References
- Ahmed, S., & Matthes, J. (2016). Media representation of Muslims and Islam from 2000 to 2015: A meta-analysis. International Communication Gazette. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048516656305
- Al-Rawi, A. (2019). Gatekeeping fake news discourses on mainstream media versus social media. Social Science Computer Review, 37(6), 687–704. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439318795849
- Amath, N. (2013). The impact of 9/11 on Australian Muslim civil society organisations. Communication, Politics & Culture, 46(1), 116.
- Bales, S. N., & Gilliam, F. D. (2010). Lessons from the story of early child development: Domain decisions and framing youth development. New Directions for Youth Development, 2009(124), 119–134. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.332
- Beutel, A. J. (2017, November 14). Latest FBI numbers show anti-Muslim hate crimes continue to rise, suggest growing shift toward violence against people. Retrieved from https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/11/14/latest-fbi-numbers-show-anti-muslim-hate-crimes-continue-rise-suggest-growing-shift-toward
- Bohm, D. (2013). On dialogue. London, England: Routledge.
- Bolsen, T. (2011). The construction of news: Energy crises, advocacy messages, and frames toward conservation. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 16(2), 143–162. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161210392782
- Bowe, B. J. (2018). Permitted to build? Moral foundations in newspaper framing of mosque-construction controversies. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 95(3), 782–810. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699017709253
- Bowe, B. J., & Hoewe, J. (2016). Night and day: An illustration of framing and moral foundations in the Oklahoma Shariah amendment campaign. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 93(4), 967–985. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699016628806
- Bowe, B. J., & Makki, T. W. (2016). Muslim neighbors or an Islamic threat? A constructionist framing analysis of newspaper coverage of mosque controversies. Media, Culture & Society, 38(4), 540–558. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443715613639
- Bresnahan, M., Chen, Y., & Fedewa, K. (2018). Extinguishing Lady Liberty’s torch? Online public responses to the U.S. executive order to Ban immigrants from 7 countries. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 47(6), 564–580. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2018.1520737
- Broom, G. M., & Sha, B. L. (2013). Introduction to contemporary public relations. In Cutlip and center’s effective public relations (pp. 26–47). Boston, MA: Pearson.
- Brown, R. E. (2006). Myth of symmetry: Public relations as cultural styles. Public Relations Review, 32(3), 206–212. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2006.05.022
- Cannon, D. F. (2015). Who do you say that I am? A history of how religion communicators have often avoided ‘public relations’. Journal of Public Relations Research, 27(3), 280–296. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2015.1024252
- Carver, F. G. (1999). With Bible in one hand and battle-axe in the other: Carry A. nation as religious performer and self-promoter. Religion and American Culture, 9(1), 31–65. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/1123926
- Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE.
- Charmaz, K. (2011). Grounded theory methods in social justice research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 359–380). Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications.
- Cogburn, D., Shikako-Thomas, K., & Lai, J. (2020). Using computational text mining to understand public priorities for disability policy Towards children in Canadian national consultations. Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.Maui, Hawaii.
- Council on American-Islamic Relations. (2017a, January 30). CAIR files federal suit challenging constitutionality of Trump’s ‘Muslim ban’ executive order. Retrieved from https://www.cair.com/press_releases/cair-files-federal-suit-challenging-constitutionality-of-trumps-muslim-ban-executive-order/
- Council on American-Islamic Relations. (2017b, December 8). CAIR goes to court to challenge Trump’s Muslim ban – CAIR –. Retrieved from https://www.cair.com/press_releases/cair-goes-to-court-to-challenge-trumps-muslim-ban/
- Council on American-Islamic Relations. (2005, July 18). CAIR ‘explore the Quran” requests top 17K. Retrieved from https://www.cair.com/cair_explore_the_quran_requests_top_17k
- Council on American-Islamic Relations. (2018). About us: Vision, mission, core principles. Retrieved from https://www.cair.com/about_us
- Cury, E. (2019). Contesting Islamophobia and securing collective rights: Muslim American advocacy in the 2016 elections. Politics and Religion, 12(4), 710–735. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755048318000469
- De Maio, M., Alkazemi, M., & Wanta, W. (2016). An examination of the Roman Catholic Church’s agenda-setting function in Argentina. Journal of Media and Religion, 15(1), 15–28. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15348423.2015.1131040
- DeGregorio, C. (2009). Calling out the troops: Interest groups, press releases, and policy promotion through speech. Politics & Policy, 37(3), 463–484. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00181.x
- Deshpande. (2013). 5 tips every content curator needs to write better calls to action. Content Marketing Institute. Retrieved from https://contentmarketinginstitute.com/2013/07/tips-content-curator-write-better-calls-to-action/
- Destrier. (2019). How the role of the press release is changing. Retrieved from https://destrierpr.com/changing-role-press-release/
- Dixon, P. (2009). ‘Hearts and minds’? British counter-insurgency from Malaya to Iraq. Journal of Strategic Studies, 32(3), 353–381. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390902928172
- Dowling, J., & Pfeffer, J. (1975). Organizational legitimacy: Social values and organizational behavior. Pacific Sociological Review, 18(1), 122–136. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/1388226
- Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
- Entman, R. M. (2012). Scandal and silence: Media responses to presidential misconduct (1st ed.). Polity.Malden, Mass.
