Acute Therapy and Prevention of Stroke in Spontaneous Carotid Dissection

References

• Schievink WI, Mokri B, Whisnant JP. Internal carotid artery dissection in a community. Stroke 1993; 24: 1678–1680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumgartner RW, Arnold M, Baumgartner I, Mosso M, Gönner F, Studer A, et al. Carotid dissection with and without ischemic events: local symptoms and cerebral artery findings. Neurology 2001; 57: 827–832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schievink WI. Spontaneous dissection of the carotid and vertebral arteries. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 899–906
   Google Scholar
• The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Study Group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1581–1587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, Toni D, Lesaffre E, von Kummer R, et al. Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke. The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS). JAMA 1995; 274(13)1017–1025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, von Kummer R, Davalos A, Meier D, et al. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of thrombolytic therapy with intravenous alteplase in acute ischemic stroke (ECASS II). Second European-Australasian Acute Stroke Study Investigators. Lancet 1998; 352: 1245–1251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark WM, Wissman M, Albers GW, Jhamandas JH, Madden KP, Hamilton S, et al. Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (alteplase) for ischemic stroke 3 to 5 hours after symptom onset. The ATLANTIS Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999; 282: 2019–2026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albers GW, Clark WM, Madden KP, Hamilton SA. ATLANTIS trial. Results for patients treated within 3 hours of stroke onset. Stroke 2002; 33: 493–496
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giroud M, Fayolle H, Andre N, et al. Incidence of internal carotid artery dissection in the community of Dijon. JNNP 1994; 57: 1443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schievink WI, Mokri B, O'Fallon WM. Recurrent spontaneous cervical artery dissection. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 393–397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derex L, Nighoghossian N, Turjman F, Hermier M, Honnorat J, Neuschwander P, et al. Intravenous tPA in acute ischemic stroke related to internal carotid artery dissection. Neurology 2000; 54: 2159–2161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold M, Nedeltchev K, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G, Loher TJ, Stepper F, et al. Thrombolysis in patients with acute stroke caused by cervical artery dissection: analysis of 9 patients and review of the literature. Arch Neurol 2002; 59: 549–553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad HA, Gerraty RP, Davis SM, Cameron PA. Cervicocerebral artery dissections. J Accid Emerg Med 1999; 16: 422–424
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Price RF, Sellar R, Leung C, O'Sullivan MJ. Traumatic vertebral arterial dissection and vertebrobasilar thrombosis successfully treated with endovascular thrombolysis and stenting. Am J Neuroradiol 1998; 19: 1677–1680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaidat OO, Fernandes Filho JA, Singh G, Suarez JI. Thrombolytic therapy for acute extra-cranial artery dissection: report of two cases. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2001; 59: 936–938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benninger DH, Georgiadis D, Kremer C, Studer A, Nedeltchev K, Baumgartner RW. Mechanism of ischemic infarct in spontaneous carotid dissection. Stroke 2004; 35: 482–485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyrer P, Engelter S. Antithrombotic drugs for carotid artery dissection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003; 3, CD000255
   Google Scholar
• Touzé E, Gauvrit JY, Moulin T, Meder JF, Bracard S, Mas JL, et al. Risk of stroke and recurrent dissection after a cervical artery dissection. A multicenter study. Neurology 2003; 61: 1347–1351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohr JP, Thompson JLP, Levin B, Sacco RL, Furie KL, Kistler JP, et al. A comparison of warfarin and aspirin for the prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1145–1151
   Google Scholar
• Kremer C, Mosso M, Georgiadis D, Stöckli E, Benninger D, Arnold M, et al. Carotid dissection with permanent and transient occlusion or severe stenosis: long-term outcome. Neurology 2003; 60: 271–275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leys D, Bandu L, Henon H, Lucas C, Mounier-Vehier F, Rondepierre P, et al. Clinical outcome in 287 consecutive young adults (15 to 45 years) with ischemic stroke. Neurology 2002; 59: 26–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beletsky V, Nadareishvili Z, Lynch J, Shuaib A, Woolfenden A, Norris JW, et al. Cervical arterial dissection. Time for a therapeutic trial?. Stroke 2003; 34: 2856–2860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller BT, Luther B, Hort W, Neumann-Haefelin T, Aulich A, Sandmann W. Surgical treatment of 50 carotid dissections: indications and results. J Vasc Surg 2000; 31: 980–988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan MK, Sekhon LHS. Extracranial-intracranial saphenous vein bypass for carotid or vertebral artery dissections: a report of six cases. J Neurosurg 1994; 80: 237–246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malek AM, Higashida RT, Phatouros CC, Lempert TE, Meyers PM, Smith WS, et al. Endovascular management of extracranial carotid artery dissection achieved using stent angioplasty. Am J Neuroradiol 2000; 21: 1280–1292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu AY, Paulsen RD, Marcellus ML, Steinberg GK, Marks MP. Long-term outcomes after carotid stent placement treatment of carotid artery dissection. Neurosurgery 1999; 45: 1368–1373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeOcampo J, Brillman J, Levy D. Stenting: a new approach to carotid dissection. J Neuroimag 1997; 7: 187–190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CAVATAS Investigators. Endovascular versus surgical treatment in patients with carotid stenosis in the Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS). Lancet 2001; 357: 1729–1737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diethrich EB, Ndiaye M, Reid DB. Stenting in the carotid artery: initial experience in 110 patients. J Endovasc Surg 1996; 3: 42–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry M, Amor M, Masson I, Henry I, Tzvetanov K, Chati Z, et al. Angioplasty and stenting of the extracranial carotid arteries. J Endovasc Surg 1998; 5: 293–304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan WD, Schroeder PT, Fisher WS, McDowell HA. A comparison of angioplasty with stenting versus endarterectomy for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis. Ann Vasc Surg 1997; 11: 2–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadaw JS, Roubin GS, Iyer S, Vitek J, King P, Jordan WD, et al. Elective stenting of the extracranial carotid arteries. Circulation 1997; 95: 376–381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roubin G, Gishel N, Iyer SS, Vitek JJ, Al-Mubarak N, Liu MW, et al. Immediate and late clinical outcomes of carotid artery stenting in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis A 5-year prospective analysis. Circulation 2001; 103: 532–537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ast G, Woimant F, Georges B, Laurian C, Haguenau M. Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery in 68 patients. Eur J Med 1993; 2: 466–472
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guillon B, Brunerau L, Biousse V, Djouhri H, Lévy C, Bousser MG. Long-term follow-up of aneurysms developed during extracranial internal carotid artery dissection. Neurology 1999; 53: 117–122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houser OW, Mokri B, Sundt TMJ, Baker HL, Reese DF. Spontaneous cervical cephalic arterial dissection and its residuum: angiographic spectrum. Am J Neuroradial 1984; 5: 27–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokri B, Sundt TMJ, Houser OW, Piepgras DW. Spontaneous dissection of the cervical internal carotid artery. Ann Neurol 1986; 19: 126–138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touzé E, Randoux B, Méary E, Arquizan C, Meder J-F, Mas J-L. Aneurysmal forms of cervical artery dissection. Associated factors and outcome. Stroke 2001; 32: 418–423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar