Advertising Research in the Pre-Depression Years: A Cultural History

References

• Thompson , J. Walter . 27706 Durham , NC : (JWT) Archives are in Perkins Library, Manuscript Department, Duke University .
   Google Scholar
• Achilles , Paul S. 1937 . “The Role of the Psychological Corporation in Applied Psychology,” . American Journal of Psychology , 50 ( November ) : 229 – 247 .
   Google Scholar
• 1935 . “An Intimate Picture of the World's Largest Advertising Agency” , Chicago : J. Walter Thompson . JWT Archives
   Google Scholar
• Adams , Henry F. 1916 . Advertising and Its Mental Laws , New York : Macmillan Co. .
   Google Scholar
• Baritz , Loren . 1960 . The Servants of Power: A History of the Use of Social Science in American Industry , Middletown , CN : Wesleyan University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bartels , Robert . 1976 . The History of Marketing Thought, , 2nd ed. , Columbus , OH : Grid Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Bensman , Joseph . 1967 . Dollars and Sense: Ideology, Ethics and the Meaning of Work in Profit and Non-Profit Organizations , New York : Macmillan Co. .
   Google Scholar
• Berger , Peter L. and Luckmann , Thomas . 1967 . The Social Construction of Reality , Garden City , NY : Anchor Books .
   Google Scholar
• Bledstein , Burton . 1976 . The Culture of Professionalism: The Middle Class and the Development of Higher Education in America , New York : W.W. Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Boorstin , Daniel J. 1961 . The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America , New York : Harper and Row .
   Google Scholar
• Boorstin , Daniel J. 1974 . The Americans: The Democratic Experience , New York : Vintage Books .
   Google Scholar
• Boulding , Kenneth E. 1956 . The Image , Ann Arbor , MI : University of Michigan Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brink , Edward L. and Kelley , William T. 1963 . The Management of Promotion , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice-Hall, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Burnham , John C. 1980 . “John Broadus Watson,” . In Dictionary of American Biography, Supplement 6: 1956–1960 , 670 – 673 . New York : Charles Scribner's Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Burt , Allen F. 1940 . American Advertising Agencies , New York : Harper and Brothers .
   Google Scholar
• Calkins , Ernest E. and Holden , Ralph . 1905 . Modern Advertising , New York : Appleton-Century Co., Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Camfield , Thomas M. 1973 . “The Professionalization of American Psychology, 1870–1930,” . Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences , 9 ( January ) : 66 – 75 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carey , James W. 1974 . “The Problem of Journalism History,” . Journalism History , 1 ( Spring ) : 3 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Curti , Merle . 1967 . “The Changing Concept of ‘Human Nature’ in the Literature of American Advertising,” . Business History Review , 41 ( Winter ) : 335 – 345 .
   Google Scholar
• Daniels , George H. 1971 . Science in American Society, A Social History , New York : Alfred A. Knopf .
   Google Scholar
• 1924 . “Data and Plan Form: An Outline for the Analysis and Study of a Sales Problem and for the Preparation of a Complete Advertising Plan” document. JWT Archives
   Google Scholar
• 1921 . “Do Laws Really Govern Human Action?” . The Fourth Estate , 22 ( April 16 )
   Google Scholar
• 1902 . “Editorial Comment” . Mahin's Magazine , 1 ( April ) : 7 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Fehlman , Frank E. 1934 . “The High Turnover of Agency Accounts,” . Advertising and Selling , 22 ( April 12 ) : 19 34 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Feldman , Martha S. and March , James G. 1981 . “Information in Organizations as Signal and Symbol,” . Administrative Science Quarterly , 26 ( June ) : 171 – 186 .
   Google Scholar
• Fernberger , Samuel W. 1932 . “The American Psychological Association: A Historical Summary, 1892–1930,” . Psychological Bulletin , 29 ( January ) : 1 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Finison , Lorenz J. 1976 . “Unemployment, Politics, and the History of Organized Psychology,” . American Psychologist , 31 ( November ) : 747 – 755 .
   Google Scholar
• Finison , Lorenz J. 1979 . “An Aspect of the Early History of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues: Psychologists and Labor,” . Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences , 15 ( January ) : 29 – 37 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fox , Stephen . 1984 . The Mirror Makers , New York : William Morrow .
   Google Scholar
• Geertz , Clifford . 1973 . The Interpretation of Cultures , New York : Basic Books, Inc., Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• 1923 . “Girders That Fit” . Printers' Ink , J. Walter Thompson corporate advertisement, (March 15)
   Google Scholar
• Greenwood , Ernest . 1957 . “Attributes of a Profession,” . Social Work , 2 ( July ) : 45 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Gundlach , Ernest T. 1931 . Facts and Fetishes in Advertising , Chicago : Consolidated Book Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton , Walton H. 1932 . “Institution,” . In The Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 8 , Edited by: Seligman , Edwin R. New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Hatch , Nathan O. 1988 . The Professions in American History , Notre Dame , IN : University of Indiana Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hofstadter , Richard . 1955 . The Age of Reform: From Bryan to F.D.R , New York : Alfred A. Knopf .
   Google Scholar
• Hollingworth , Harry L. 1913 . Advertising and Selling , New York : D. Appleton and Co. .
   Google Scholar
• Hollingworth , Harry L. 1938 . “Memories of the Early Development of the Psychology of Advertising Suggested by Burtt's Psychology of Advertising,” . Psychological Bulletin , 35 ( May ) : 307 – 312 .
   Google Scholar
• Hopkins , Claude . 1923 . Scientific Advertising , New York : Lord and Thomas .
   Google Scholar
• Hower , Ralph M. 1939 . The History of An Advertising Agency: N.W. Ayer and Son at Work, 1869–1939 , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hower , Ralph M. 1949 . The History of An Advertising Agency: N.W. Ayer and Son at Work, 1869–1949 , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hughes , Everett C. 1958 . Men and Their Work , Glencoe , IL : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• 1922 . “Inventory of Early J. Walter Thompson Company Plans: Together with Data Regarding Former Clients Filed in the Statistical Department” document dated April 13. JWT Archives
   Google Scholar
• Jones , Brian D.G. and Monieson , David D. 1990 . “Early Development of the Philosophy of Marketing Thought,” . Journal of Marketing , 54 ( January ) : 102 – 113 .
   Google Scholar
• 1987 . “J. Walter Thompson Company Chronology” unpublished document compiled by Ferris Buck. JWT Archives
   Google Scholar
• JWT Archives . 1916 . JWT News Bulletin October 17
   Google Scholar
• Kenner , H. J. 1936 . The Fight For Truth in Advertising , New York : Round Table Press .
   Google Scholar
• Klein , Maury . 1990 . “Finding Rear Doors To Center Stage: The Role of Business and Corporate History,” . The Business History Bulletin , 4 ( Winter ) : 1 – 3 . 6 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Kreshel , Peggy J. 1990a . “The ‘Culture’ of J. Walter Thompson, 1915–1925,” . Public Relations Review [special issue on “Publicity and American Culture”] , 16 ( Fall ) : 80 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Kreshel , Peggy J. 1990b . “John B. Watson at J. Walter Thompson: The Legitimation of ‘Science’ in Advertising,” . Journal of Advertising , 19 ( June ) : 49 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Kuna , David P. 1976 . “The Psychology of Advertising,” , Ph.D. dissertation University of New Hampshire .
   Google Scholar
• Larson , Magali . 1978 . The Rise of Professionalism: A Sociological Analysis , Edited by: Sarfatti . Berkeley , CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lears , Jackson T.J. 1984 . “Some Versions of Fantasy: Toward a Cultural History of American Advertising, 1880–1930,” . Prospects , 9 : 349 – 405 .
   Google Scholar
• Leiss , William , Kline , Stephen and Jhally , Sut . 1990 . Social Communication in Advertising, , 2nd. ed. , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Lockley , Lawrence C. 1950 . “Notes on the History of Marketing Research,” . Journal of Marketing , 14 ( April ) : 733 – 736 .
   Google Scholar
• Lynch , Edmund C. 1968 . “Walter Dill Scott: Pioneer Industrial Psychologist,” . Business History Review , 42 ( Summer ) : 149 – 170 .
   Google Scholar
• McMahon , Michal A. 1972 . “An American Courtship: Psychologists and Advertising Theory in the Progressive Era,” . American Studies , 13 ( Fall ) : 5 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Marchand , Roland . 1985 . Advertising the American Dream: Making Way for Modernity, 1920–1940 , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Marchand , Roland . “Advertising Expertise and the Decline of the ‘Trickle Down’ Theory,” (n.d.), typed manuscript obtained from editor [University of California-Davis]
   Google Scholar
• Meek , Sam . 1928 . “New Client Presentation,” exhibit. JWT Archives
   Google Scholar
• Mims , Stewart L. 1922 . “The Importance of Investigation to an Agency and Its Clients,” . J. Walter Thompson News Bulletin , 87 ( June ) : 11 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Mowry , George . 1958 . The Era of Theodore Roosevelt and the Birth of Modern America: 1900–1912 , New York : Harper .
   Google Scholar
• Munsterberg , Hugo . 1909 . “Psychology and the Market,” . McClure's Magazine , 34 ( November ) : 87 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Munsterberg , Hugo . 1913 . Psychology and Industrial Efficiency , Boston : Houghton Mifflin Co. .
   Google Scholar
• Napoli , Donald S. 1981 . Architects of Adjustment, The History of the Psychological Profession in the United States , Port Washington , NY : Kennikat Press .
   Google Scholar
• Noble , David . 1977 . America By Design: Science, Technology and the Rise of Corporate Capitalism , New York : Knopf .
   Google Scholar
• Norris , James D. 1990 . Advertising and The Transformation of American Society, 1865–1920 , Westport , CT : Greenwood Press .
   Google Scholar
• Novick , Peter . 1988 . That Noble Dream: The “Objectivity Question” and the American Historical Profession , Cambridge , , England : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Parsons , Talcott . 1939 . “The Professions and Social Structure,” . Social Forces , 17 ( May ) : 457 – 467 .
   Google Scholar
• Pease , Otis . 1958 . The Responsibilities of American Advertising: Private Control and Public Influence, 1920–1940 , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• “Plan and Data Record” . 1919 . The Report on the Work of the Committee on Standardization document. JWT Archives
   Google Scholar
• Pollay , Richard W. 1978 . “Wanted: A History of Advertising,” . Journal of Advertising Research , 18 ( October ) : 63 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Pope , Daniel . 1983 . The Making of Modern Advertising , New York : Basic Books, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Presbrey , Frank . 1929 . The History and Development of Advertising , Garden City , NY : Doubleday, Doran and Company, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Printers' Ink . 1938 . Printers' Ink: Fifty Years 1888–1938 Special edition of Printers' Ink , 184 ( 28 July )
   Google Scholar
• 1964 . “Programmed Advertising: A Modern Approach to Advertising Decisions and Advertising Development” exhibit. JWT Archives
   Google Scholar
• Quandt , Jean B. 1970 . From the Small Town to the Great Community: the Social Thought of Progressive Intellectuals , New Brunswick , NJ : Rutgers University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rae , John . 1979 . “The Application of Science to Industry,” . In The Organization of Knowledge in Modern America , Edited by: Oleson , Alexandra and Voss , John . Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Reilly , William J. 1927 . “The Place of the Research Department of the Advertising Agency in Market Research,” , Ph.D. dissertation University of Chicago .
   Google Scholar
• Reilly , William J. 1929a . Marketing Investigations , New York : Ronald Press Company .
   Google Scholar
• Reilly , William J. 1929b . “What Place Has the Advertising Agency in Market Research?” . In Business Research Bureau Research Monograph , Vol. 3 , Austin , TX : Texas University Business Administration School .
   Google Scholar
• Reilly , William J. 1929c . “Why This Craze For Facts?” . Advertising and Selling , 14 ( October 30 ) : 82
   Google Scholar
• Resor , Stanley B. 1919 . “How One Big Advertising Agency Trains Its Staff to High Efficiency,” . Associated Advertising , : 8 – 9 . 64 – 65 . (August)
   Google Scholar
• Resor , Stanley B. 1921 . “Individual Effort Has Had Its Day,” . The Fourth Estate , 22 ( November 5 ) : 31
   Google Scholar
• Resor , Stanley B. “What Do These Changes Mean? Do We Fully Appreciate the Nature of the Job?” . Address before the meeting of the Western Council of the American Association of Advertising Agencies in Chicago, reprint. JWT Archives
   Google Scholar
• Resor , Stanley B. 1924b . “What the American Association of Advertising Agencies Does to Make Advertising Scientifically More Effective,” . Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , 115 ( September ) : 124 – 129 .
   Google Scholar
• Resor , Stanley B. 1925 . “How Do Current Changes in the Field of Distribution Affect the Practice of Advertising?” . J. Walter Thompson News Bulletin , 118 ( December ) : 18 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Resor , Stanley B. 1949 . Untitled speech accepting Gold Medal Award, Annual Advertising Award for the Most Distinguished Service to Advertising at Waldorf-Astorial Hotel, New York City (March 4), typescript. JWT Archives
   Google Scholar
• Rheinstrom , Carroll . 1929 . Psyching the Ads , New York : Covici, Friede .
   Google Scholar
• Roback , A. A. 1917 . “The Moral Issues Involved in Applied Psychology,” . Journal of Applied Psychology , 1 ( September ) : 232 – 243 .
   Google Scholar
• Schultze , Quentin J. 1978 . “Advertising, Science, and Professionalism 1885–1917,” , Ph.D. dissertation Urbana-Champaign : University of Illinois .
   Google Scholar
• Schultze , Quentin J. 1979 . “The Trade Press of Advertising: Its Content and Contribution to the Profession,” . In Information Sources in Advertising History , Edited by: Pollay , Richard W. Westport , CN : Greenwood Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schultze , Quentin J. 1982 . “‘An Honorable Place:’ The Quest for Professional Advertising Education, 1900–1917,” . Business History Review , 56 ( Spring ) : 16 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , Walter Dill . 1902 . “Suggestion,” . Mahin's Magazine , 1 ( May ) : 1 16
   Google Scholar
• Scott , Walter . 1903 . The Theory of Advertising , Edited by: Dill . Boston : Small, Maynard and Company . reprint, New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1985
   Google Scholar
• Scott , Walter . 1908 . The Psychology of Advertising , Edited by: Dill . Boston : Small, Maynard and Company .
   Google Scholar
• Shryer , William A. 1912 . Analytic Advertising , Detroit : Business Service Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Skoal , Michael M. 1981 . “The Origins of the Psychological Corporation,” . Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences , 17 ( January ) : 54 – 67 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• “Some Basic Roots of the J. Walter Thompson Co.” . 1987 . JWT Archives . unpublished manuscript compiled by Cynthia Swank, archivist
   Google Scholar
• “Standard Practice in Conducting Market Investigations” . 1919 . The Report on the Work of the Committee on Standardization, document , JWT Archives .
   Google Scholar
• Starch , Daniel . 1914 . Advertising: Its Principles, Practice, and Technique , New York : Scott, Foresman and Company .
   Google Scholar
• Starch , Daniel . 1923 . Principles of Advertising , New York : A.W. Shaw Co. .
   Google Scholar
• 1919 . “T-Square Fact Finder” typescript. JWT Archives
   Google Scholar
• Tichener , Edward B. “On Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It,” . Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society . Vol. 53 , pp. 1 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Tipper , Harry , Hollingworth , Harry L. , Hotchkiss , George B. and Parsons , Frank A. 1915 . Advertising: Its Principles and Practice , New York : The Ronald Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tunstall , Jeremy . 1964 . The Advertising Man in London Advertising Agencies , London : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Veysey , Laurence . 1965 . The Emergence of the American University , Chicago : The University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Watson , John B. 1913 . “Psychology As A Behaviorist Views It,” . Psychological Review , 20 ( March ) : 158 – 177 .
   Google Scholar
• West , Douglas C. 1987 . “From T-Square to T-Plan: The London Office of the J. Walter Thompson Advertising Agency,” . Business History , 29 ( April ) : 199 – 217 .
   Google Scholar
• Wiebe , Robert H. 1967 . The Search for Order: 1877–1920 , Edited by: Donald , David . New York : Hill and Wang . The Making of American Century Series
   Google Scholar
• Wise , Gene . 1980 . American Historical Explanations: A Strategy for Grounded Inquiry , Minneapolis , MN : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wood , James . 1958 . The Story of Advertising , Edited by: Playsted . New York : The Ronald Press .
   Google Scholar
• Yerkes , Robert M. 1911 . Introduction to Psychology , New York : Holt .
   Google Scholar