- Esposito, J. L. (2003). The Oxford dictionary of Islam. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Fitzpatrick, K., & Bronstein, C. (Eds.). (2006). Ethics in public relations: Responsible advocacy. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications.
- Fraatz, J. M. B. (1982). Policy analysts as advocates. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 1(2), 273–276. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/3324712
- Gabbay, M., & Thirkill-Mackelprang, A. (2011). A quantitative analysis of insurgent frames, claims, and networks in Iraq. APSA 2011 Annual Meeting Paper.Seattle, Washington.
- Gallup, Inc. (2011). Muslim Americans: Faith, freedom, and the future. Abu Dhabi: United Arab Emirates.
- Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1989). Media discourse and public opinion on nuclear power: A constructionist approach. American Journal of Sociology, 95(1), 1–37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/229213
- Gilliam, F. D., & Bales, S. N. (2001). Strategic frame analysis: Reframing America’s youth. UCLA: Center for Communications and Community. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sk7r6gk
- Gilliam, F. D., Jr., & Bales, S. N. (2002). Strategic frame analysis and youth development: How communications research engages the public. Handbook of Applied Developmental Science: Applying Developmental Science for Youth and Families: Historical and Theoretical Foundations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Gilpin, D. R. (2008). Narrating the organizational self: Reframing the role of the news release. Public Relations Review, 34(1), 9–18. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2007.08.005
- Graham, J., Haidt, J., Koleva, S., Motyl, M., Iyer, R., Wojcik, S. P., & Ditto, P. H. (2013). Moral foundations theory. In P. Devine & A. Plant (Eds.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 47, pp. 55–130). Burlington: Elsevier. Vermont. Retrieved from http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780124072367000024
- Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(5), 1029–1046. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015141
- Graham, J., Nosek, B. A., & Haidt, J. (2012). The moral stereotypes of liberals and conservatives: Exaggeration of differences across the political spectrum. PLoS ONE, 7(12), e50092. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050092
- Groshek, J., & Al-Rawi, A. (2013). Public sentiment and critical framing in social media content during the 2012 U.S. presidential campaign. Social Science Computer Review, 31(5), 563–576. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439313490401
- Guillory, S. (2015). How’s your press release call to action? Cision. Retrieved from http://www.cision.com/us/2015/05/hows-your-press-release-call-to-action/
- Haddad, Y. Y. (2011). Becoming American? The forging of Arab and Muslim identity in pluralist America. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press.
- Haidt, J. (2012). The righteous mind: Why good people are divided by politics and religion. New York: Vintage.
- Haidt, J., Graham, J., & Joseph, C. (2009). Above and below left-right: Ideological narratives and moral foundations. Psychological Inquiry, 20(2/3), 110–119. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10478400903028573
- Harmon, M., & Muenchen, R. (2009). Semantic framing in the build-up to the Iraq war: Fox v. CNN and other US broadcast news programs. ETC: A Review of General Semantics (pp. 12–26). https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A204375625/AONE?u=anon~9433e597&sid=googleScholar&xid=cfd41496
- Hassan, O. (2017). Trump, Islamophobia and US–Middle East relations. Critical Studies on Security, 5(2), 187–191. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/21624887.2017.1355158
- Heath, R. (2000). A rhetorical perspective on the values of public relations: Crossroads and pathways toward concurrence. Journal of Public Relations Research, 12(1), 69–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532754XJPRR1201_5
- Heath, R. L. (2006). A rhetorical theory approach to issues management. Public relations theory II (pp. 63–99). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Heath, R. L. (2011). External organizational rhetoric: Bridging management and sociopolitical discourse. Management Communication Quarterly, 25(3), 415–435. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318911409532
- Hendrix, J. A., Hayes, D. C., & Kumar, P. D. (2012). Public relations cases. Cengage Learning.Boston, Mass.
