Fisheries Assessment and Management: A Synthesis of Common Approaches with Special Reference to Deepwater and Data-Poor Stocks

REFERENCES

• Agnew , D. J. , Edwards , C. T. T. , Hillary , R. M. , Mitchell , R. and Lopez , L. J. 2009 . Abellan. Status of the coastal stocks of Dissostichus spp. in East Antarctica (Divisions 58.4.1 and 58.4.2) . CCAMLR Sci. , 16 : 71 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allain , V . 2001 . Reproductive strategies of three deepwater benthopelagic fishes from the northeast Atlantic Ocean . Fish. Res. , 51 : 165 – 176 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annala , J. H. , Sullivan , K. J. , O’Brien , C. J. , Smith , N. W. and Grayling , S. M. 2003 . May 2003: Stock assessment and yield estimates , NIWA : Report from the Fishery Assessment Plenary .
   Google Scholar
• Apostolaki , P. and Hillary , R. 2009 . Harvest control rules in the context of fishery-independent management of fish stocks . Aquat. Living Resour. , 22: : 217 – 224 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ault , J. S. and Ehrhardt , N. M. 1991 . Correction to the Beverton and Holt Z-estimator for truncated catch length-frequency distributions . ICLARM Fishbyte , 9 : 137 – 139 .
   Google Scholar
• Beare , D. J. , Needle , C. L. , Burns , F. and Reid , D. G. 2005 . Using survey data independently from commercial data in stock assessment: An example using haddock in ICES Division VIa . ICES J. Marine Sci. , 62 : 996 – 1005 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergstad , O. A. and Gordon , J. D. M. 1994 . Deepwater ichthyoplankton of the Skagerrak with special reference to Coryphanoides rupestris (Gunnerus, 1765 (Pices, Macrouridae)) and Argentina silus . Sarsia , 79 : 33 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Beverton , R. J. H. and Holt , S. J. 1956 . A review of methods for estimating mortality rates in fish populations, with special reference to sources of bias in catch sampling . Rapports et Proces-verbaux des Reunions, Conseil International Pour L’Exploration de la Mer , 140 : 67 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Beverton , R. J. H. and Holt , S. J. 1957 . “ On the dynamics of exploited fish populations ” . In Fishery Investigations Series II. , Lowestoft , , England, U.K : Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food .
   Google Scholar
• Bogaards , J. A. , Kraak , S. B. M. and Rijnsdorp , A. 2009 . Bayesian survey-based assessment of North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa): Extracting integrated signals from multiple surveys . ICES J. Marine Sci. , 66 : 665 – 679 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandão , A. and Butterworth , D. S. 2009 . A proposed management procedure for the toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) resource in the Prince Edwards Islands vicinity . CCAMLR Science , 16 : 33 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brander , K . 1981 . Disappearance of common skate Raia batis from Irish Sea . Nature , 290 : 48 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brodziak , J. , Ianelli , J. , Lorenzen , K. and Methot , R. 2011 . Estimating Natural Mortality in Stock Assessment Applications , Seattle : Alaska Fisheries Science Center . NOAA Technical Memorandum
   Google Scholar
• Brooks , E. N. and Powers , J. E. 2007 . Generalized compensation in stock-recruit functions: Properties and implications for management . ICES J. Mar. Sci. , 64 : 413 – 424 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks , E. N. , Powers , J. E. and Cortes , E. 2010 . Analytical reference points for age-structured models: Application to data-poor fisheries . ICES J. Mar. Sci. , 67 : 165 – 175 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butterworth , D. S. 2007 . Why a management procedure approach? Some positives and negatives . ICES J. Mar. Sci. , 64 : 613 – 617 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butterworth , D. S. , Cochrane , K. L. and De Oliveria , J. A. A. 1997 . “ Management procedures: A better way to manage fisheries? The South African experience ” . In Global Trends: Fisheries Management , Edited by: Pikitch , E. K. , Huppert , D. D. and Sissenwine , M. P. Bethesda , MD : American Fisheries Society Symposium .
   Google Scholar
• Butterworth , D. S. and Punt , A. E. 1999 . Experiences in the evaluation and implementation of management procedures . ICES J. Mar. Sci. , 56 : 985 – 998 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butterworth , D. S. and Rademeyer , R. A. 2008 . Statistical catch-at-age analysis vs. ADAPT-VPA: The case of Gulf of Maine cod . ICES J. Mar. Sci. , 65 : 1717 – 1732 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cadrin , S. X. and Pastoors , M. A. 2008 . Precautionary harvest policies and the uncertainty paradox . Fish. Res. , 94 : 367 – 372 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbonell , A. and Azevedo , M. 2003 . Application of non-equilibrium production models to the red shrimp (Aristeus antennatus, Risso, 1816) fishery in the northwestern Mediterranean . Fish. Res. , 65 : 323 – 334 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charnov , E. L. 1990 . On evolution of age of maturity and the adult lifespan . J. Evolut. Biol. , 3 : 139 – 144 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charnov , E. L. 1993 . Life-History Invariants: Some Explorations of Symmetry in Evolutionary Ecology , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Charuau , A. , Du Pouy , H. and Lorance , P. 1995 . “ French exploitation of the deepwater fisheries of the North Atlantic ” . In NATO Advanced Workshop on Deepwater Fisheries of the North Atlantic Slope , Edited by: Hopper , A. G. Amsterdam , Holland : Kluwer .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , M. 2001 . Are deepwater fisheries sustainable? The example of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) in New Zealand . Fish. Res. , 51 : 123 – 135 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , M. R. 1995 . “ Experience with the management of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) in New Zealand, and the effects of commercial fishing on stocks over the period 1980–1993 ” . In Deepwater Fisheries of the North Atlantic Oceanic Slope , Edited by: Hopper , A. G. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , M. R. 1996 . Biomass estimation of orange roughy: A summary and evaluation of techniques for measuring stock size of a deepwater fish species in New Zealand . J. Fish Biol. , 49 : 114 – 131 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , M. R. , Anderson , O. F. , Chris Francis , R. I. C. and Tracey , D. M. 2000 . The effects of commercial exploitation on orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) from the continental slope of the Chatham Rise, New Zealand, from 1979 to 1997 . Fish. Res. , 45 : 217 – 238 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , W. G. 1991 . Groundfish exploitation rates based on life-history parameters . Canadian J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 48 : 734 – 750 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , W. G. 1993 . “ The effect of recruitment variability on the choice of a target level of spawning biomass per recruit ” . In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Management Strategies for Exploited Fish Populations , Edited by: Kruse , G. , Marasco , R. J. , Pautzke , C. and Quinn , T. J. USA : University of Alaska .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , W. G. 2002 . F 35% revisited ten years later . N. Amer. J. Fish. Manag. , 22 : 251 – 257 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke , M. W . 2003 . “ A life-history approach to the assessment of deepwater fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic ” . In Deep Sea 2003: Conference on the Governance and Management of Deepwater Fisheries , Edited by: Shotton , R. Queenstown , New Zealand : FAO .
   Google Scholar
• Clarke , M. W. , Kelly , C. J. , Connolly , P. L. and Molloy , J. P. 2003 . A life-history approach to the assessment and management of deepwater fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic . J. NW Atlant. Fish. Sci. , 31 : 401 – 411 .
   Google Scholar
• Cooke , J. G. 1999 . Improvement of fishery-management advice through simulation testing of harvest algorithms . ICES J. Mar. Sci. , 56 : 797 – 810 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortés , E. 1998 . Demographic analysis as an aid in shark stock assessment and management . Fish. Res. , 39 : 199 – 208 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cotter , J. , Mesnil , B. , Witthames , P. and Parker-Humphreys , M. 2009 . Notes on nine biological indicators estimable from trawl surveys with an illustrative assessment for North Sea cod . Aquat. Living Resour. , 22 : 135 – 153 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAFF . 2007 . Commonwealth Fisheries Harvest Strategy Policy , Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Australian Government .
   Google Scholar
• Darby , C. and Flatman , S. 1994 . Virtual Population Analysis: Version 3.1 User Guide , MAFF Directorate of Fisheries Research .
