Reduction of dynamic shear modulus of saturated marine sandy silt under complex stress conditions

References

• Anastasiadis, A., K. Pitilakis, K. Senetakis, and A. Souli. 2011. Dynamic response of sandy and gravelly soils: Effect of grain size characteristics on G-γ-D curves. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, Santiago, Chile.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM. 2011. Standard Test Method for Load Controlled Cyclic Triaxial Strength of Soil. ASTM D5311. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM. 2013. Standard Test Methods for the Determination of the Modulus and Damping Properties of Soils Using the Cyclic Trial Apparatus. ASTM D3999/D3999m. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, Guoxing, Qi Wu, Zhenglong Zhou, Weijia Ma, Weiyun Chen, Sara Khoshnevisan, and Jun Yang. 2020. Undrained Anisotropy and Cyclic Resistance of Saturated Silt Subjected to Various Patterns of Principal Stress Rotation. Géotechnique 70 (4): 317–331. doi:10.1680/jgeot.18.P.180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, G. X., Z. L. Zhou, Z. L. H. Pan, H. T. Sun, T. X. J., and Li, X. J. 2016. The Influence of Undrained Cyclic Loading Patterns and Consolidation States on the Deformation Features of Saturated Fine Sand over a Wide Strain Range. Engineering Geology 204: 77–93. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.02.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, G. X., Z. L. Zhou, T. Sun, Q. Wu, L. Y. Xu, S. Khoshnevisan, and D. S. Ling. 2019. Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Sand–Gravel Mixtures over a Wide Strain Range. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 23 (8): 1407–1440. doi:10.1080/13632469.2017.1387200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darendeli, M. B. 2001. Development of a New Family of Normalized Modulus Reduction and Material Damping Curves. PhD Thesis, University of Texas at Austin.
   Google Scholar
• Dong, W. Q., X. Q. Hu, Y. Zhang, and H. T. Fu. 2020. Dynamic Characteristics of Marine Soft Clay under Variable Phase Difference and Initial Static Shear Stress. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology 38 (7): 770–785. doi:10.1080/1064119X.2019.1622159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardin, B. O., and V. P. Drnevich. 1972. Shear Modulus and Damping in Soils. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division 98 (7): 667–692. doi:10.1061/JSFEAQ.0001760.
   Google Scholar
• Hashash, Y. M. A., and D. Park. 2001. Non-Linear One-Dimensional Seismic Ground Motion Propagation in the Mississippi Embayment. Engineering Geology 62 (1–3): 185–206. doi:10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00061-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashash, Y., C. Phillips, and D. R. Groholski. 2010. Recent Advances in Non-Linear Site Response Analysis. Fifth International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Dynamics, San Diego, California.
   Google Scholar
• Hight, D. W., M. J. SyMes, and A. Gens. 1983. The Development of a New Hollow Cylinder Apparatus for Investigating the Effects of Principal Stress Rotation in Soils. Géotechnique 33 (4): 355–383. doi:10.1680/geot.1983.33.4.355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, A. B., W. J. Chang, B. An, H. H. Hsu, and H. Y. J. Huang. 2015. A Mist Pluviation Method for Reconstituting Silty Sand Specimens. Engineering Geology 188: 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.01.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, Bo, Xingyao Chen, and Yu Zhao. 2015. A New Index for Evaluating Liquefaction Resistance of Soil under Combined Cyclic Shear Stresses. Engineering Geology 199: 125–139. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.10.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishihara, K., and I. Towhata. 1983. Sand Response to Cyclic Rotation of Principal Stress Directions as Induced by Wave Loads. Soils and Foundations 23 (4): 11–26. doi:10.3208/sandf1972.23.4_11.
   Google Scholar
• Javdanian, H., and Y. Jafarian. 2018. Dynamic Shear Stiffness and Damping Ratio of Marine Calcareous and Siliceous Sands. Geo-Marine Letters 38 (4): 315–322. doi:10.1007/s00367-018-0535-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joseph, S. I., R. Golesorkhi, and H. B. Seed. 1988. Dynamic Moduli and Damping Ratios for Cohesive Soils. Berkeley: Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California.
   Google Scholar
• Kagawa, T. 1992. Moduli and Damping Factors of Soft Marine Clays. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 118 (9): 1360–1375. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1992)118:9(1360).
   Google Scholar
• Kondner, R. L. 1963. Hyperbolic Stress-Strain Response: Cohesive Soils. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division 89 (1): 115–143. doi:10.1061/JSFEAQ.0000479.
   Google Scholar
• Leng, Jian, Guan-lin Ye, Bin Ye, and Dong-Sheng Jeng. 2017. Laboratory Test and Empirical Model for Shear Modulus Degradation of Soft Marine Clays. Ocean Engineering 146: 101–114. doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.09.057.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Yuying, Ping Li, and Sheng Zhu. 2022. The Study on Dynamic Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Marine Soils Based on Dynamic Triaxial Test. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology 40 (4): 473–486. doi:10.1080/1064119X.2021.1908463.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Q. F., H. Y. Zhuang, Q. Wu, K. Zhao, and G. X. Chen. 2022. Experimental Study on Dynamic Modulus and Damping Ratio of Rubber–Sand Mixtures over a Wide Strain Range. Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 16 (02): 2140006. doi:10.1142/S1793431121400066.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, W. J., Y. Qin, K. Zhao, and G. X. Chen. 2022. Comparisons on Liquefaction Behavior of Saturated Coral Sand and Quartz Sand under Principal Stress Rotation. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology 40 (2): 1–13. doi:10.1080/1064119X.2021.1882627.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menq, F. 2003. Dynamic Properties of Sandy and Gravelly Soils. PhD Thesis, University of Texas at Austin.
   Google Scholar
• Oztoprak, S., and M. D. Bolton. 2013. Stiffness of Sands through a Laboratory Test Database. Géotechnique 63 (1): 54–70. doi:10.1680/geot.10.P.078.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasanna, R., and S. Sivathayalan. 2022. Liquefaction of Sands Subjected to Principal Stress Rotation Caused by Generalized Seismic Loading. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 59 (8): 1427–1442. doi:10.1139/cgj-2021-0035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rollins, K. M., M. D. Evans, N. B. DIehl, and W. D. Daily III. 1998. Shear Modulus and Damping Relationships for Gravels. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 124 (5): 396–405. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:5(396).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rollins, K. M., M. Singh, and J. Roy. 2020. Simplified Equations for Shear-Modulus Degradation and Damping of Gravels. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 146 (9): 04020076. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, J., and X. M. Yuan. 2010. Effect of Consolidation Ratio of Cohesive Soils on Dynamic Shear Modulus. Rock and Soil Mechanics 31 (5): 1457–1462.
   Google Scholar
• Seed, H. 1970. Soil Moduli and Damping Factors for Dynamic Response Analyses. EERC 70-10. California: Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California Berkeley.
   Google Scholar
• Senetakis, K. 2011. Dynamic Properties of Granular Soils and Mixtures of Typical Sands and Gravels with Recycled Synthetic Materials. Greece: Aristotle University of ThessalonikiDepartment of Civil Engineering.
   Google Scholar
• Senetakis, K., A. Anastasiadis, and K. Pitilakis. 2013. Normalized Shear Modulus Reduction and Damping Ratio Curves of Quartz Sand and Rhyolitic Crushed Rock. Soils and Foundations 53 (6): 879–893. doi:10.1016/j.sandf.2013.10.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sze, H. Y., and J. Yang. 2014. Failure Modes of Sand in Undrained Cyclic Loading: Impact of Sample Preparation. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 140 (1): 152–169. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000971.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toyota, H., and S. Takada. 2021. Settlement Assessment of Sand Subjected to Cyclic Stress Related to a Load Moving over a Surface Using Hollow Cylindrical Torsional Shear Apparatus. Transportation Geotechnics 29 (3): 100580. doi:10.1016/j.trgeo.2021.100580.
   Google Scholar
• Vucetic, M., and R. Dobry. 1991. Effect of Soil Plasticity on Cyclic Response. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 117 (1): 89–107. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:1(89).
   Google Scholar
• Wichtmann, T., and T. Triantafyllidis. 2009. Influence of the Grain-Size Distribution Curve of Quartz Sand on the Small Strain Shear Modulus Gmax. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 135 (10): 1404–1418. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000096.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wichtmann, T., and T. Triantafyllidis. 2013. Effect of Uniformity Coefficient on G/Gmax and Damping Ratio of Uniform to Well Graded Quartz Sands. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 139 (1): 59–72. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000735.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wichtmann, T., M. A. N. Hernández, and T. Triantafyllidis. 2015. On the Influence of a Non-Cohesive Fines Content on Small Strain Stiffness, Modulus Degradation and Damping of Quartz Sand. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 69 (2): 103–114. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.10.017.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, Q., W. J. Ma, Q. F. Liu, K. Zhao, and G. X. Chen. 2021. Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Rubber-Sand Mixtures with a Wide Range of Rubber Content. Materials Today Communication 27 (2): 102341. doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102341.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, T., Y. Cai, L. Guo, D. Ling, and J. Wang. 2017. Influence of Shear Stress Level on Deformation Behaviour of Undisturbed Soft Clay under Traffic Loading. Engineering Geology 228: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.06.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, W. B., Q. Wu, and G. X. Chen. 2019. Research on Prediction Method of Dynamic Shear Modulus of Undisturbed Soil at the Mouth of the Yangtze River. Rock and Soil Mechanics 40 (10): 3889–3896.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, K., Q. Z. Wang, H. Y. Zhuang, Z. Y. Li, and G. X. Chen. 2022. A Fully Coupled Flow Deformation Model for Seismic Site Response Analyses of Liquefiable Marine Sediments. Ocean Engineering 251: 111144. doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111144.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, X. Z., A. W. Stuedlein, Y. M. Chen, Z. Zhang, and H. L. Liu. 2020. Cyclic Response of Loose Anisotropically Consolidated Calcareous Sand under Progressive Wave–Induced Elliptical Stress Paths. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 146 (12): 04020143. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002422.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhuang, H. Y., R. Wang, G. X. Chen, Y. Miao, and K. Zhao. 2018. Shear Modulus Reduction of Saturated Sand under Large Liquefaction-Induced Deformation in Cyclic Torsional Shear Tests. Engineering Geology 240: 110–122. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.04.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar