0
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The mediating role of hope in the relationship between benefit finding and anxiety: insights from the COVID-19 pandemic

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Received 06 Feb 2023, Accepted 06 Jul 2024, Published online: 04 Aug 2024

References

  • Affleck, G., & Tennen, H. (1996). Construing benefits from adversity: Adaptational significance and dispositional underpinnings. Jourrml of Personality, 64(4), 899–922. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00948.x
  • Ai, A. L., & Carretta, H. (2020). Optimism/hope associated with low anxiety in patients with advanced heart disease controlling for standardized cardiac confounders. Journal of Health Psychology, 25(13–14), 2520–2527. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105319864633
  • Allen, S. F., Wetherell, M. A., & Smith, M. A. (2020). Online writing about positive life experiences reduces depression and perceived stress reactivity in socially inhibited individuals. Psychiatry Research, 284, 112697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112697
  • Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2020). Comparison of models for the analysis of intensive longitudinal data. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 27(2), 275–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2019.1626733
  • August, R., & Dapkewicz, A. (2020). Benefit finding in the COVID-19 pandemic: College students’ positive coping strategies. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 5(2), 73–86. https://doi.org/10.47602/jpsp.v5i2.245
  • Buhi, E. (2008). Out of sight, not out of mind: Strategies for handling missing data. American Journal of Health Behavior, 32(1), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.32.1.8
  • Cassidy, T., McLaughlin, M., & Giles, M. (2014). Benefit finding in response to general life stress: Measurement and correlates. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2(1), 268–282. https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2014.889570
  • Chen, S., & Bonanno, G. A. (2020). Psychological adjustment during the global outbreak of COVID-19: A resilience perspective. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(S1), S51–S54. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000685
  • Cheng, S.-T., Lau, R. W. L., Mak, E. P. M., Ng, N. S. S., & Lam, L. C. W. (2014). Benefit-finding intervention for Alzheimer caregivers: Conceptual framework, implementation issues, and preliminary efficacy. The Gerontologist, 54(6), 1049–1058. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu018
  • Cohn, M. A., Fredrickson, B. L., Brown, S. L., Mikels, J. A., & Conway, A. M. (2009). Happiness unpacked: Positive emotions increase life satisfaction by building resilience. Emotion, 9(3), 361–368. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015952
  • Cox, C. R., Swets, J. A., Gully, B., Xiao, J., & Yraguen, M. (2021). Death concerns, benefit-finding, and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 12), https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648609
  • Crawford, J., Wilhelm, K., & Proudfoot, J. (2019). Web-Based benefit-finding writing for adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: Preliminary randomized controlled trial. JMIR Diabetes, 4(2), e13857. https://doi.org/10.2196/13857
  • Delpino, F. M., da Silva, C. N., Jeronimo, J. S., Mulling, E. S., da Cunha, L. L., Weymar, M. K., Alt, R., Caputo, E. L., & Feter, N. (2022). Prevalence of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of over 2 million people. Journal of Affective Disorders, 318, 272–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.003
  • Folkman, S. (2008). The case for positive emotions in the stress process. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 21(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615800701740457
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). The broaden–and–build theory of positive emotions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359(1449), 1367–1377. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1512
  • Gallagher, M. W., Long, L. J., Richardson, A., D’Souza, J., Boswell, J. F., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2020). Examining hope as a transdiagnostic mechanism of change across anxiety disorders and CBT treatment protocols. Behavior Therapy, 51(1), 190–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2019.06.001
  • Gallagher, S., O’Sullivan, L., Hughes, Z., & O’Connell, B. H. (2020). Building resources in caregivers: Feasibility of a brief writing intervention to increase benefit finding in caregivers. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 12(2), 513–531. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12195
  • Gallagher, M. W., Smith, L. J., Richardson, A. L., D’Souza, J. M., & Long, L. J. (2021). Examining the longitudinal effects and potential mechanisms of hope on COVID-19 stress, anxiety, and well-being. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 50(3), 234–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2021.1877341
  • Geldhof, G. J., & Preacher, K. J. (2014). Reliability estimation in a multilevel confirmatory factor analysis framework. Psychological Methods, 19(1), 72–91. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032138
  • Germann, J. N., Leonard, D., Heath, C. L., Stewart, S. M., & Leavey, P. J. (2018). Hope as a predictor of anxiety and depressive symptoms following pediatric cancer diagnosis. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 43(2), 152–161. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsx097
  • Gloria, C. T., & Steinhardt, M. A. (2016). Relationships among positive emotions, coping, resilience and mental health. Stress and Health, 32(2), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2589
  • Gruber, J., Prinstein, M. J., Clark, L. A., Rottenberg, J., Abramowitz, J. S., Albano, A. M., Aldao, A., Borelli, J. L., Chung, T., Davila, J., Forbes, E. E., Gee, D. G., Hall, G. C. N., Hallion, L. S., Hinshaw, S. P., Hofmann, S. G., Hollon, S. D., Joormann, J., Kazdin, A. E., … Weinstock, L. M. (2020). Mental health and clinical psychological science in the time of COVID-19: Challenges, opportunities, and a call to action. American Psychologist, https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000707
  • Hansen, S. R., Wetherell, M. A., & Smith, M. A. (2021). Written benefit finding for improving psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic first wave lockdown. Psychology & Health, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2021.1936521
  • Helgeson, V. S., Reynolds, K. A., & Tomich, P. L. (2006). A meta-analytic review of benefit finding and growth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(5), 797–816. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.74.5.797
  • Keesee, N. J., Currier, J. M., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2008). Predictors of grief following the death of one’s child: The contribution of finding meaning. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(10), 1145–1163. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20502
  • Kowalski, R. M., Carroll, H., & Britt, J. (2021). Finding the silver lining in the COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Health Psychology, 1359105321999088. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105321999088
  • Łaskawiec, D., Grajek, M., Szlacheta, P., & Korzonek-Szlacheta, I. (2022). Post-pandemic stress disorder as an effect of the epidemiological situation related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10060975
  • Lovell, B., Moss, M., & Wetherell, M. A. (2016). Assessing the feasibility and efficacy of written benefit-finding for caregivers of children with autism: A pilot study. Journal of Family Studies, 22(1), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2015.1020987
  • Mancini, A. D. (2020). Heterogeneous mental health consequences of COVID-19: Costs and benefits. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(S1), S15–S16. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000894
  • Marteau, T. M., & Bekker, H. (1992). The development of a six-item short-form of the state scale of the Spielberger state—trait anxiety inventory (STAI). British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31(3), 301–306. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00997.x
  • Maxwell, S. E., & Cole, D. A. (2007). Bias in cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation. Psychological Methods, 12(1), 23–44. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.12.1.23
  • Miao, M., & Gan, Y. (2019). How does meaning in life predict proactive coping? The self-regulatory mechanism on emotion and cognition. Journal of Personality, 87(3), 579–592. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12416
  • Miao, M., Zheng, L., Wen, J., Jin, S., & Gan, Y. (2022). Coping with coronavirus disease 2019: Relationships between coping strategies, benefit finding and well-being. Stress and Health, 38, 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3072
  • Mosley, A. J., & Branscombe, N. R. (2021). Benefit-Finding improves well-being among women who have experienced gender discrimination. Sex Roles, 84(7-8), 404–417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-020-01175-5
  • Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2017). Mplus user’s guide (8th ed.). Muthén & Muthén.
  • Park, C. L., Wilt, J. A., Russell, B. S., & Fendrich, M. (2023). Does perceived post-traumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic reflect actual positive changes? Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2022.2157821
  • Poli, S., Rimondini, M., Gajofatto, A., Mazzi, M. A., Busch, I. M., Gobbin, F., Schena, F., Del Piccolo, L., & Donisi, V. (2021). “If you can’t control the wind, adjust your sail”: tips for post-pandemic benefit finding from young adults living with multiple sclerosis. A qualitative study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084156
  • Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry, 33(2), e100213. https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
  • Rosenberg, A. R., Bradford, M. C., Barton, K. S., Etsekson, N., McCauley, E., Curtis, J. R., Wolfe, J., Baker, K. S., & Yi-Frazier, J. P. (2019). Hope and benefit finding: Results from the PRISM randomized controlled trial. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 66(1), e27485. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.27485
  • Rzeszutek, M., & Gruszczyńska, E. (2018). Posttraumatic growth among people living with HIV: A systematic review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 114, 81–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.09.006
  • Salari, N., Hosseinian-Far, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Rasoulpoor, S., Mohammadi, M., Rasoulpoor, S., & Khaledi-Paveh, B. (2020). Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and Health, 16(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w
  • Schaefer, M. R., Kenney, A. E., Himelhoch, A. C., Sharp, H., Humphrey, K. M., Olshefski, L., Gerhardt, R., & A, C. (2021). A quest for meaning: A qualitative exploration among children with advanced cancer and their parents. Psycho-Oncology, 30(4), 546–553. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.5601
  • Schlomer, G. L., Bauman, S., & Card, N. A. (2010). Best practices for missing data management in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018082
  • Senger, A. R. (2023). Hope’s relationship with resilience and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Opinion in Psychology, 50, 101559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101559
  • Shakespeare-Finch, J., Bowen-Salter, H., Cashin, M., Badawi, A., Wells, R., Rosenbaum, S., & Steel, Z. (2020). COVID-19: An Australian perspective. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 25(8), 662–672. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2020.1780748
  • Shevlin, M., Nolan, E., Owczarek, M., McBride, O., Murphy, J., Gibson Miller, J., Hartman, T. K., Levita, L., Mason, L., Martinez, A. P., McKay, R., Stocks, T. V. A., Bennett, K. M., Hyland, P., & Bentall, R. P. (2020). COVID-19-related anxiety predicts somatic symptoms in the UK population. British Journal of Health Psychology, 25(4), 875–882. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12430
  • Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249–275. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1304_01
  • Snyder, C. R., Cheavens, J., & Sympson, S. C. (1997). Hope: An individual motive for social commerce. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 1(2), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2699.1.2.107
  • Snyder, C. R., Sympson, S. C., Ybasco, F. C., Borders, T. F., Babyak, M. A., & Higgins, R. L. (1996). Development and validation of the state hope scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 321–335. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.321
  • Song, H. (2018). A primer on multilevel mediation models for egocentric social network data. Communication Methods and Measures, 12(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2017.1416343
  • Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01
  • Wang, A. W., & Hoyt, M. A. (2018). Benefit finding and diurnal cortisol after prostate cancer: The mediating role of positive affect. Psycho-Oncology, 27(4), 1200–1205. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4647
  • Wang, A. W., & Hoyt, M. A. (2020). Cancer-related masculinity threat in young adults with testicular cancer: The moderating role of benefit finding. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 33(2), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2020.1713447
  • Wen, X., Wang, D., Li, N., Qin, X., & Gu, D. (2021). The construction of the structural equation model of burden, benefit finding, and anxiety-depression of esophageal cancer caregivers based on Lazarus stress and coping theory. Annals of Palliative Medicine, 10(7), 7644–7652. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-21-1466
  • Yeung, D. Y., Ho, S. M., & Mak, C. W. (2015). Brief report: Attention to positive information mediates the relationship between hope and psychosocial well-being of adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 42(1), 98–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.04.004
  • Zheng, L., Miao, M., & Gan, Y. (2020). Perceived control buffers the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on general health and life satisfaction: The mediating role of psychological distance. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 12(4), 1095–1114. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12232
  • Zhu, L., Ranchor, A. V., Helgeson, V. S., van der Lee, M., Garssen, B., Stewart, R. E., Sanderman, R., & Schroevers, M. J. (2018). Benefit finding trajectories in cancer patients receiving psychological care: Predictors and relations to depressive and anxiety symptoms. British Journal of Health Psychology, 23(2), 238–252. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12283
  • Zyphur, M. J., & Oswald, F. L. (2015). Bayesian estimation and inference. Journal of Management, 41(2), 390–420. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313501200

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.