References
- Ansari, T. L., Derakshan, N., & Richards, A. (2008). Effects of anxiety on task switching: Evidence from the mixed antisaccade task. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 8(3), 229–238. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3758/CABN.8.3.229
- Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and non-anxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1
- Basanovic, J., Kaiko, I., & MacLeod, C. (2020). Change in attentional control predicts change in attentional bias to negative information in response to elevated state anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 45(1), 111–122. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-020-10176-3
- Berggren, N., & Derakshan, N. (2013). Trait anxiety reduces implicit expectancy during target spatial probability cueing. Emotion, 13(2), 345–349. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029981
- Bishop, S. (2009). Trait anxiety and impoverished prefrontal control of attention. Nature Neuroscience, 12(1), 92–98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2242
- Bishop, S., Duncan, J., Brett, M., & Lawrence, A. D. (2004). Prefrontal cortical function and anxiety: Controlling attention to threat-related stimuli. Nature Neuroscience, 7(2), 184–188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1173
- Bishop, S. J., Jenkins, R., & Lawrence, A. D. (2007). Neural processing of fearful faces: Effects of anxiety are gated by perceptual capacity limitations. Cerebral Cortex, 17(7), 1595–1603. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhl070
- Bryck, R. L., & Mayr, U. (2008). Task selection cost asymmetry without task switching. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15(1), 128–134. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3758/pbr.15.1.128
- Bunce, D., Handley, R., & Gaines Jr, S. O. (2008). Depression, anxiety, and within-person variability in adults aged 18 to 85 years. Psychology and Aging, 23(4), 848–858. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013678
- Caci, H., Baylé, F. J., Dossios, C., Robert, P., & Boyer, P. (2003). The Spielberger trait anxiety inventory measures more than anxiety. European Psychiatry, 18(8), 394–400. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2003.05.003
- Caselli, R. J., Reiman, E. M., Osborne, D., Hentz, J. G., Baxter, L. C., Hernandez, J. L., & Alexander, G. G. (2004). Longitudinal changes in cognition and behavior in asymptomatic carriers of the APOE e4 allele. Neurology, 62(11), 1990–1995. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000129533.26544.bf
- Cisler, J. M., & Koster, E. H. (2010). Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threat in anxiety disorders: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 203–216. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.003
- Derakshan, N., Ansari, T. L., Hansard, M., Shoker, L., & Eysenck, M. W. (2009a). Anxiety, inhibition, efficiency, and effectiveness: An investigation using the antisaccade task. Experimental Psychology, 56(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.56.1.48
- Derakshan, N., Smyth, S., & Eysenck, M. W. (2009b). Effects of state anxiety on performance using a task-switching paradigm: An investigation of attentional control theory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(6), 1112–1117. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3758/pbr.16.6.1112
- Edwards, E. J., Edwards, M. S., & Lyvers, M. (2015). Cognitive trait anxiety, situational stress, and mental effort predict shifting efficiency: Implications for attentional control theory. Emotion, 15(3), 350–359. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000051
- Eysenck, M. W. (1992). Anxiety: The cognitive perspective. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Eysenck, M. W., & Derakshan, N. (2011). New perspectives in attentional control theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 955–960. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.019
- Eysenck, M. W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M. G. (2007). Anxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory. Emotion, 7(2), 336–353. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.336
- Garner, M., Ainsworth, B., Gould, H., Gardner, H., & Baldwin, D. S. (2009). Impaired attentional control in high and low anxious healthy volunteers: Evidence from the antisaccade task. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 19(6), S599. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(09)70960-5
- Goodman, W. K., Janson, J., & Wolf, J. M. (2017). Meta-analytical assessment of the effects of protocol variations on cortisol responses to the Trier Social Stress test. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 80, 26–35. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.02.030
- Goodwin, A. H., & Sher, K. J. (1992). Deficits in set-shifting ability in nonclinical compulsive checkers. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 14(1), 81–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00960093
- Gustavson, D. E., Altamirano, L. J., Johnson, D. P., Whisman, M. A., & Miyake, A. (2017). Is set shifting really impaired in trait anxiety? Only when switching away from an effortfully established task set. Emotion, 17(1), 88–101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000212
- Gustavson, D. E., & Miyake, A. (2016). Trait worry is associated with difficulties in working memory updating. Cognition and Emotion, 30(7), 1289–1303. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2015.1060194
- Harris, P. A., Taylor, R., Thielke, R., Payne, J., Gonzalez, N., & Conde, J. G. (2009). Research electronic data capture (REDCap) – A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 42(2), 377–381. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010
- Het, S., Rohleder, N., Schoofs, D., Kirschbaum, C., & Wolf, O. T. (2009). Neuroendocrine and psychometric evaluation of a placebo version of the ‘Trier Social Stress Test’. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34(7), 1075–1086. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.02.008
- Jennings, J. R., Kamarck, T., Stewart, C., Eddy, M., & Johnson, P. (1992). Alternate cardiovascular baseline assessment techniques: Vanilla or resting baseline. Psychophysiology, 29(6), 742–750. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1992.tb02052.x
- Kirschbaum, C., Pirke, K. M., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1993). The ‘Trier Social Stress Test’–a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting. Neuropsychobiology, 28(1-2), 76–81. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1159/000119004
- Kliegl, R., Masson, M. E., & Richter, E. M. (2010). A linear mixed model analysis of masked repetition priming. Visual Cognition, 18(5), 655–681. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13506280902986058
- Kliegl, R., Wei, P., Dambacher, M., Yan, M., & Zhou, X. (2011). Experimental effects and individual differences in linear mixed models: Estimating the relationship between spatial, object, and attraction effects in visual attention. Frontiers in Psychology, 1, 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00238
- Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the penn state worry questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28(6), 487–495. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6
- Miyake, A., & Friedman, N. P. (2012). The nature and organization of individual differences in executive functions: Four general conclusions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(1), 8–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411429458
- Orem, D. M., Petrac, D. C., & Bedwell, J. S. (2008). Chronic self-perceived stress and set-shifting performance in undergraduate students. Stress, 11(1), 73–78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890701535103
- Pacheco-Unguetti, A. P., Acosta, A., Callejas, A., & Lupiáñez, J. (2010). Attention and anxiety: Different attentional functioning under state and trait anxiety. Psychological Science, 21(2), 298–304. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797609359624
- Quigley, L., Nelson, A. L., Carriere, J., Smilek, D., & Purdon, C. (2012). The effects of trait and state anxiety on attention to emotional images: An eye-tracking study. Cognition & Emotion, 26(8), 1390–1411. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2012.662892
- Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385–401. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306
- Rogers, R. D., & Monsell, S. (1995). Costs of a predictible switch between simple cognitive tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124(2), 207–231. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.124.2.207
- Shi, R., Sharpe, L., & Abbott, M. (2019). A meta-analysis of the relationship between anxiety and attentional control. Clinical Psychology Review, 72, 101754. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101754
- Singer, J. D., & Willett, J. B. (2003). Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence. Oxford University Press.
- Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Consulting Psychologists Press.
- Waldstein, S. R., Ryan, C. M., Jennings, J. R., Muldoon, M. F., & Manuck, S. B. (1997). Self-reported levels of anxiety do not predict neuropsychological performance in healthy men. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 12(6), 567–574. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/12.6.567
- Weichselbaum, H., Huber-Huber, C., & Ansorge, U. (2018). Attention capture is temporally stable: Evidence from mixed-model correlations. Cognition, 180, 206–224. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.07.013
- Weymar, M., Keil, A., & Hamm, A. O. (2014). Timing the fearful brain: Unspecific hypervigilance and spatial attention in early visual perception. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(5), 723–729. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nst044
- Wilcox, R. R., & Keselman, H. J. (2003). Modern robust data analysis methods: Measures of central tendency. Psychological Methods, 8(3), 254–274. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989x.8.3.254
- Wolpe, J. (1968). Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. Conditional Reflex: A Pavlovian Journal of Research & Therapy, 3(4), 234–240. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03000093
- Woltman, H., Feldstain, A., MacKay, J. C., & Rocchi, M. (2012). An introduction to hierarchical linear modeling. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 8(1), 52–69. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.08.1.p052
- Wong, I., Mahar, D. P., Titchener, K., & Freeman, J. E. (2013). The impact of anxiety on processing efficiency: Implications for the attentional control theory. The Open Behavioral Science Journal, 7(6), 7–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2174/1874230001307010007
- Wylie, G., & Allport, A. (2000). Task switching and the measurement of “switch costs”. Psychological Research, 63(3-4), 212–233. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s004269900003
- Yeung, N., & Monsell, S. (2003). Switching between tasks of unequal familiarity: The role of stimulus-attribute and response-set selection. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 29(2), 455–469. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.29.2.455