- Hoewe, J., Bowe, B. J., & Makhadmeh, N. (2014). Broadcasting Sharia: American TV News’ illustration of social identity and the emergence of a threat. Journal of Media and Religion, 13(2), 67–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15348423.2014.909195
- Hoewe, J., Peacock, C., Kim, B., & Barnidge, M. (2020). The relationship between Fox News use and Americans’ policy preferences regarding refugees and immigrants. International Journal of Communication, 14, 21.
- Huda, Q.–U. (2006). Conflict prevention and peace-building efforts by American Muslim organizations following September 11. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 26(2), 187–203.https://doi.org/10.1080/13602000600937630
- Iyer, R., Koleva, S., Graham, J., Ditto, P., & Haidt, J. (2012). Understanding Libertarian morality: The psychological dispositions of self-identified Libertarians. PLoS One, 7(8), e42366. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042366
- Jacobi, C., Van Atteveldt, W., & Welbers, K. (2016). Quantitative analysis of large amounts of journalistic texts using topic modelling. Digital Journalism, 4(1), 89–106. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2015.1093271
- Johnson, T. (2012). Equality, morality, and the impact of media framing: Explaining opposition to same-sex marriage and civil unions. Politics & Policy, 40(6), 1053–1080. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00398.x
- King, P. (2011). The extent of radicalization in the American Muslim community and that community’s response. § U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Homeland Security. Washington, D.C.: CQ Transcriptions.
- Kirilenko, A. P., & Stepchenkova, S. O. (2012). Climate change discourse in mass media: Application of computer-assisted content analysis. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 2(2), 178–191. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-012-0074-z
- Kishi, K. (2017, November 15). Assaults against Muslims in U.S. surpass 2001 level. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/15/assaults-against-muslims-in-u-s-surpass-2001-level/
- Kuypers, J. A. (2020). President Trump and the news media: Moral foundations, framing, and the nature of press bias in America. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books.
- Lakoff, G. (2014a). Mapping the brain’s metaphor circuitry: Metaphorical thought in everyday reason. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 958. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00958
- Lakoff, G. (2014b). The all new don’t think of an elephant!: Know your values and frame the debate. White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing.
- Lamme, M. O. (2014). Public relations and religion in American history: Evangelism, temperance, and business. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203768372
- Len-Rios, M. E., Hinnant, A., Park, S. A., Cameron, G. T., Frisby, C. M., & Lee, Y. (2009). Health news agenda building: Journalists’ perceptions of the role of public relations. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 86(2), 315–331. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900908600204
- Levin, B. (2017, July 20). Explaining the rise in hate crimes against Muslims in the US. Retrieved from http://theconversation.com/explaining-the-rise-in-hate-crimes-against-muslims-in-the-us-80304
- Lipka, M., & Hackett, C. (2017, April 6). Why Muslims are the world’s fastest-growing religious group. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/
- Matthes, J., & Kohring, M. (2008). The content analysis of media frames: Toward improving reliability and validity. Journal of Communication, 58(2), 258–279. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00384.x
- McGinty, A. M. (2012). The ‘mainstream Muslim’ opposing Islamophobia: Self-representations of American Muslims. Environment and Planning A, 44(12), 2957–2973. doi:https://doi.org/10.1068/a4556
- Miller, M. M., & Riechert, B. P. (2001). The spiral of oppportunity and frame resonance: Mapping the issue cycle in news and public discourse. In S. Reese, O. H. Gandy, & A. E. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life (pp. 107–122). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Mogahed, D., & Azka, M. (2019). American Muslim Poll 2019: Predicting and preventing Islamophobia. Institute for Social Policy and Understanding.Dearborn, Mich.
- Mogahed, D., & Chouhoud, Y. (2017). American Muslim poll 2017: Muslims at the crossroads. Institute for Social Policy and Understanding. Dearborn, Mich.
- Moore, K. A., & Brown, B. (2006). Preparing indicators for policymakers and advocates. In: Ben-Arieh A., Goerge R.M. (eds) .In Indicators of children’s well being (pp. 91–103). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
- Muasher, H. (2018). New Muck Rack survey: 3% of journalists say they rely heavily on press releases sent via newswires. Retrieved from https://muckrack.com/blog/2018/05/22/2018-muck-rack-survey-results
- Péladeau, N., & Davoodi, E. (2018). Comparison of latent Dirichlet modeling and factor analysis for topic extraction: A lesson of history. Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Waikoloa Village, Hawaii.
- Pew Research Center. (2015). The future of world religions: Population growth projections, 2010-2050. Washington, D.C. Retrieved from https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projections-2010-2050/
- Pew Research Center. (2017a). The changing global religious landscape. Washington, D.C. Retrieved from https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/
- Pew Research Center. (2017b). U.S. Muslims concerned about their place in society, but continue to believe in the American Dream. Washington, D.C. Retrieved from http://www.pewforum.org/2017/07/26/demographic-portrait-of-muslim-americans/
- Poole, E. (2002). Reporting Islam: Media representations and British Muslims. London: IB Tauris.
- Provalis Research. (2014). WordStat 7 user’s manual.Montreal, QC, Provalis Research.
- Saeed, A. (2007). Media, racism and Islamophobia: The representation of Islam and Muslims in the media. Sociology Compass, 1(2), 443–462. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2007.00039.x
- Saghaye-Biria, H. (2012). American Muslims as radicals? A critical discourse analysis of the US congressional hearing on ‘the extent of radicalization in the American Muslim community and that community’s response. Discourse & Society, 23(5), 508–524. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926512452972
- Shoemaker, P. J., & Reese, S. D. (2014). Mediating the message in the 21st century: A media sociology perspective (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
- Simon, A. F., & Jerit, J. (2007). Toward a theory relating political discourse, media, and public opinion. Journal of Communication, 57(2), 254–271. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00342.x
- Smith, D. S. (2019). Shaping the modern world with a stone-age brain: The Brexit referendum and the moral foundations theory. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 7(2), 863–889. doi:https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v7i2.1032
- Snow, D. A., Rochford, E. B., Jr, Worden, S. K., & Benford, R. D. (1986). Frame alignment processes, micromobilization, and movement participation. American Sociological Review, 51(4), 464–481. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2095581
- Sommerfeldt, E. (2011). Activist e-mail action alerts and identification: Rhetorical relationship building strategies in collective action. Public Relations Review, 37(1), 87–89. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2010.10.003
- Sommerfeldt, E. J. (2013). The civility of social capital: Public relations in the public sphere, civil society, and democracy. Public Relations Review, 39(4), 280–289. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2012.12.004
- Spaulding, C., & Formentin, M. (2017). Building a religious brand: Exploring the foundations of the Church of Scientology through public relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 29(1), 38–50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2017.1281137
- Stead, M., Hastings, G., & Eadie, D. (2002). The challenge of evaluating complex interventions: A framework for evaluating media advocacy. Health Education Research, 17(3), 351–364. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/her/17.3.351
- Tayeh, R. N. (2014). Implicated but not charged: Improving due process for unindicted co-conspirators comment. Akron Law Review, 47, 551–586.
- Tilson, D. J. (2001). Religious tourism, public relations and church-state partnerships. Public Relations Quarterly, 46(3), 35.
- Tilson, D. J. (2011). Public relations and religious diversity: A conceptual framework for fostering a spirit of communitas. Global Media Journal, 4(1), 43.
- Tilson, D. J., & Venkateswaran, A. (2006). Toward a covenantal model of public relations: Hindu faith communities and devotional–promotional communication. Journal of Media and Religion, 5(2), 111–133. doi:https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328415jmr0502_3
- Tolley, E. (2011, May 16). The colour of your skin, or the content of your character? Race framing in the 2008 Canadian election. Annual Meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association, Waterloo, Ontario.
- Trayner, G. (2017). Why values matter–how public relations professionals can draw on moral foundations theory. Public Relations Review, 43(1), 123–129. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2016.10.016
- Wallack, L., & Dorfman, L. (1996). Media advocacy: A strategy for advancing policy and promoting health. Health Education Quarterly, 23(3), 293–317. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819602300303
- Waymer, D., Cannon, D., & Curry, G. (2012). Delving deeper into diversity and PR: Exploring the public relations potential of the Black Church. Journal of Communication & Religion, 35(1), 12–34.
- Williamson, J. A. (2011). Using humanitarian aid to ‘win hearts and minds’: A costly failure? International Review of the Red Cross, 93(884), 1035–1061. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S1816383112000380
- Zhang, J., & Benoit, W. L. (2004). Message strategies of Saudi Arabia’s image restoration campaign after 9/11. Public Relations Review, 30(2), 161–167. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2004.02.006
- Zottola, J. (2020, March 26). The press release in PR strategy is dead. Or is it? Stern Strategy Insights. Retrieved from https://insights.sternstrategy.com/press-release-pr-strategy-dead/