample. Psychological Assessment, 24(4), 877–891. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027782
- Hofmann, S. G. (2007). Cognitive factors that maintain social anxiety disorder: A comprehensive model and its treatment implications. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 36(4), 193–209. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070701421313
- Kang, H. (2019). A research on the relationships between parent-child attachment and social anxiety in senior middle school students: Mediating role of interpersonal sensitivity [Master’s thesis], Henan University, CNKI. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CMFD202001&filename=1019186139.nh
- Kashdan, T. B., Barrios, V., Forsyth, J. P., & Steger, M. F. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: Comparisons with coping and emotion regulation strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(9), 1301–1320. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.003
- Kashdan, T. B., Farmer, A. S., Adams, L. M., Ferssizidis, P., McKnight, P. E., & Nezlek, J. B. (2013). Distinguishing healthy adults from people with social anxiety disorder: Evidence for the value of experiential avoidance and positive emotions in everyday social interactions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(3), 645–655. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032733
- Kashdan, T. B., Goodman, F. R., Machell, K. A., Kleiman, E. M., Monfort, S. S., Ciarrochi, J., & Nezlek, J. B. (2014). A contextual approach to experiential avoidance and social anxiety: Evidence from an experimental interaction and daily interactions of people with social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 14(4), 769–781. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035935
- Knappe, S., Beesdo-Baum, K., Fehm, L., Stein, M. B., Lieb, R., & Wittchen, H. (2011). Social fear and social phobia types among community youth: Differential clinical features and vulnerability factors. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45(1), 111–120. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.05.002
- Leigh, E., & Clark, D. M. (2018). Understanding social anxiety disorder in adolescents and improving treatment outcomes: Applying the cognitive model of Clark and Wells (1995). Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 21(3), 388–414. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-018-0258-5
- Li, L. (2012). The research for the high school students’ features of social anxiety and the relationship among social anxiety and the related variables [Master’s thesis]. Hunan Normal University, CNKI. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CMFD201301&filename=1012438181.nh
- Li, T., Cao, J., Lu, W., Li, Y., Yang, J., & Li, Y. (2016). Research progress on psychological intervention of social anxiety disorder in adolescents. Chinese Journal of School Health, 37(10), 1590–1593.
- Liebowitz, M. R. (1987). Social Phobia. Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry, 22, 141–173. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1159/000414022
- Little, R. J. (1988). A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 83(404), 1198–1202. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1988.10478722
- Liu, G., Zhang, D., Mo, W., Li, J., & Zhu, Z. (2019). On effect of adolescents’ psychological suzhi on social anxiety and its gender differences. Journal of Southwest China Normal University (Nature Science Edition), 44(02|2), 91–96.
- Luo, Y., Wang, X., Zhu, X., & Yao, S. (2008). The level of anxiety and its influencing factor among high school students. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 22(08), 628–629.
- Lyubomirsky, S., Kasri, F., Chang, O., & Chung, I. (2006). Ruminative response styles and delay of seeking diagnosis for breast cancer symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(3), 276–304. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2006.25.3.276
- Martell, C. R., Addis, M. E., & Jacobson, N. S. (2001). Depression in context: Strategies for guided action. WW Norton.
- McLaughlin, K. A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2011). Rumination as a transdiagnostic factor in depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(3), 186–193. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.12.006
- Mellings, T. M., & Alden, L. E. (2000). Cognitive processes in social anxiety: The effects of self-focus, rumination and anticipatory processing. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(3), 243–257. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00040-6
- Merikangas, K. R., He, J. P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., … Swendsen, J. (2010). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in US adolescents: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication-adolescent supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(10), 980–989. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.05.017.
- Modini, M., & Abbott, M. J. (2016). A comprehensive review of the cognitive determinants of anxiety and rumination in social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Change, 33(3), 150–171. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2016.10
- Modini, M., Rapee, R. M., & Abbott, M. J. (2018). Processes and pathways mediating the experience of social anxiety and negative rumination. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 103, 24–32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2018.01.009
- Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1991). A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(1), 115–121. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.115
- Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400–424. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x
- O’Brien, R. M. (2007). A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors. Quality & Quantity, 41(5), 673–690. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-006-9018-6
- Orue, I., Calvete, E., & Padilla, P. (2014). Brooding rumination as a mediator in the relation between early maladaptive schemas and symptoms of depression and social anxiety in adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 37(8), 1281–1291. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.09.004
- Papachristou, H., Theodorou, M., Neophytou, K., & Panayiotou, G. (2018). Community sample evidence on the relations among behavioural inhibition system, anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance, and social anxiety in adolescents. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 8, 36–43. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.03.001
- Pickard, H., Hirsch, C., Simonoff, E., & Happe, F. (2020). Exploring the cognitive, emotional and sensory correlates of social anxiety in autistic and neurotypical adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(12),1317-1327. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13214
- Segerstrom, S. C., Tsao, J., Alden, L. E., & Craske, M. G. (2000). Worry and rumination: Repetitive thought as a concomitant and predictor of negative mood. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24(6), 671–688. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005587311498
- Shimoda, Y., Ishizu, K., & Ohtsuki, T. (2018). The reciprocal relations between experiential avoidance and social anxiety among early adolescents: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 10, 115–119. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.10.001
- Sparrevohn, R. M., & Rapee, R. M. (2009). Self-disclosure, emotional expression and intimacy within romantic relationships of people with social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(12), 1074–1078. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.07.016
- Spinhoven, P., Drost, J., De Rooij, M., Van Hemert, A. M., & Penninx, B. W. (2014). A longitudinal study of experiential avoidance in emotional disorders. Behavior Therapy, 45(6), 840–850. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2014.07.001
- Spinhoven, P., van Hemert, A. M., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2017). Experiential avoidance and bordering psychological constructs as predictors of the onset, relapse and maintenance of anxiety disorders: One or many? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41(6), 867–880. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-017-9856-7
- Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(3), 247–259. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023910315561
- Valenas, S. P., & Szentagotai-Tatar, A. (2015). The relationships between stress, negative affect, rumination and social anxiety. Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies, 15(2), 179–189.
- Wagner, G., Zeiler, M., Waldherr, K., Philipp, J., Truttmann, S., Dur, W., Treasure, J. L., & Karwautz, A. F. K. (2017). Mental health problems in Austrian adolescents: A nationwide, two-stage epidemiological study applying DSM-5 criteria. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(12), 1483–1499. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-0999-6
- Wong, Q. J. J., & Moulds, M. L. (2012). Does Rumination Predict the Strength of Maladaptive Self-Beliefs Characteristic of Social Anxiety Over Time? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(1), 94–102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-010-9316-0
- Yin, Y., Li, Y., & Xie, J. (2011). Investigation and analysis on social anxiety of rural high school students in Hunan province. Educational Measurement and Evaluation, 25(1), 39–42.
- Zhang, W., Ji, Y., Li, X., Guo, H., & Zhu, Z. (2014). Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 28(1), 40–44.
- Zhang, C., & Zhou, Z. (2018). Passive social network site use, social anxiety, rumination and depression in adolescents. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 26(3), 490–493, 497.