   Google Scholar
• DeLury , D. B. 1947 . On the estimation of biological populations . Biometrics , 3 : 145 – 167 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorn , M. 2002 . Advice on West Coast rockfish harvest rates from Bayesian meta-analysis of stock-recruit relationships . J. Fish. Manag. , 22 : 280 – 300 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowling , N. A. , Smith , D. C. , Knuckey , I. , Smith , A. D. M. , Domaschenz , P. , Patterson , H. M. and Whitelaw , W. 2008 . Developing harvest strategies for low-value and data-poor fisheries: Case studies from three Australian fisheries . Fish. Res. , 94 : 380 – 390 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du Buit , M. H. 1995 . Notes preliminaries sur la ponte de l’hoplostethe (Hoplostethus atlanticus, Trachichthyidae) a l’ouest des iles Britanniques . Cybium , 19 : 199 – 200 .
   Google Scholar
• Dulvy , N. K. , Metcalfe , J. D. , Glanville , J. , Pawson , M. G. and Reynolds , J. D. 2000 . Fishery stability, local extinctions, and shifts in community structure in skates . Conserv. Biol. , 14 : 283 – 293 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrhardt , N. M. and Ault , J. S. 1992 . Analysis of two length-based mortality models applied to bounded catch length frequencies . Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. , 121 : 115 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO . 1995 . Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries , Rome : FAO .
   Google Scholar
• FAO . 1996 . Precautionary Approach to Capture Fisheries and Species Introduction , Rome : FAO . FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries
   Google Scholar
• FAO . 2003 . Fisheries Management. 2. The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries , Rome : FAO . FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries
   Google Scholar
• FAO . 2008 . Report and documentation of the expert consultation on deepwaters fisheries in the high seas, Bangkok, Thailand, 11–14 September 2007 , FAO Fisheries Report No. 855 .
   Google Scholar
• FAO . 2009 . International Guidelines for the Management of Deepwater Fisheries in the High Seas , Rome : FAO .
   Google Scholar
• Francis , R. I. C. C. , Cordue , P. L. and Haist , V. 2002 . Review of the 2001 hoki stock assessment , New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report .
   Google Scholar
• Froese , R. 2004 . Keep it simple: Three indicators to deal with overfishing . Fish Fish. , 5 : 86 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavaris , S. 1988 . An adaptive framework for the estimation of population size , Canadian Atlantic Fisheries Scientific Advisory Committee .
   Google Scholar
• Gedamke , T. and Hoenig , J. M. 2006 . Estimating mortality from mean length data in nonequilibrium situations, with application to the assessment of goosefish . Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. , 135 : 476 – 487 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gedamke , T. , Hoenig , J. M. , Musick , J. A. and Dupaul , W. D. 2007 . Using demographic models to determine intrinsic rate of increase and sustainable fishing for elasmobranchs: Pitfalls, advances, and applications . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 27 : 605 – 618 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodyear , C. P. 2003 . Biological reference points without models . Coll. Vol. Sci. Papers ICCAT , 55 : 633 – 648 .
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , J. D. M. 2003 . “ Environmental and biological aspects of deepwater demersal fishes ” . In Deep Sea 2003: Conference on the Governance and Management of Deepwater Fisheries , Edited by: Shotton , R. Queenstown , New Zealand : FAO .
   Google Scholar
• Gulland , J. A. 1969 . Manual of methods for fish stock assessment. 1. Fish population analysis. , Rome : FAO .
   Google Scholar
• Gulland , J. A. and Rosenberg , A. A. 1992 . A review of length-based approaches to assessing fish stocks , Rome : FAO . FAO Fisheries Technical Paper
   Google Scholar
• Gunderson , D. R. 1977 . Population biology of Pacific Ocean perch, Sebastes Alutus, stocks in the Washington-Queen Charlotte Sound region, and their response to fishing . Fish. Bull. , 75 : 369 – 403 .
   Google Scholar
• Harley , S. J. and Myers , R. A. 2001 . Hierachical Bayesian models of length-specific catchability of research trawl surveys . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 58 : 1569 – 1584 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harley , S. J. , Myers , R. A. and Dunn , A. 2001 . Is catch-per-unit-effort proportional to abundance? . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 58 : 1760 – 1772 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewitt , D. A. and Heonig , J. M. 2005 . Comparison of two approaches for estimating natural mortality based on longevity . Fish. Bull. , 103 : 433 – 437 .
   Google Scholar
• Hilborn , R. 2001 . Calculation of biomass trend, exploitation rate, and surplus production from survey and catch data . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 58 : 579 – 584 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilborn , R. and Liermann , M. 1998 . Standing on the shoulders of giants: Learning from experience in fisheries . Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. , 8 : 273 – 283 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilborn , R. and Walters , C. J. 1992 . Quantitative Fisheries Stock Assessment: Choice, Dynamics and Uncertainty , London : Chapman & Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Hillary , R. 2007 . Exploratory assessment models for Indian Ocean Yellowfin tuna using a Bayesian Pella-Tomlinson framework , Victoria , Seychelles : IOTC .
   Google Scholar
• Hillary , R. M. , Kirkwood , G. P. and Agnew , D. J. 2006 . An assessment of toothfish in subarea 48.3 using CASAL . CCAMLR Sci. , 13 : 65 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillary , R. M. 2009 . Assessment and tag program adaptation methods for exploratory fisheries in the CCAMLR convention area: An example application for division 58.4.3a . CCAMLR Sci. , 16 : 101 – 113 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillary , R. , Levontin , P. , Mantyniemi , S. , Kuikka , S. and Kell , L. T. 2012 . Multi-level stock-recruit analysis: beyond steepness and into model uncertainty . Ecological Modelling , in press
   Google Scholar
• Hoenig , J. M. 1983 . Empirical use of longevity data to estimate mortality rates . Fish. Bull. , 82 : 898 – 903 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoenig , J. M. and Gruber , S. H. 1990 . Life-history patterns in the elasmobranchs: implications for fisheries management , NOAA . Technical report NMFS
   Google Scholar
• Horn , P. L. 2002 . Age and growth of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) and Antarctic toothfish (D. mawsoni) in waters from the New Zealand subantarctic to the Ross Sea, Antarctica . Fish. Res. , 56 : 275 – 287 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICES . 2001 . Report of the working group on the biology and assessment of deepwater fisheries , Advisory Committee on Fisheries Management, ICES .
   Google Scholar
• ICES . 2008 . Report of the Working Group on the biology and assessment of deepwater fisheries resources (WGDEEP) , ICES .
   Google Scholar
• ICES . 2009 . Report of the Working Group on the biology and assessment of deepwater fisheries resources (WGDEEP)
   Google Scholar
• Japp , D. and Wilkinson , S. 2006 . Deep-Sea resources and fisheries , Bangkok , , Thailand : Report and documentation of the Expert Consultation on Deepwater Fisheries in the High Seas .
   Google Scholar
• Jennings , S. , Reynolds , J. D. and Mills , S. C. 1998 . Life-history correlates of responses to fisheries exploitation . Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. B Biol. Sci. , 265 : 333 – 339 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen , A. L. 1996 . Beverton and Holt life-history invariants result from optimal trade-off of reproduction and survival . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 53 : 820 – 822 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kell , L. T. , Mosqueira , I. , Grosjean , P. , Fromentin , J.-M. , Garcia , D. , Hillary , R. , Jardim , E. , Mardle , S. , Pastoors , M. A. , Poos , J. J. , Scott , F. and Scott , R. D. 2007 . FLR: An open-source framework for the evaluation and development of management strategies . ICES J. Mar. Sci. , 64 : 640 – 646 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura , D. K. , Balsiger , J. W. and Ito , D. H. 1984 . Generalized stock reduction analysis . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 41 : 1325 – 1333 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura , D. K. and Tagart , J. V. 1982 . Stock reduction analysis, another solution to the catch equations . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 39 : 1467 – 1472 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King , J. R. and MacFarlane , G. A. 2003 . Marine fish life-history strategies: Applications to fishery management . Fish. Manag. Ecol. , 10 : 249 – 264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkwood , G. P. 1997 . “ The revised management procedure of the international whaling commission ” . In Global Trends: Fisheries Management , Edited by: Pikitch , E. K. , Huppert , D. D. and Sissenwine , M. P. Bethesda , MD : American Fisheries Society Symposium .
   Google Scholar
• Kompas , T. , Che , T. N. and Grafton , R. Q. 2004 . Technical efficiency effects of input controls: Evidence from Australia's banana prawn fishery . Appl. Econ. , 36 : 1631 – 1641 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koslow , J. A. , Boehlert , G. W. , Gordon , J. D. M. , Haedrich , R. L. , Lorance , P. and Parin , N. 2000 . Continental slope and deepwater fisheries: Implications for a fragile ecosystem . ICES J. Mar. Sci. , 57 : 548 – 557 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laptikhovsky , V. and Brickle , P. 2005 . The Patagonian toothfish fishery in Falkland Islands’ waters . Fish. Res. , 74 : 11 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Large , P. A. , Agnew , D. J. , Cleote , R. , Damalas , D. , Dransfield , L. , Edwards , C. T. T. , Feist , S. , Figueiredo , I. , Barrio-Frojan , C. , González , F. , Gil-Herrera , J. , Kenny , A. , Jakobsdóttir , K. , Longshore , M. , Lorance , P. , Marchal , P. , Mytilineou , C. , Perez , A. , Planque , B. and Politou , C.-Y. Strengths and weaknesses of the management and monitoring of deepwater stocks, fisheries and ecosystems in various areas of the world—a roadmap towards sustainable deepwater fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic? . Rev. Fish. Sci. , in press
   Google Scholar
• Large , P. A. and Bergstad , O. A. 2003 . “ Deepwater fish resources in the Northeast Atlantic: Fisheries, state of knowledge on biology and ecology and recent developments in stock assessment and management ” . In Deep Sea 2003: Conference on the Governance and Management of Deepwater Fisheries , Edited by: Shotton , R. Queenstown , New Zealand : FAO .
   Google Scholar
• Large , P. A. , Hammer , C. , Bergstad , O. A. , Gordon , J. D. M. and Lorance , P. 2003 . Deepwater fisheries of the Northeast Atlantic: II Assessment and management approaches . J. NW Atlant. Fish. Sci. , 31 : 151 – 163 .
   Google Scholar
• Leaman , B. M. and Beamish , R. J. 1984 . Ecological and management implications of longevity in some Northeast Pacific groundfishes . Int. N. Pacif. Fish. Comm. Bull. , 42 : 85 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , K.-H. , Maunder , M. N. , Pinerc , K. R. and Methot , R. D. 2011 . Estimating natural mortality within a fisheries stock assessment model: An evaluation using simulation analysis based on twelve stock assessments . Fish. Res. , 109 : 89 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leslie , P. H. and Davis , D. H. S. 1939 . An attempt to determine the absolute number of rats on a given area . J. Animal Ecol. , 8 : 94 – 113 .
   Google Scholar
• Liermann , M. and Hilborn , R. 1997 . Depensation in fish stocks: A hierarchic Bayesian meta-analysis . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 54 : 1976 – 1984 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorenzen , K. 2000 . Allometry of natural mortality as a basis for assessing optimal release size in fish stocking programmes . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 57 : 2374 – 2381 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorenzen , K. , Steneck , R. S. , Warner , R. R. , Parma , A. M. , Coleman , F. C. and Leber , K. M. 2010 . The spatial dimensions of fisheries: Putting it all in place . Bull. Mar. Sci. , 86 : 169 – 177 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludwig , D. and Walters , C. J. 1985 . Are age-structured models appropriate for catch-effort data? . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 42 : 1066 – 1072 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludwig , D. and Walters , C. J. 1989 . A robust method for parameter estimation from catch and effort data . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 46 : 137 – 144 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mace , P. M. 1994 . Relationships between common biological reference points used as thresholds and targets of fisheries management strategies . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 51 : 110 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mace , P. M. and Sissenwine , M. P. 1993 . “ How much spawning per recruit is enough? ” . In Canadian Special Publication in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , Edited by: Smith , S. J. , Hunt , J. J. and Rivard , D. Ontario, Canada: National Research Council of Canada .
   Google Scholar
• Magnusson , J. V. 1988 . On silver smelt (Argentina silus Asc.) in Icelandic waters , ICES .
   Google Scholar
• Mangel , M. , Brodziak , J. and Dinardo , G. 2010 . Reproductive ecology and scientific inference of steepness: A fundamental metric of population dynamics and strategic fisheries management . Fish Fish. , 11 : 89 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maunder , M. N. 1996 . “ Using age-structured simulations to generate a prior for the shape parameter of a Bayesian Pella-Tomlinson model ” . In School of Fisheries Seventh Annual Graduate Student Symposium. , Seattle , WA : University of Washington .
   Google Scholar
• Maunder , M. N. and Deriso , R. B. 2007 . Using indicators of stock status when traditional reference points are not available: Evaluation and application to skipjack tuna in the Eastern Pacific Ocean , Stock Assessment Report No. 8. IATTC .
   Google Scholar
• Maunder , M. N. and Punt , A. E. 2004 . Standardizing catch and effort data: A review of recent approaches . Fish. Res. , 70 : 141 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAllister , M. and Kirchner , C. 2001 . Development of Bayesian stock assessment methods for Namibian orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus . S. Afric. J. Mar. Sci. , 23 : 241 – 264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAllister , M. K. , Babcock , E. A. , Pikitch , E. K. and Prager , M. H. 2000 . Application of a non-equilibrium generalized production model to South and North Atlantic swordfish: Combining Bayesian and demographic methods for parameter estimation . Coll. Vol. Scientif. Papers ICCAT , 51 : 1523 – 1551 .
   Google Scholar
• McAllister , M. K. , Pikitch , E. K. and Babcock , E. A. 2001 . Using demographic methods to construct Bayesian priors for the intrinsic rate of increase in the Schaefer model and implications for stock rebuilding . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 58 : 1871 – 1890 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCM . 1998 . Marine Living Resources Act , Department of Environment and Tourism, R. O. S. A. . Number 18/1998
   Google Scholar
• Michielsens , C. G. J. , McAllister , M. K. , Kuikka , S. , Pakarinen , T. , Karlsson , L. , Romakkaniemi , A. , Pera , I. and Mantyniemi , S. 2006 . Bayesian state-space mark-recapture model to estimate fishing mortality rates within mixed stock fisheries . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 63 : 321 – 334 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millar , R. B. and Methot , R. D. 2002 . Age-structured meta-analysis of U.S. west coast rockfish (Scorpaenidae) populations and hierarchical modeling of trawl survey catchabilities . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 39 : 383 – 392 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minto , C. and Nolan , C. P. 2006 . Fecundity and maturity of orange roughy(Hoplostethus atlanticus Collett 1889) on the Porcupine Bank, Northeast Atlantic . Environmental Biology of Fishes ,
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers , R. A. 2001 . Stock and recruitment: Generalizations about maximum reproductive rate, density dependence, and variability using meta-analytic approaches . ICES J. Mar. Sci. , 58 : 937 – 951 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers , R. A. , Barrowman , N. J. , Hilborn , R. and Kehler , D. G. 2002 . Inferring Bayesian priors with limited direct data: Applications to risk analysis . N. Amer. J. Fish. Manag. , 22 : 351 – 364 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers , R. A. , Bowen , K. G. and Barrowman , N. J. 1999 . Maximum reproductive rate of fish at low population sizes . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 56 : 2404 – 2419 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers , R. A. , Mackenzie , B. R. , Bowen , K. G. and Barrowman , N. J. 2001 . What is the carrying capacity for fish in the ocean? A meta-analysis of population dynamics of North Atlantic cod . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 58 : 1464 – 1476 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers , R. A. , Mertz , G. and Fowlow , P. S. 1997 . Maximum population growth rates and recovery times for Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua . Fish. Bull. , 95 : 762 – 772 .
   Google Scholar
• Needle , C. L. and Hillary , R. 2007 . “ Estimating uncertainty in nonlinear models: Applications to survey-based methods ” . In ICES Annual Science Conference 17 – 21 . Helsinki , , Finland September
   Google Scholar
• NMFS . 1996 . Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act , Department Of Commerce, U. S. O. A .
   Google Scholar
• Patterson , K. R. and Melvin , G. D. 1996 . Integrated Catch-at-age Analysis, , 1.2 Edition , Scottish Office Agriculture, Environment and Fisheries Department. Edinburgh: HMSO Scotland .
   Google Scholar
• Pauly , D. 1980 . On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks . J. Conseil Int. l’Exploration Mer , 39 : 175 – 192 .
   Google Scholar
• Pauly , D. and Morgan , G. R. 1987 . Length-based methods in fisheries rearch . ICLARM Conf. Proc. , 13 : 468
   Google Scholar
• Pella , J. J. and Tomlinson , P. K. 1969 . A generalized stock production model . IATTC Bull. , 13 : 421 – 458 .
   Google Scholar
• Perez , J. A. A. , Pezzuto , P. R. and Andrade , H. A. D. 2005 . Biomass assessment of the monkfish Lophius gastrophysus stock exploited by a new deepwater fishery in southern Brazil . Fish. Res. , 72 : 149 – 162 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PFMC . 2008 . Pacific Fisheries Management Council. Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan for California, Oregon and Washington groundfish fishery as amended through amendment 19 including amendment 15 , Portland , OR : Pacific Fishery Management Council .
   Google Scholar
• Polacheck , T. , Hilborn , R. and Punt , A. E. 1993 . Fitting surplus production models: Comparing methods and measuring uncertainty . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 50 : 2597 – 2607 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope , J. G. 1972 . An investigation of the accuracy of virtual population analysis using cohort analysis . ICNAF Res. Bull. , 9 : 65 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Porch , C. E. , Eklund , A.-M. and Scott , G. P. 2006 . A catch-free stock assessment model with application to goliath grouper (Epinephelus itajara) off southern Florida . Fish. Bull. , 104 : 89 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Punt , A. E. 2003 . “ The challenges of, and future prospects for, assessing deepwater marine resources: experiences from Australia, New Zealand, Southern Africa and the United States ” . In Deep Sea 2003: Conference on the Governance and Management of Deepwater Fisheries , Edited by: Shotton , R. Queenstown , , New Zealand : FAO .
   Google Scholar
• Punt , A. E. , Dorn , M. W. and Haltuch , M. A. 2008 . Evaluation of threshold management strategies for groundfish off the U.S. west coast . Fish. Res. , 94 : 251 – 266 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Punt , A. E. , Smith , A. D. M. and Cui , G. 2002 . Evaluation of management tools for Australia's south east fishery. 2. How well can management quantities be estimated? . Mar. Freshw. Res. , 53 : 631 – 644 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rademeyer , R. A. , Butterworth , D. S. and Plaganyi , E. E. 2008a . Assessment of the South African hake resource taking its two-species nature into account . Afric. J. Mar. Sci. , 30 : 263 – 290 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rademeyer , R. A. , Butterworth , D. S. and Plagányi , E. É. 2008b . A history of recent bases for management and the development of a species-combined operational management procedure for the South African hake resource . Afric. J. Mar. Sci. , 30 : 291 – 310 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rademeyer , R. , É. , E. Plagányi and Butterworth , D. S. 2007 . Tips and tricks in designing management procedures . ICES J. Mar. Sci. , 64 : 618 – 625 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randomski , P. , Bence , J. R. and Quinn , T. J. II. 2005 . Comparison of virtual population analysis and statistical kill-at-age analysis for a recreational, kill-dominated fishery . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 62 : 436 – 452 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Restrepo , V. R. and Powers , J. E. 1999 . Precautionary control rules in US fisheries management: Specification and performance . ICES J. Mar. Sci. , 56 : 846 – 852 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricker , W. E. 1963 . Big effects from small causes: Two examples from fish population dynamics . J. Fish. Res. Board Canada , 20 : 257 – 264 .
   Google Scholar
• Ricker , W. E. 1975 . Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations . Bull. Fish. Res. Board Canada , 191 : 382
   Google Scholar
• Rikhter , V. A. and Efanov , V. N. 1976 . On one of the approaches to estimation of natural mortality of fish populations . Research Document. International Commission for North Atlantic Fisheries ,
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , C. M. 2002 . Deep impact: The rising toll of fishing in the deepwater . Trends Ecol. Evolut. , 17 : 242 – 245 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rochet , M. and Trenkel , V. M. 2003 . Which community indicators can measure the impact of fishing? A review and proposals . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 60 : 86 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose , G. and Kulka , D. 1999 . Hyperaggregation of fish and fisheries: How catch-per-unit-effort increased as the northern cod (Gadus morhua) declined . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 56 : 118 – 127 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose , K. A. , Cowan , J. H. , Winemiller , K. O. , Myers , R. A. and Hilborn , R. 2001 . Compensatory density-dependence in fish populations: Importance, controversy, understanding and prognosis . Fish Fish. , 2 : 293 – 327 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sainsbury , K. 2008 . Best practice reference points for Australian fisheries , Australian Fisheries Management Authority .
   Google Scholar
• Schaefer , M. B. 1954 . Some aspects of the dynamics of populations important to the management of commercial marine fisheries . IATTC Bull. , 1 : 27 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Schaefer , M. B. 1957 . A study of the dynamics of the fishery for yellowfin tuna in the Eastern tropical Pacfic ocean . IATTC Bull. , 2 : 247 – 268 .
   Google Scholar
• Seber , G. 1982 . The Estimation of Animal Abundance , London : Griffin . A. F. Catch-effort methods: Closed population. In:
   Google Scholar
• Shepherd , J. G. 1997 . Prediction of year-class strength by calibration regression analysis of multiple recruit index series . ICES J. Mar. Sci. , 54 : 741 – 752 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepherd , J. G. 1999 . Extended survivors analysis: An improved method for the analysis of catch-at-age data and abundance indices . ICES J. Mar. Sci. , 56 : 584 – 591 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , A. D. M. , Punt , A. E. , Wayte , S. E. , Starr , P. J. , Francis , R. I. C. C. , Stokes , T. K. , Hilborn , R. and Langley , A. 2002 . Stock assessment of the Northeast Chatham Rise orange roughy fishery for 2001 , New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , A. D. M. , Sainsbury , K. J. and Stevens , R. A. 1999 . Implementing effective fisheries-management systems—management strategy evaluation and the Australian partnership approach . ICES J. Mar. Sci. , 56 : 967 – 979 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trenkel , V. M. 2008 . A two-stage biomass random effects model for stock assessment without catches: What can be estimated using only biomass survey indices? . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 65 : 1024 – 1035 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulrich , C. , Pascoe , S. , Sparre , P. J. , De Wilde , J.-W. and Marchal , P. 2002 . Influence of trends in fishing power on bioeconomics in the North Sea flatfish fishery regulated by catches or by effort quotas . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 59 : 829 – 843 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasconcellos , M. 2003 . An analysis of harvest strategies and information needs in the purse seine fishery for the Brazilian sardine . Fish. Res. , 59 : 363 – 378 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venables , W. N. and Dichmont , C. M. 2004 . GLMs, GAMs and GLMMs: An overview of theory for applications in fisheries research . Fish. Res. , 70 : 319 – 337 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters , C. J. and Pearce , P. H. 1996 . Stock information requirements for quota management systems in commerical fisheries . Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. , 6 : 21 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wayte , S. and Bax , N. 2002 . Stock assessment report: Orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) , CSIRO .
   Google Scholar
• Wayte , S. , Dowdney , J. , Williams , A. , Bulman , C. , Sporcic , M. and Smith , A. 2007 . Ecological risk assessment for the effects of fishing: Report for the Western Deepwater Trawl Fishery , Canberra : Report to the Australian Fisheries Management Authority .
   Google Scholar
• Winemiller , K. O. 2005 . Life-history strategies, population regulation, and implications for fisheries management . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 62 : 872 – 885 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winemiller , K. O. and Rose , K. A. 1992 . Patterns of life-history diversification in North American fishes: Implications for population regulation . Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 49 : 2196 – 2218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar