REFERENCES
- Sibai B, Dekker G, Kupferminc M. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet 2005; 365: 785–799
- Redman CW, Sacks GP, Sargent IL. Preeclampsia: an excessive maternal inflammatory response to pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 180: 499–506
- Sunder-Plassmann G, Derfler K, Wagner L, et al. Increased serum activity of interleukin-2 in patients with pre-eclampsia. J Autoimmun 1989; 2: 203–205
- Kupferminc MJ, Peaceman AM, Aderka D, Wallach D, Socol ML. Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors and interleukin-6 levels in patients with severe preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 88: 420–427
- Daniel Y, Kupferminc MJ, Baram A, et al. Plasma interleukin-12 is elevated in patients with preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 1998; 39: 376–380
- Kupferminc MJ, Peaceman AM, Wigton TR, Rehnberg KA, Socol ML. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is elevated in plasma and amniotic fluid of patients with severe preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170: 1752–7, discussion 1757–1759.
- Austgulen R, Lien E, Vince G, Redman CW. Increased maternal plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin) in preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1997; 71: 53–58
- von Dadelszen P, Wilkins T, Redman CW. Maternal peripheral blood leukocytes in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1999; 106: 576–581
- Teran E, Escudero C, Moya W, Flores M, Vallance P, Lopez-Jaramillo P. Elevated C-reactive protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines in Andean women with pre-eclampsia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2001; 75: 243–249
- Weinstein L. Syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count: a severe consequence of hypertension in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982; 142: 159–167
- Sibai BM. The HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets): much ado about nothing?. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 311–316
- Sibai BM, Ramadan MK, Usta I, Salama M, Mercer BM, Friedman SA. Maternal morbidity and mortality in 442 pregnancies with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP syndrome). Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 169: 1000–1006
- Knapen MF, Mulder TP, Bisseling JG, Penders RH, Peters WH, Steegers EA. Plasma glutathione S-transferase alpha 1-1: a more sensitive marker for hepatocellular damage than serum alanine aminotransferase in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 178: 161–165
- Haeger M, Unander M, Andersson B, Tarkowski A, Arnestad JP, Bengtsson A. Increased release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in women with the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1996; 75: 695–701
- Visser W, Beckmann I, Bremer HA, Lim HL, Wallenburg HC. Bioactive tumour necrosis factor alpha in pre-eclamptic patients with and without the HELLP syndrome. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994; 101: 1081–1082
- Dudley DJ, Hunter C, Mitchell MD, Varner MW, Gately M. Elevations of serum interleukin-12 concentrations in women with severe pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. J Reprod Immunol 1996; 31: 97–107
- Heyl W, Handt S, Reister F, et al. Elevated soluble adhesion molecules in women with pre-eclampsia. Do cytokines like tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta cause endothelial activation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1999; 86: 35–41
- Martin JN, Jr., Rose CH, Briery CM. Understanding and managing HELLP syndrome: The integral role of aggressive glucocorticoids for mother and child. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195: 914–934
- Jorgensen KA, Stoffersen E. Hydrocortisone, platelet aggregation and platelet prostaglandin metabolism. Scand J Haematol 1980; 25: 445–447
- van Runnard Heimel P, Huisjes AJ, Franx A, Koopman C, Bots ML, Bruinse HW. A randomised placebo-controlled trial of prolonged prednisolone administration to patients with HELLP syndrome remote from term. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006; 128(1–2)187–193
- von Dadelszen P, Magee LA, Roberts JM. Subclassification of preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2003; 22: 143–148
- Mulder TP, Peters WH, Court DA, Jansen JB. Sandwich ELISA for glutathione S-transferase Alpha 1–1: plasma concentrations in controls and in patients with gastrointestinal disorders. Clin Chem 1996; 42: 416–419
- Magann EF, Bass D, Chauhan SP, Sullivan DL, Martin RW, Martin JN, Jr. Antepartum corticosteroids: disease stabilization in patients with the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP). Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 171: 1148–1153
- van Runnard Heimel PJ, Franx A, Schobben AF, Huisjes AJ, Derks JB, Bruinse HW. Corticosteroids, pregnancy, and HELLP syndrome: a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2005; 60: 57–70
- Takacs P, Green KL, Nikaeo A, Kauma SW. Increased vascular endothelial cell production of interleukin-6 in severe preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 188: 740–744
- Jarvelainen H, Pelliniemi TT, Ronnemaa T. The stabilizing effect of glucocorticoids on human endothelial cells in culture. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1985; 45: 223–228
- Kitchens CS, Pendergast JF. Human thrombocytopenia is associated with structural abnormalities of the endothelium that are ameliorated by glucocorticosteroid administration. Blood 1986; 67: 203–206
- Vigil-De Gracia P, Garcia-Caceres E. Dexamethasone in the post-partum treatment of HELLP syndrome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1997; 59: 217–221
- Volanakis JE. Human C-reactive protein: expression, structure, and function. Mol Immunol 2001; 38: 189–197
- Aarnoudse JG, Houthoff HJ, Weits J, Vellenga E, Huisjes HJ. A syndrome of liver damage and intravascular coagulation in the last trimester of normotensive pregnancy. A clinical and histopathological study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1986; 93: 145–155
- Arend WP, Malyak M, Guthridge CJ, Gabay C. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist: role in biology. Annu Rev Immunol. 1998; 16: 27–55