Social Identity Signaling in Public Relations: Job Pursuit Intention among Students With Marginalized Racial and Ethnic Identities and Queer Identities

References

• Alcoff, L. M. (2006). Visible identities: Race, gender, and the self. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Alvarez, S. D., & Schneider, J. (2008). One college campus’s need for a safe zone: A case study. Journal of Gender Studies, 17(1), 71–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589230701838461
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arsel, Z., Crokett, D., & Scott, M. L. (2022). Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) in the journal of consumer research: A curation and research agenda. Journal of Consumer Research, 48(5), 920–933. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucab057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avery, D. R., Hernandez, M., & Hebl, M. R. (2004). Who’s watching the race? Racial salience in recruitment advertising. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(1), 146–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02541.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boakye-Danquah, J., Reed, M. G., Robson, J. P., & Sato, T. (2018). A problem of social fit? Assessing the role of bridging organizations in the recoupling of socio-ecological systems. Journal of Environmental Management, 223, 338–347. https://do.org/j.jenvman.2018.06.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braddy, P. W. (2008). Internet recruiting: The effects of website features on viewers’ perceptions of organizational culture [ Doctoral dissertation, North Carolina State University]. NC State Repository. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2389.2009.00448.x
   Google Scholar
• Braddy, P. W., Meade, A. W., Michael, J. J., & Fleenor, J. W. (2009). Internet recruiting: Effects of website content features on viewers’ perceptions of organizational culture. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 17(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2389.2009.00448.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennan, J., (Ed.). (2019). Queerbaiting and fandom: Teasing fans through homoerotic possibilities. University of Iowa Press. https://doi.org/10.1353/book71364
   Google Scholar
• Brown, M., Setren, E., & Topa, G. (2012). Do informal referrals lead to better matches? Evidence from a firm’s employee referral system (Staff Report No. 568). Federal Reserve Bank of New York. https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/staff_reports/sr568.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Brown, K. A., White, C., & Waymer, D. (2011). African-American students’ perceptions of public relations education and practice: Implications for minority recruitment. Public Relations Review, 37(5), 522–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2011.09.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaney, K. E., & Sanchez, D. T. (2018). Gender-inclusive bathrooms signal fairness across identity dimensions. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 9(2), 245–253. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617737601
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaney, K. E., Sanchez, D. T., & Remedios, J. D. (2016). Organizational identity safety cue transfers. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42(11), 1564–1576. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167216665096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinn, S. E. (2012). Queer feelings/feeling queer: A conversation with heather love about politics, teaching, and the ‘dark, tender thrills’ of affect. Transformations: The Journal of Inclusive Scholarship and Pedagogy, 22(2), 124–131.
   Google Scholar
• Chitkara, A. (2018. April, 12). PR agencies need to be more diverse and inclusive. Here’s how to start. Harvard Business Review Digital Articles 2–5.
   Google Scholar
• Ciszek, E. (2018). Queering PR: Directions in theory and research for public relations scholarship. Journal of Public Relations Research, 30(4), 134–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2018.1440354
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciszek, E. (2020). “We are people, not transactions”: Trust as a precursor to dialogue with LGBTQ publics. Public Relations Review, 46(1), 101759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.02.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciszek, E., & Lim, H. S. (2021). Perceived brand authenticity and LGBTQ publics: How LGBTQ practitioners understand authenticity. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 15(5), 395–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2021.1988954
   Google Scholar
• Ciszek, E., Mocarski, R., Price, S., & Almeida, E. (2021). Discursive stickiness: Affective institutional texts and activist resistance. Public Relations Inquiry, 10(3), 295–310. https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X211008388
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cumberbatch, S. (2021). When your identity is inherently “Unprofessional”: Navigating rules of professional appearance rooted in cisheteronormative whiteness as black women and gender non-conforming professionals. Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development, 34(2), 81–124.
   Google Scholar
• Cundiff, J. L., Ryuk, S., & Cech, K. (2018). Identity-safe or threatening? Perceptions of women-targeted diversity initiatives. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 21(5), 745–766. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430217740434
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahling, J. J., Wiley, S., Fishman, Z. A., & Loihle, A. (2016). A stake in the fight: When do heterosexual employees resist organizational policies that deny marriage equality to LGB peers? Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 132, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2015.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deloitte. (2018). Inclusive mobility: How mobilizing a diverse workforce can drive business performance. Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/Tax/us-tax-inclusive-mobility-mobilize-diverse-workforce-drive-business-performance.pdf
   Google Scholar
• De Witte, M. (2021, September 20). The psychological toll of George Floyd’s murder. Stanford News. https://news.stanford.edu/2021/09/20/psychological-toll-george-floyds-murder/
   Google Scholar
• Diversity Action Alliance. (2021). Race and ethnicity in public relations and communications (No.1). https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f3d4ff90cfe7a50ea56bde6/t/61114ba6723fd06b0583da00/1628558553395/DAA+Benchmark+Report+%28Jul+2021%29
   Google Scholar
• Dixon, J., & Dougherty, D. S. (2014). A language convergence/meaning divergence analysis exploring how LGBTQ and single employees manage traditional family expectations in the workplace. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 42(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2013.847275
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dover, T. L., Major, B., & Kaiser, C. R. (2016). Members of high-status groups are threatened by pro-diversity organizational messages. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 62, 58–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2015.10.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durkheim, É. (1964). The rules of sociological method. Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350–383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, L. (2010). Race” in public relations. In R. L. Heath (Ed.), The Sage Handbook of Public Relations (2nd ed., pp. 205–221). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Eichstaedt, J. C., Sherman, G. T., Giorgi, S., Roberts, S. O., Reynolds, M. E., Ungar, L. H., & Guntuku, S. C. (2021). The emotional and mental health impact of the murder of George Floyd on the US population | PNAS. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(39). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2109139118
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elkins, R., & King, D. (2006). The transgender phenomenon. SAGE Publications Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446220917
   Google Scholar
• Emerson, K. T. U., & Murphy, M. C. (2014). Identity threat at work: How social identity threat and situational cues contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in the workplace. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 20(4), 508–520. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eveleth, D., Stone, R., & Baker-Eveleth, L. (2018). The influence of recruitment websites on job-seeker perceptions of organization and job fit. International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction, 14(4), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJTHI.2018100101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everett, J. A. C., Faber, N. S., & Crockett, M. (2015). Preferences and beliefs in ingroup favoritism. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 9, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford, K. S., & Patterson, A. N. (2019). “Cosmetic diversity”: University websites and the transformation of race categories. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 12(2), 99–114. https://doi.org/10.1037/dhe0000092
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foy, S., Freeland, R., Miles, A., Rogers, K. B., & Smith-Lovin, L. (2014). Emotions and affect as source, outcome and resistance to inequality. In J. D. McLeod, E. J. Lawler, & M. Schwalbe (Eds.), Handbook of the social psychology of inequality (pp. 295–324). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9002-4_13
   Google Scholar
• Frijda, N. H., Kuipers, P., & Ter Schure, E. (1989). Relations among emotion, appraisal, and emotional action readiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(2), 212. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.2.212
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García García, M., Carrillo-Durán, M. V., & Tato Jimenez, J. L. (2017). Online corporate communications: Website usability and content. Journal of Communication Management, 21(2), 140–154. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-08-2016-0069
   Google Scholar
• García-Prieto, P., Bellard, E., & Schneider, S. C. (2003). Experiencing diversity, conflict, and emotions in teams. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 52(3), 413–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00142
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaucher, D., Friesen, J., & Kay, A. C. (2011). Evidence that gendered wording in job advertisements exists and sustains gender inequality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(1), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerth, H. H., & Mills, C. W. (1946). Introduction: The man and his work. In H. H. Gerth & C. W. Mills (Eds.), From Max Weber: Essays in sociology. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Giles, H., & Giles, J. (2013). Ingroups and Outgroups. In A. Kurylo (Ed.), Inter/Cultural communication: Representation and construction of culture (pp. 141–162). SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• GLAAD Media Reference Guide. 2016. GLAAD. https://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/GLAAD-Media-Reference-Guide-Tenth-Edition.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gold, M. (2018, June 21). The ABCs of L.G.B.T.Q.I.A.+. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/21/style/lgbtq-gender-language.html
   Google Scholar
• Green, E. R., & Maurer, L. (2015). The teaching transgender toolkit: A facilitator's guide to increasing knowledge, decreasing prejudice & building skills. Planned Parenthood of the Southern Finger Lakes.
   Google Scholar
• Gutiérrez, A. S., & Saint Clair, J. K. (2018). Do organizations’ diversity signals threaten members of the majority group? The case of employee professional networks. Journal of Business Research, 89, 110–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.04.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hale, J. (2009). Suggested Rules for Non-Transsexuals Writing About Transsexuals, Transsexuality, Transsexualism, or Trans ____. https://sandystone.com/hale.rules.html
   Google Scholar
• Harvard Business Review. (2020, June 22). Adapt Your DE&I initiatives to the reality of the pandemic. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/tip/2020/06/adapt-your-dei-initiatives-to-the-reality-of-the-pandemic
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2022). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, M. (2019, May 30). Pride Month: Pr’s Work for LGBTQ Equality is Never Over. PRNEWS. Retrieved from https://prnewsonline.com/prnewsblog/pride-lgbtq-equality-pr/
   Google Scholar
• Humberd, B. K., Clair, J., & Rouse, E. (. (2020, January 24). Employee demographics don’t have to be at odds with employees’ identities. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2020/01/employee-demographics-dont-have-to-be-at-odds-with-employees-identities
   Google Scholar
• Ihme, T. A., & Stürmer, S. (2018). Emphasizing excellence and diversity cues on university websites: Additive or interactive effects on prospective students’ psychological reactions? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 48(2), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12490
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain-Link, P., Kennedy, J., & Bourgeois, T. (2020, January 13). 5 strategies for creating an inclusive workplace. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2020/01/5-strategies-for-creating-an-inclusive-workplace
   Google Scholar
• Jansen, W. S., Otten, S., van der Zee, K. I., & Jans, L. (2014). Inclusion: Conceptualization and measurement. European Journal of Social Psychology, 44(4), 370–385. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, H., Ford, R., Long, P. A. C., & Ballard, D. (2016). Diversity & Inclusion: A Summary of Current Status and Practices of Arthur W. Page Society Members. Retrieved from http://plankcenter.ua.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/DI-FINAL.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kapila, M., Hines, E., & Searby, M. (2016, October 6). Why diversity, equity, and inclusion matter. Independent Sector. Retrieved from https://independentsector.org/resource/why-diversity-equity-and-inclusion-matter/
   Google Scholar
• Kim, S.-Y., & Park, H. (2011). Corporate social responsibility as an organizational attractiveness for prospective public relations practitioners. Journal of Business Ethics, 103(4), 639–653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0886-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer, M. R. (2020, June 4). The 10 commitments companies must make to advance racial justice. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2020/06/the-10-commitments-companies-must-make-to-advance-racial-justice
   Google Scholar
• Kroeper, K. M., Williams, H. E., & Murphy, M. C. (2022). Counterfeit diversity: How strategically misrepresenting gender diversity dampens organizations’ perceived sincerity and elevates women’s identity threat concerns. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 122(3), 399–426. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeMaster, B., Shultz, D., McNeill, J., Bowers, G. (., & Rust, R. (2019). Unlearning cisheteronormativity at the intersections of difference: Performing queer worldmaking through collaged relational autoethnography. Text & Performance Quarterly, 39(4), 341–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/10462937.2019.1672885
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Len-Ríos, M. E. (1998). Minority public relations practitioner perceptions. Public Relations Review, 24(4), 535–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-81119980116-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y., & Heath, A. (2017). The Socio-Economic Integration of Ethnic Minorities. Social Inclusion, 5(1), 1–4. https://do.org/10.17645//si.v5i1.943
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, F., Ye, Z., & Liu, G. (2021). Intergroup threat, knowledge of the outgroup, and willingness to purchase ingroup and outgroup products: The mediating role of intergroup emotions. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2902
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovelace, K., & Rosen, B. (1996). Differences in achieving person-organization fit among diverse groups of managers. Journal of Management, 22(5), 703–722. https://do.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(96)90019-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackie, D. M., Smith, E. R., & Ray, D. G. (2008). Intergroup Emotions and Intergroup Relations. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(5), 1866–1880. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00130.x
   Google Scholar
• Madera, J. M. (2013). Best practices in diversity management in customer service organizations: An investigation of top companies cited by diversity inc. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(2), 124–135. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965513475526
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks, R., & Jones, N. (2020, February). Collecting and Tabulating Ethnicity and Race Responses in the 2020 Census. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/data/academy/webinars/2020/collecting-and-tabulating-ethnicity-and-race-responses-in-2020-census.html
   Google Scholar
• Matuszak, S., Wojdynski, B. W., & Carlson, K. (2013, June). Looks good to me…or not: The impact of website aesthetics on online job seekers. Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, London, United Kingdom.
   Google Scholar
• Montenegro, G. T. (2020). How Public Relations Agencies Communicate Diversity and Inclusion Practices on Their Websites [University of Alabama]. https://ir.ua.edu/bitstream/handle/123456789/7030/file_1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
   Google Scholar
• Moore, T. (2020, June 19). Why PR Firms Have Failed at Executive Diversity. Retrieved from http://www.prweek.com/article/1687052?utm_source=website&utm_medium=social
   Google Scholar
• Mundy, D. E. (2015). Diversity 2.0: How the public relations function can take the lead in a new generation of diversity and inclusion (D&I) initiatives. Research Journal of the Institute for Public Relations, 2(2), 35.
   Google Scholar
• Norton, M. I., & Sommers, S. R. (2011). Whites See Racism as a Zero-Sum Game That They are Now Losing. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(3), 215–218. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611406922
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ontario Human Rights Commission. (n.d.). Racism and racial discrimination: Systemic discrimination (fact sheet). Retrieved from https://www.ohrc.on.ca/en/racism-and-racial-discrimination-systemic-discrimination-fact-sheet#:~:text=Systemic%20discrimination%20can%20be%20described,perpetuate%20disadvantage%20for%20racialized%20persons.
   Google Scholar
• Plaut, V. C., Garnett, F. G., Buffardi, L. E., & Sanchez-Burks, J. (2011). “What about me?” Perceptions of exclusion and Whites’ reactions to multiculturalism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(2), 337. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pompper, D. (2007). The gender-ethnicity construct in public relations organizations: Using feminist standpoint theory to discover latinas’ realities. Howard Journal of Communications, 18(4), 291–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646170701653669
   Google Scholar
• Powell, L. (2021, December 9). Population in United States reaches at least 20 million, according to human rights campaign foundation report. Human Rights Campaign Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.hrc.org/press-releases/we-are-here-lgbtq-adult-population-in-united-states-reaches-at-least-20-million-according-to-human-rights-campaign-foundation-report
   Google Scholar
• Provoke Media. (2020, June 4). #blacklivesmatter: Industry Resource Guide. Retrieved from https://www.provokemedia.com/latest/article/blacklivesmatter-industry-resource-guide
   Google Scholar
• Purdie-Vaughns, V., Steele, C. M., Davies, P. G., Ditlmann, R., & Crosby, J. R. Social identity contingencies: How diversity cues signal threat or safety for African Americans in mainstream institutions. (2008). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(4), 615–630. 94(4). https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=edsbig&AN=edsbig.A177633663&site=eds-live&custid=uga1. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94.4.615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purdie-Vaughns, V., & Walton, G. (2011). Is multiculturalism bad for Black Americans? In Beyond prejudice reduction: Pathways to positive intergroup relations (pp. 159–177). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/12319-008
   Google Scholar
• Qiu, J., & Muturi, N. (2016). Asian American public relations practitioners’ perspectives on diversity. Howard Journal of Communications, 27(3), 236–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2016.1172527
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen, R., Levari, D. E., Akhtar, M., Crittle, C. S., Gately, M., Pagan, J., Brennan, A., Cashman, D., Wuff, A. N., Norton, M. I., Sommers, S. R., & Urry, H. L. (2022). White (but Not Black) Americans Continue to see Racism as a Zero-Sum Game; White Conservatives (but Not Moderates or Liberals) See Themselves as Losing. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 17(6), 1800–1810. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916221082111
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read Bullock, G. (2018). Social identity in advertising: News stories, phenotypic prototypicality, and model identity influence cognitive processing and evaluation of advertisements (10809004) [ Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Roberson, Q. M. (2006). Disentangling the meanings of diversity and inclusion in organizations. Group & Organization Management, 31(2), 212–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601104273064
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, R. (2020, October 28). How PR agencies can initiate a culture of DE&I change. PR Daily. Retrieved from https://www.prdaily.com/how-pr-agencies-can-initiate-a-culture-of-dei-change/
   Google Scholar
• Sallot, L. M., Porter, L. V., & Acosta-Alzuru, C. (2004). Practitioners’ web use and perceptions of their own roles and power: A qualitative study. Public Relations Review, 30(3), 269–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2004.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, B., Winkel, D. E., & Selvarajan, T. T. (2013). Managing diversity at work: Does psychological safety hold the key to racial differences in employee performance? Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 86(2), 242–263. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, E., & Mackie, D. (2015). Dynamics of group-based emotions: Insights from intergroup emotions theory. Emotion Review, 7(4), 349–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073915590614
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, E. R., Seger, C. R., & Mackie, D. M. (2007). Can emotions be truly group level? Evidence regarding four conceptual criteria. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(3), 431. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.93.3.431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommerfeldt, E. J., Kent, M. L., & Taylor, M. (2012). Activist practitioner perspectives of website public relations: Why aren’t activist websites fulfilling the dialogic promise? Public Relations Review, 38(2), 303–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2012.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, M. (2020). Rethinking minority status and ‘visibility. Comparative Migration Studies, 8(1), 5. https://do.org/10.1186/s40878-019-0162-2
   Google Scholar
• Stacey, L., & Forbes, T. D. (2021). Feeling like a Fetish: Racialized feelings, fetishization, and the contours of sexual racism on gay dating apps. The Journal of Sex Research, 59(3), 372–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2021.1979455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudhaman, A., & Shah, A. (2020, June 12). 10 commitments PR firms can make to advance racial equity. Provoke Media. Retrieved from https://www.provokemedia.com/long-reads/article/10-commitments-pr-firms-can-make-to-advance-racial-equity
   Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of inter-group conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of inter-group relations (pp. 33–47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
   Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7–24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Tatum, B. D. (2017). Why are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria?. Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, K. M. (2020, April 22). Mentoring Across Differences: Fostering DEI [Webinar]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEosJ8sBCGg
   Google Scholar
• Tindall, N. T. J., & Everett, K. (2014). Going beyond race, ethnicity and gender to define diversity. PRSay. Retrieved from https://prsay.prsa.org/2014/02/19/going-beyond-race-ethnicity-and-gender-to-define-diversity/
   Google Scholar
• Tindall, N. T. J., & Waters, R. D. (2012). Coming out to tell our stories: Using queer theory to understand the career experiences of gay men in public relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 24(5), 451–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2012.723279
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trepte, S., & Loy, L. S. (2017). Social identity theory and self-categorization theory. In P. Rössler, C. A. Hoffner, & L. van Zoonen (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of media effects (pp. 1–13). Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2022). Labor force statistics from the current population survey. The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat11.htm
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau. (2019). U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: United States. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045219
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). About Race. The United States Census Bureau. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/topics/population/race/about.html
   Google Scholar
• Uysal, N. (2013). Shifting the paradigm: Diversity communication on corporate web sites. Public Relations Journal, 7(2). https://doaj.org/article/b8692c614840447698953f65bdb9162f
   Google Scholar
• Vardeman-Winter, J., & Place, K. R. (2017). Still a lily-white field of women: The state of workforce diversity in public relations practice and research. Public Relations Review, 43(2), 326–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.01.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, H. J., Feild, H. S., Bernerth, J. B., & Becton, J. B. (2012). Diversity cues on recruitment websites: Investigating the effects on job seekers’ information processing. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(1), 214. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, H. J., Feild, H. S., Giles, W. F., Armenakis, A. A., & Bernerth, J. B. (2009). Displaying employee testimonials on recruitment web sites: Effects of communication media, employee race, and job seeker race on organizational attraction and information credibility. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(5), 1354. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, H. J., Feild, H. S., Giles, W. F., Bernerth, J. B., & Short, J. C. (2011). So what do you think of the organization? A contextual priming explanation for recruitment Web site characteristics as antecedents of job seekers organizational image perceptions | Elsevier Enhanced Reader. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 114(2), 165–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2010.11.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walton, G. M., & Cohen, G. L. (2007). A question of belonging: Race, social fit, and achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(1), 82–96. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wirtz, J. G., & Ngondo, P. (2013). An analysis of the website strategies of top fee-generating U.S.-based public relations agencies. Public Relations Journal, 7(1), 33.
   Google Scholar
• Woods, N., & Hardman, D. (2022). ‘It’s just absolutely everywhere’: Understanding LGBTQ experiences of queerbaiting. Psychology and Sexuality, 13(3), 583–594. https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2021.1892808
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, A. (2021). Communicating corporate LGBTQ advocacy: A computational comparison of the global CSR discourse. Public Relations Review, 47(4), 102061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2021.102061
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar