Who, Moi? Exploring the Fit Between Celebrity Spokescharacters and Luxury Brands

References

• Amos, Clinton, Gary Holmes, and David Strutton. 2008. “Exploring the Relationship between Celebrity Endorser Effects and Advertising Effectiveness: A Quantitative Synthesis of Effect Size.” International Journal of Advertising 27 (2):209–34. doi: 10.1080/02650487.2008.11073052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aroche, Daniela. 2015. “Six Key Insights from the Luxury Goods Worldwide Market Monitor.” https://www.luxurysociety.com/en/articles/2015/11/6-key-insights-from-the-luxury-goods-worldwide-market-monitor-2015/
   Google Scholar
• Baker, Michael J., and Gilbert A. Churchill Jr. 1977. “The Impact of Physically Attractive Models on Advertising Evaluations.” Journal of Marketing Research 14 (4):538–55. doi: 10.1177/002224377701400411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batra, Rajeev, and Pamela Miles Homer. 2004. “The Situational Impact of Brand Image Beliefs.” Journal of Consumer Psychology 14 (3):318–30. doi: 10.1207/s15327663jcp1403_12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter, Stacey, Jasmina Ilicic, and Alicia Kulczynski. 2015. “What’s in a Name? Examining the Effect of Phonetic Fit between Spokesperson Name and Product Attributes on Source Credibility.” Marketing Letters 26 (4):525–34. doi: 10.1007/s11002-014-9287-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belch, George E., and Michael A. Belch. 2013. “A Content Analysis Study of the Use of Celebrity Endorsers in Magazine Advertising.” International Journal of Advertising 32 (3):369–89. doi: 10.2501/IJA-32-3-369-389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belson, Ken, and Brian Bremner. 2004. Hello Kitty: The Remarkable Story of Sanrio and the Billion Dollar Feline Phenomenon. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Bourne, Francis S. 1957. “Group Influence in Marketing and Public Relations.” In Some Applications of Behavioral Research, edited by Rensis Likert and Samuel P. Hayes. Paris: UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, Stephen. 2010. “Where the Wild Brands Are: Some Thoughts on Anthropomorphic Marketing.” The Marketing Review 10 (3):209–24. doi: 10.1362/146934710X523078.
   Google Scholar
• Buttle, Heather, Jane E. Raymond, and Shai Danziger. 2000. “Do Famous Faces Capture Attention?” Advances in Consumer Research 27:245.
   Google Scholar
• Callcott, Margaret F., and Barbara J. Phillips. 1996. “Observations: Elves Make Good Cookies: Creating Likable Spokes-Character Advertising.” Journal of Advertising Research 36 (5):73–3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chase, William G., and Herbert A. Simon. 1973. “Perception in Chess.” Cognitive Psychology 4 (1):55–81. doi: 10.1016/0010-0285(73)90004-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung, Wing-Yee, Tim Wildschut, Constantine Sedikides, Erica G. Hepper, Jamie Arndt, and Ad JJM. Vingerhoets. 2013. “Back to the Future: Nostalgia Increases Optimism.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 39 (11):1484–96. doi: 10.1177/0146167213499187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, Sejung Marina, and Nora J. Rifon. 2012. “It Is a Match: The Impact of Congruence between Celebrity Image and Consumer Ideal Self on Endorsement Effectiveness.” Psychology & Marketing 29 (9):639–50. doi: 10.1002/mar.20550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell, Paul M. 2013. “The Role of Baseline Physical Similarity to Humans in Consumer Responses to Anthropomorphic Animal Images.” Psychology & Marketing 30 (6):461–8. doi: 10.1002/mar.20619.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, Fred. 1979. Yearning for Yesterday: A Sociology of Nostalgia. New York, NY: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Delbaere, Marjorie, Edward F. McQuarrie, and Barbara J. Phillips. 2011. “Personification in Advertising.” Journal of Advertising 40 (1):121–30. doi: 10.2753/JOA0091-3367400108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewhurst, Stephen. A., and Lisa A. Parry. 2000. “Emotionality, Distinctiveness, and Recollective Experience.” European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 12 (4):541–51. doi: 10.1080/095414400750050222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diebel, Matthew. 2015. “Frog-Chasing Moi?! Miss Piggy Gets Feminism Award.” USA Today (June 4) https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/06/04/miss-piggy–collect-major-feminism-award–ceremony–new-york-city/28468789/
   Google Scholar
• Escalas, Jennifer Edson, and James R. Bettman. 2017. “Connecting with Celebrities: How Consumers Appropriate Celebrity Meanings for a Sense of Belonging.” Journal of Advertising 46 (2):297–308. doi: 10.1080/00913367.2016.1274925.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fionda, Antoinette M., and Christopher M. Moore. 2009. “The Anatomy of the Luxury Fashion Brand.” Journal of Brand Management 16 (5–6):347–63. doi: 10.1057/bm.2008.45.
   Google Scholar
• Fioroni, Michele, and Garry Titterton. 2009. Brand Storming: Managing Brands in the Era of Complexity. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Fleck, Nathalie, Michael Korchia, and Isabelle Le Roy. 2012. “Celebrities in Advertising: Looking for Congruence or Likability?” Psychology & Marketing 29 (9):651–62. doi: 10.1002/mar.20551.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folse, Judith Anne Garretson, Richard G. Netemeyer, and Scot Burton. 2012. “Spokescharacters.” Journal of Advertising 41 (1):17–32. doi: 10.2753/JOA0091-3367410102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, Morris D. 1998. “Hello Kitty Items a Global Rage in Zen Cuteness.” Japan Times 30:15.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, Lauren. 2016. “Why Nostalgia Marketing Works so Well among Millenials.” Forbes https://www.forbes.com/sites/laurenfriedman/2016/08/02/why-nostalgia-marketing-works-so-well-with-millennials-and-how-your-brand-can-benefit/#13b193b23636
   Google Scholar
• Furendi, Frank. 2003. The Children Who Won’t Grow Up. http://www.frankfuredi.com/site/article/103/
   Google Scholar
• Garretson, Judith A., and Ronald W. Niedrich. 2004. “Spokes-Characters: Creating Character Trust and Positive Brand Attitudes.” Journal of Advertising 33 (2):25–36. doi: 10.1080/00913367.2004.10639159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles, David C. 2013. “Animal Celebrities.” Celebrity Studies 4 (2):115–28. doi: 10.1080/19392397.2013.791040.
   Google Scholar
• Grębosz, Magdalena, and Jean-Marc Pointet. 2015. “The “Retro” Trend in Marketing Communication Strategy of Global Brands.” Journal of Intercultural Management 7 (3):119–32. doi: 10.1515/joim-2015-0024.
   Google Scholar
• Güzel, Ebru, and Elif Yolbulan Okan. 2016. “Nostalgia from the Younger Generation Perspective: The Impact of Nostalgia Advertising on Postmodern Individuals.” Business and Economics Research Journal 7 (3):137–54.
   Google Scholar
• Hart, Phillip, and Marla B. Royne. 2017. “Being Human: How Anthropomorphic Presentations Can Enhance Advertising Effectiveness.” Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising 38 (2):129–45. doi: 10.1080/10641734.2017.1291381.
   Google Scholar
• Holbrook, Morris B. 1993. “Nostalgia and Consumption Preferences: Some Emerging Patterns of Consumer Tastes.” Journal of Consumer Research 20 (2):245–56. doi: 10.1086/209346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holbrook, Morris B., and Robert M. Schindler. 1991. “Echoes of the dear departed past: Some work in progress on nostalgia.” ACR North American Advances.
   Google Scholar
• Hosany, Sameer, Girish Prayag, Drew Martin, and Wai-Yee Lee. 2013. “Theory and Strategies of Anthropomorphic Brand Characters from Peter Rabbit, Mickey Mouse, and Ronald McDonald, to Hello Kitty.” Journal of Marketing Management 29 (1–2):48–68. doi: 10.1080/0267257X.2013.764346.
   Google Scholar
• Hovland, Carl, Irving I. Janis, and Harold H. Kelley. 1953. Communication and Persuasion: Psychological Studies of Opinion Change. New Haven, CN: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jain, Varsha, Subhadip Roy, Aarzoo Daswani, and Mari Sudha. 2011. “What Really Works for Teenagers: Human or Fictional Celebrity?” Young Consumers 12 (2):171–83. doi: 10.1108/17473611111141623.
   Google Scholar
• Joseph, W. Benoy. 1982. “The Credibility of Physically Attractive Communicators: A Review.” Journal of Advertising 11 (3):15–24. doi: 10.1080/00913367.1982.10672807.
   Google Scholar
• Ju, Ilyoung, Jihye Kim, Mark Jaewon Chang, and Susan Bluck. 2017. “Nostalgic Marketing, Perceived Self-Continuity, and Consumer Decisions.” Management Decision 54 (8):2063–83. doi: 10.1108/MD-11-2015-0501.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahle, Lynn R., and Pamela M. Homer. 1985. “Physical Attractiveness of the Celebrity Endorser: A Social Adaptation Perspective.” Journal of Consumer Research 11 (4):954–61. doi: 10.1086/209029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamins, Michael A. 1990. “An Investigation into the “Match-Up” Hypothesis in Celebrity Advertising: When Beauty May Be Only Skin Deep.” Journal of Advertising 19 (1):4–13. doi: 10.1080/00913367.1990.10673175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kieler, Ashlee. 2014. “The Important Legal Difference Between Being A Celebrity Endorser and Just A Famous Face In An Ad.” The Consumerist. https://consumerist.com/2014/11/03/the-important-legal-difference-between-being-a-celebrity-endorser-just-a-famous-face-in-an-ad/.
   Google Scholar
• Knittel, Christopher, and Victor Stang. 2013. “Celebrity Endorsements, Firm Value, and Reputation Risk: Evidence from the Tiger Woods Scandal.” Management Science 60 (1):21–37. doi: 10.1287/mnsc.2013.1749.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koernig, Stephen K., and Albert L. Page. 2002. “What If Your Dentist Looked like Tom Cruise? Applying the Match‐up Hypothesis to a Service Encounter.” Psychology and Marketing 19 (1):91–110. doi: 10.1002/mar.1003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loveland, Katherine E., Dirk Smeesters, and Naomi Mandel. 2010. “Still Preoccupied with 1995: The Need to Belong and Preference for Nostalgic Products.” Journal of Consumer Research 37 (3):393–408.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutz, Richard J. 1985. “Affective and Cognitive Antecedents of Attitude toward the Ad: A Conceptual Framework.” In L.F. Alwitt and A.A. Mitchell (eds.), Psychological Processes and Advertising Effects: Theory, Research and Application (pp. 45–63). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, James, and Drue Schuler. 1994. “The Matchup Effect of Spokesperson and Product Congruency: A Schema Theory Interpretation.” Psychology and Marketing 11 (5):417–45. doi: 10.1002/mar.4220110502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, Felicia M., and Chris T. Allen. 2012. “How Does Celebrity Meaning Transfer? Investigating the Process of Meaning Transfer with Celebrity Affiliates and Mature Brands.” Journal of Consumer Psychology 22 (3):443–52. doi: 10.1016/j.jcps.2011.11.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, Karen W., and Jane Summers. 2016. “Risk Reduction Strategies for Using Celebrities in Luxury Brand Communications.” In 2016 Global Marketing Conference at Hong Kong, 394–6.
   Google Scholar
• Muehling, Darrel D., and David E. Sprott. 2004. “The Power of Reflection: An Empirical Examination of Nostalgia Advertising Effects.” Journal of Advertising 33 (3):25–35. doi: 10.1080/00913367.2004.10639165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neeb, Diane M., John A. Faier, and Lynette S. Unger. 1989. “The Effect of Nostalgic Advertising: An Experiment.” In Advances in Marketing, Peter G. Gordon and Bert J. Kellerman, eds., New Orleans: Southwestern Marketing Association, 128–132.
   Google Scholar
• Neeley, Sabrina M., Wendy Macias, Tara M. Clark, and Wei-Na Lee. 2000. “Advertising Spokes-Character Attributes and the Use Relationships.” In Proceedings of the 2000 Society of Consumer Psychology Conference, 94–9. San Antonio, TX: Society of Consumer Psychology.
   Google Scholar
• Noxon, Christopher. 2003. “I Don’t Want to Grow Up.” New York Times August 31, https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/31/style/i-don-t-want-to-grow-up.html.
   Google Scholar
• Ohanian, Roobina. 1990. “Construction and Validation of a Scale to Measure Celebrity Endorsers’ Perceived Expertise, Trustworthiness, and Attractiveness.” Journal of Advertising 19 (3):39–52. doi: 10.1080/00913367.1990.10673191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okonkwo, Uche. 2006. “Luxury Brands & Celebrities: An Enduring Branding Romance.” White Paper. Accessed June 3, 2013. http://www.brandchannel.com/papers_review.asp.
   Google Scholar
• Ooms, Sander R. 2010. The Match Up Hypothesis in the Sport Drinks Market. Rotterdam: Erasmus University. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/8561/.
   Google Scholar
• Park, Sun-Young, and Mark Yi-Cheon Yim. 2018. “Do Celebrity Endorsements Benefit Familiar Luxury Brands? a Perspective from Social Adaptation Theory.” Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising 1–16. doi: 10.1080/10641734.2018.1519471.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, Barbara J., Jennifer R. Sedgewick, and Adam D. Slobodzian. 2019. “Spokes-Characters in Print Advertising: An Update and Extension.” Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising 40 (2):214–28. doi: 10.1080/10641734.2018.1503110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian, Jiayu, and Jee-Sun Park. 2018. “The Impact of Brand-endorser Image Congruence on Chinese Consumers’ Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions toward Luxury Fashion Brands.” International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/itaa_proceedings/2018/posters/2/
   Google Scholar
• Raluca, Chiosa Ana. 2012. “Celebrity Endorsement Strategy.” Annals of the “Constantin Brâncuşi” University of Târgu Jiu, Economy Series 3:75–9.
   Google Scholar
• Reisberg, D., & Heuer, F. 1995. “Emotion’s multiple effects on memory.” In J. L. McGaugh, N. M. Weinberger, & G. Lynch (Eds.), Brain and memory: Modulation and mediation of neuroplasticity (pp. 84–92). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Reisenwitz, Timothy H., Rajesh Iyer, and Bob Cutler. 2004. “Nostalgia Advertising and the Influence of Nostalgia Proneness.” Marketing Management Journal 14 (2).
   Google Scholar
• Sedikides, Constantine, Tim Wildschut, Jamie Arndt, and Clay Routledge. 2008. “Nostalgia: Past, Present, and Future.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 17 (5):304–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00595.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehan, Kim B., and Matthew Pittman. 2016. Amazon’s Mechanical Turk for Academics: The HIT Handbook for Social Science Research. Irvine, CA: Melvin and Leigh.
   Google Scholar
• Smits, Tim, and Heidi Vandenbosch. 2012. “Endorsing Children’s Appetite for Healthy Foods: Celebrity versus Non-Celebrity Spokes-Characters.” Communications 37 (4):371–91. doi: 10.1515/commun-2012-0021.
   Google Scholar
• Solomon, Michael R., Richard D. Ashmore, and Laura C. Longo. 1992. “The Beauty Match-Up Hypothesis: Congruence between Types of Beauty and Product Images in Advertising.” Journal of Advertising 21 (4):23–34. doi: 10.1080/00913367.1992.10673383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stout, Patricia A., and Young Sook Moon. 1990. “Use of Endorsers in Magazine Advertisements.” Journalism Quarterly 67 (3):536–46. doi: 10.1177/107769909006700309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Till, Brian D. 1998. “Using Celebrity Endorsers Effectively: Lessons from Associative Learning.” Journal of Product & Brand Management 7 (5):400–9. doi: 10.1108/10610429810237718.
   Google Scholar
• Till, Brian D., and Michael Busler. 2000. “The Match-Up Hypothesis: Physical Attractiveness, Expertise, and the Role of Fit on Brand Attitude, Purchase Intent and Brand Beliefs.” Journal of Advertising 29 (3):1–13. doi: 10.1080/00913367.2000.10673613.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tom, Gail, Rebecca Clark, Laura Elmer, Edward Grech, Joseph Masetti Jr, and Harmona Sandhar. 1992. “The Use of Created versus Celebrity Spokespersons in Advertisements.” Journal of Consumer Marketing 9 (4):45–51. doi: 10.1108/07363769210037088.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, Esther. 2008. “Top Cat. How ‘Hello Kitty’conquered the world.” The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/top-cat-how-hello-kitty-conquered-the-world-831522.html
   Google Scholar
• Walker, Mary, Lynn Langmeyer, and Daniel Langmeyer. 1992. “Celebrity Endorsers: Do You Get What You Pay For?” Journal of Consumer Marketing 9 (2):69–76. doi: 10.1108/07363769210037033.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Stephen W., and Angeline Close Scheinbaum. 2018. “Enhancing Brand Credibility via Celebrity Endorsement: Trustworthiness Trumps Attractiveness and Expertise.” Journal of Advertising Research 58 (1):16–32. doi: 10.2501/JAR-2017-042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weatherford, Ashley. 2017. “Why Are so Many Makeup Companies Treating Women like Children?” New York Magazine. https://www.thecut.com/2017/04/unicorn-makeup-trend-treats-women-like-children.html.
   Google Scholar
• Winters, Patricia. 1990. “Ad Revival Trend More than Nostalgia.” Advertising Age 61 (February 5):16.
   Google Scholar
• Zaharia, Razvan, and Rodica Milena Zaharia. 2015. “Psychology of Luxury Goods Consumer.” In International Conference on Marketing and Business Development, vol. 1(1), 200–8. Bucharest University of Economic Studies Publishing House.
   Google Scholar