Assessing and predicting surrounding rock settlement troughs in the subsea tunnel: A case study of Haicang Tunnel

References

• Dalgic, S. 2003. Tunneling in Fault Zones, Tuzla Tunnel, Turkey. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 18 (5): 453–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0886-7798(03)00045-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di, Q. G., P. F. Li, M. J. Zhang, W. J. Zhang, and X. Y. Wang. 2022. Analysis of Face Stability for Tunnels under Seepage Flow in the Saturated Ground. Ocean Engineering 266: 112674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112674.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, Z. C., Z. G. Zhu, and X. Y. Chen. 2021. Research on Construction Method and Deformation Control Technology of High Ground Stress Interbedded Soft Rock Tunnel. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40 (4): 6175–6183. https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-189455.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, P. P., X. N. Gong, Y. X. Wang, H. Lin, and Y. L. Zhao. 2021. Minimum Cover Depth Estimation for Underwater Shield Tunnels. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 115: 104027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2021.104027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herzog, M. 1985. Surface Subsidence above Shallow Tunnels. Bautechnik 62 (11): 375–377.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, M., and J. W. Zhan. 2019. Face Stability Assessment for Underwater Tunneling Across a Fault Zone. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 33 (3): 04019034. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001296.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karakus, M., and R. J. Fowell. 2003. Effects of Different Tunnel Face Advance Excavation on the Settlement by FEM. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 18 (5): 513–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0886-7798(03)00068-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knothe, St. 1957. Observations of Surface Movements under Influence of Mining and Their Theoretical Interpretation. Paper Presented at the Proceedings of the European Congress on Ground Movement.
   Google Scholar
• Kong, F. C., D. C. Lu, X. L. Du, X. Q. Li, and C. C. Su. 2021. Analytical Solution of Stress and Displacement for a Circular Underwater Shallow Tunnel Based on a Unified Stress Function. Ocean Engineering 219: 108352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.108352.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, P.-f., Q. Fang, and D.-l. Zhang. 2014. Analytical Solutions of Stresses and Displacements for Deep Circular Tunnels with Liners in Saturated Ground. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A 15 (6): 395–404. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1400023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, L., S. Sun, J. Wang, W. Yang, S. Song, and Z. Fang. 2020. Experimental Study of the Precursor Information of the Water Inrush in Shield Tunnels Due to the Proximity of a Water-Filled Cave. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 130: 104320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2020.104320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J. Q., W. Z. Chen, J. Q. Yuan, C. J. Li, Q. Y. Zhang, and X. F. Li. 2018. Groundwater Control and Curtain Grouting for Tunnel Construction in Completely Weathered Granite. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 77 (2): 515–531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1003-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, P. F., and Y. Zhao. 2016. Performance of a Multi-Face Tunnel Excavated in Loess Ground Based on Field Monitoring and Numerical Modeling. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 9 (14): 10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-016-2668-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, P. F., Y. Zhao, and X. J. Zhou. 2016. Displacement Characteristics of High-Speed Railway Tunnel Construction in Loess Ground by Using Multi-Step Excavation Method. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 51: 41–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.10.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, P. F., and X. J. Zhou. 2015. Mechanical Behavior and Shape Optimization of Lining Structure for Subsea Tunnel Excavated in Weathered Slot. China Ocean Engineering 29 (6): 875–890. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13344-015-0061-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mair, R. J., R. N. Taylor, and A. Bracegirdle. 1993. Subsurface Settlement Profiles above Tunnels in Clays. Géotechnique 43 (2): 315–320. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1993.43.2.315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsen, B. 2011. Cases of Instability Caused by Weakness Zones in Norwegian Tunnels. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 70 (1): 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-010-0331-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peck, R. B. 1969. Deep Excavations and Tunneling in Soft Ground. Proceedings of the 7th ICSMFE 1969, 225–290.
   Google Scholar
• Powrie, W. 2018. Soil Mechanics: Concepts and Applications. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shi, P. X., D. L. Zhang, J. L. Pan, and W. Liu. 2016. Geological Investigation and Tunnel Excavation Aspects of the Weakness Zones of Xiang’an Subsea Tunnels in China. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 49 (12): 4853–4867. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1076-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, K. I., G. C. Cho, and S. W. Lee. 2011. Effects of Spatially Variable Weathered Rock Properties on Tunnel Behavior. Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics 26 (3): 413–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2010.11.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, X. H., S. W. Cui, Y. Tan, and Y. F. Zhang. 2022. Influence of Water Pressure on Deep Subsea Tunnel Buried within Sandy Seabed. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology 40 (8): 967–982. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2021.1961954.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, S. G., S. C. Li, L. P. Li, Q. Q. Zhang, K. Wang, Y. Zhou, and H. L. Liu. 2016. Study on Longitudinal Deformation Profile of Rock Mass in a Subsea Tunnel. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology 34 (4): 376–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2015.1012314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Z. Y., D. L. Zhang, and Q. Fang. 2023. Technologies for Large Cross-Section Subsea Tunnel Construction Using Drilling and Blasting Method. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 141: 105161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2023.105161.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Z. Y., D. L. Zhang, A. Li, S. Lu, Q. M. Tai, and Z. F. Chu. 2022. Model Test and Numerical Analysis for the Face Failure Mechanism of Large Cross-Section Tunnels under Different Ground Conditions. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 130: 104735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2022.104735.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y. C., H. W. Jing, H. J. Su, and J. Y. Xie. 2017. Effect of a Fault Fracture Zone on the Stability of Tunnel-Surrounding Rock. International Journal of Geomechanics 17 (6): 04016135. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0000837.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue, Y., F. Kong, D. Qiu, M. Su, Y. Zhao, and K. Zhang. 2021. The Classifications of Water and Mud/Rock Inrush Hazard: A Review and Update. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 80 (3): 1907–1925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-02012-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue, Y. G., G. K. Li, X. K. Wang, W. M. Yang, D. H. Qiu, and M. X. Su. 2020. Analysis and Optimization Design of Submarine Tunnels Crossing Fault Fracture Zones Based on Numerical Simulation. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology 38 (9): 1106–1117. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2019.1655120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue, Y. G., B. H. Zhou, S. Q. Ge, D. H. Qiu, and H. M. Gong. 2020. Optimum Design Calculation Method for the Reasonable Buried Depth: A Case Study from Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Immersed Tunnel. Ocean Engineering 206: 107275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yue, X. B., Y. Xie, and Y. L. Xie. 2018. The Deformation Characteristics of Weak Foundation with High Back Siltation in the Immersed Tunnel. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6538764.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Z. G., Y. Y. Han, X. L. Lv, J. P. Chen, Y. T. Pan, and Y. Ni. 2024. Mechanical Response of Shield Tunnel Lining under Nonlinear Wave and Current Action in Sloping Seabed. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 48 (2): 419–462. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.3644.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J. Q., S. C. Li, Q. S. Zhang, X. Zhang, P. Li, D. M. Wang, and X. J. Weng. 2019. Mud Inrush Flow Mechanisms: A Case Study in a Water-Rich Fault Tunnel. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 78 (8): 6267–6283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01508-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Z. Y., C. Y. Zhao, L. Peng, X. H. Zhang, and M. F. Lei. 2022. Research on the Stability of Shallow-Buried Large Cross-Section Tunnel by Construction Method Conversion. Frontiers in Earth Science 10: 831169. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.831169.
   Google Scholar
• Zheng, Y., K. Wu, Y. J. Jiang, R. Chen, and J. C. Duan. 2023. Optimization and Design of Pre-Reinforcement for a Subsea Tunnel Crossing a Fault Fracture Zone. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology 41 (1): 36–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2021.2009602.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, Z., Y. Chen, Z. Z. Liu, and L. W. Miao. 2020. Theoretical Prediction Model for Deformations Caused by Construction of New Tunnels Undercrossing Existing Tunnels Based on the Equivalent Layered Method. Computers and Geotechnics 123: 103565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103565.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar