514
Views
49
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Recent and Historic Drivers of Landscape Change in the Everglades Ridge, Slough, and Tree Island Mosaic

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 344-381 | Published online: 19 Feb 2011

REFERENCES

  • Amador , J. A. and Jones , R. D. 1993 . Nutrient limitations on microbial respiration in peat soils with different total phosphorus content . Soil Biol. Biochem. , 25 : 793 – 801 .
  • Armentano , T. V. , Jones , D. T. , Ross , M. S. and Gamble , B. W. 2002 . “ Vegetation pattern and process in tree islands of the southern Everglades and adjacent areas ” . In Tree islands of the Everglades , Edited by: Sklar , F. H. and van der Valk , A. 225 – 282 . Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic .
  • Armentano , T. V. , Sah , J. P. , Ross , M. S. , Jones , D. T. , Cooley , H. C. and Smith , C. S. 2006 . Rapid responses of vegetation to hydrological changes in Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park, Florida, USA . Hydrobiologia , 569 : 293 – 309 .
  • Baksh , S. I. and Richards , J. H. 2006 . An architectural model for Eleocharis: morphology and development of Eleocharis cellulosa (Cyperaceae) . Am. J. Bot. , 93 : 707 – 715 .
  • Baldwin , M. and Hawker , H. W. 1915 . “ Soil survey of the Fort Lauderdale Area, Florida ” . In Field Operations of the Bureau of Soils, 1915 , Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Agriculture .
  • Bazante , J. , Jacobi , G. , Solo-Gabriele , H. , Reed , D. , Mitchell-Bruker , S. , Childers , D. , Leonard , L. and Ross , M. 2006 . Hydrologic measurements and implications for tree island formation within Everglades National Park . J. Hydrol. , 329 : 606 – 619 .
  • Beisner , B. E. , Haydon , D. T. and Cuddington , K. 2003 . Alternative stable states in ecology . Front Ecol. Env. , 1 : 376 – 382 .
  • Belyea , L. R. and Clymo , R. S. 2001 . Feedback control of the rate of peat formation . Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B , 268 : 1315 – 1321 .
  • Bernhardt , C. E. and Willard , D. A. 2009 . Response of the Everglades’ ridge and slough landscape to climate variability and 20th century water-management . Ecol. Appl. , 19 : 1723 – 1738 .
  • Bernhardt , C. E. , Willard , D. A. , Marot , M. and Holmes , C. W. 2004 . Anthropogenic and natural variation in ridge and slough pollen assemblages , Reston, VA : USGS Open-File Report 2004–1448, U.S. Geological Survey .
  • Brandt , L. A. , Portier , K. M. and Kitchens , W. M. 2000 . Patterns of change in tree islands in Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge from 1950 to 1991 . Wetlands , 20 : 1 – 14 .
  • Brandt , L. A. , Silveira , J. E. and Kitchens , W. M. 2002 . “ Tree islands of the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge ” . In Tree islands of the Everglades , Edited by: Sklar , F. H. and van der Valk , A. 311 – 335 . Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic .
  • Busch , D. E. , Loftus , W. F. and Bass , O. L. Jr. 1998 . Long-term hydrologic effects on marsh plant community structure in the southern Everglades . Wetlands , 18 : 230 – 241 .
  • Busch , J. , Mendelssohn , I. J. , Lorenzen , B. , Brix , H. and Miao , S. 2004 . Growth responses of the Everglades wet prairie species Eleocharis cellulosa and Rynchospora tracyi to water level and phosphate availability . Aquat. Bot. , 78 : 37 – 54 .
  • Carter , V. , Reel , J. T. , Rybicki , N. B. , Ruhl , H. A. , Gammon , P. T. and Lee , J. K. 1999a . Vegetative resistance to flow in south Florida: summary of vegetation sampling at sites NESRS3 and P33, Shark River Slough, November, 1996 , Reston, VA : USGS Open-File Report 99-218, U.S. Geological Survey .
  • Carter , V. , Ruhl , H. A. , Rybicki , N. B. , Reel , J. T. and Gammon , P. T. 1999b . Vegetative resistance to flow in south Florida: summary of vegetation sampling at sites NESRS3 and P33, Shark River Slough, April, 1996 , Reston, VA : USGS Open-File Report 99-187, U.S. Geological Survey .
  • Chen , H. , Mendelssohn , I. A. , Lorenzen , B. , Brix , H. and Miao , S. 2005 . Growth and nutrient responses of Eleocharis cellulosa to phosphate level and redox intensity . Am. J. Bot. , 92 : 1457 – 1466 .
  • Childers , D. L. , Doren , R. F. , Jones , R. , Noe , G. B. , Rugge , M. and Scinto , L. J. 2003 . Decadal change in vegetation and soil phosphorus pattern across the Everglades landscape . J. Env. Qual. , 32 : 344 – 362 .
  • Childers , D. L. , Iwaniec , D. , Rondeau , D. , Rubio , G. , Verdon , E. and Madden , C. J. 2006 . Responses of sawgrass and spikerush to variation in hydrologic drivers and salinity in Southern Everglades marshes . Hydrobiologia , 569 : 273 – 292 .
  • Craft , C. B. and Richardson , C. J. 1993 . Peat accretion and phosphorus accumulation along a eutrophication gradient in the northern Everglades . Biogeochemistry , 22 : 133 – 156 .
  • Craighead , F. C. Sr. 1971 . The trees of South Florida, 1: The natural environments and their succession , Coral Gables, FL : University of Miami Press .
  • Dai , J. , Sun , M.-Y. , Culp , R. A. and Noakes , J. E. 2005 . Changes in chemical and isotopic signatures of plant materials during degradation: implication for assessing various organic inputs in estuarine systems . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 32 : L13608 doi:10.1029/2005GL023133
  • Daoust , R. J. and Childers , D. L. 1998 . Quantifying aboveground biomass and estimating net aboveground primary production for wetland macrophytes using a non-destructive phenometric technique . Aquat. Bot. , 62 : 115 – 133 .
  • Daoust , R. J. and Childers , D. L. 1999 . Controls on emergent macrophyte composition, abundance, and productivity in freshwater Everglades wetland communities . Wetlands , 19 : 262 – 275 .
  • Daoust , R. J. and Childers , D. L. 2004 . Ecological effects of low-level phosphorus additions on two plant communities in a neotropical freshwater wetland ecosystem . Oecologia , 141 : 672 – 686 .
  • Davis , S. E. , Childers , D. L. and Noe , G. B. 2006 . The contribution of leaching to the rapid release of nutrients and carbon in the early decay of oligotrophic wetland vegetation . Hydrobiologia , 569 : 87 – 97 .
  • Davis , S. M. 1989 . “ Sawgrass and cattail production in relation to nutrient supply in the Everglades ” . In Freshwater wetlands and wildlife , Edited by: Sharitz , R. R. and Gibbons , J. W. 325 – 341 . Oak Ridge, TN : Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Department of Energy .
  • Davis , S. M. 1991 . Growth, decomposition, and nutrient retention of Cladium jamaicense Crantz and Typha domingensis Pers. in the Florida Everglades . Aquat. Bot. , 40 : 203 – 224 .
  • Davis , S. M. 1994 . “ Phosphorus inputs and vegetation sensitivity in the Everglades ” . In Everglades: The ecosystem and its restoration , Edited by: Davis , S. M. and Ogden , J. C. 357 – 378 . Boca Raton, FL : St. Lucie Press .
  • Davis , S. M. , Gaiser , E. E. , Loftus , W. F. and Huffman , A. E. 2005 . Southern marl prairies conceptual ecological model . Wetlands , 25 : 821 – 831 .
  • Davis , S. M. , Gunderson , L. H. , Park , W. A. , Richardson , J. and Mattson , J. 1994 . “ Landscape dimension, compostion, and function in a changing Everglades ecosystem ” . In Everglades: The ecosystem and its restoration , Edited by: Davis , S. M. and Ogden , J. C. 769 – 796 . Boca Raton, FL : St. Lucie Press .
  • DeBusk , W. F. and Reddy , K. R. 1998 . Turnover of detrital organic carbon in a nutrient-impacted Everglades marsh . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 62 : 1460 – 1468 .
  • Edwards , A. L. , Lee , D. W. and Richards , J. H. 2003 . Responses to a fluctuating environment: effects of water depth on growth and biomass allocation in Eleocharis cellulosa Torr. (Cyperaceae) . Can. J. Bot. , 81 : 964 – 975 .
  • Forthman , C. A. 1973 . “ The effects of prescribed burning on sawgrass, Cladium jamaicense crantz, in South Florida ” . Coral Gables, FL : Master's thesis, University of Miami .
  • Gaiser , E. E. 2009 . Periphyton as an indicator of restoration in the Florida Everglades . Ecol. Indic. , 9 : S37 – S45 .
  • Gaiser , E. E. , Childers , D. L. , Jones , R. D. , Richards , J. H. , Scinto , L. J. and Trexler , J. C. 2006 . Periphyton responses to eutrophication in the Florida Everglades: Cross-system patterns of structural and compositional change . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 51 : 617 – 630 .
  • German , E. R. 2000 . Regional evaluation of evapotranspiration in the Everglades , Tallahassee, Florida : USGS Open-File Report 00-4217, U.S. Geological Survey .
  • Gilad , E. , von Hardenberg , J. , Provenzale , A. , Shachak , M. and Meron , E. 2004 . Ecosystem engineers: from pattern formation to habitat creation . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 93 : 098105
  • Givnish , T. J. , Volin , J. C. , Owen , V. D. , Volin , V. C. , Muss , J. D. and Glaser , P. H. 2008 . Vegetation differentiation in the patterned landscape of the central Everglades: Importance of local and landscape drivers . Global. Ecol. Biogeogr. , 17 : 384 – 402 .
  • Goslee , S. C. and Richardson , C. J. 2008 . “ Establishment of seedling growth of sawgrass and cattail from the Everglades ” . In The Everglades experiments: Lessons for restoration , Edited by: Richardson , C. J. 547 – 564 . New York : Springer-Verlag .
  • Gottlieb , A. D. , Richards , J. H. and Gaiser , E. E. 2006 . Comparative study of periphyton community structure in long and short-hydroperiod Everglades marshes . Hydrobiologia , 569 : 195 – 207 .
  • Gunderson , L. H. 1994 . “ Vegetation of the Everglades: determinants of community composition ” . In Everglades: The ecosystem and its restoration , Edited by: Davis , S. M. and Ogden , J. C. 323 – 340 . Delray Beach, FL : St. Lucie Press .
  • Gunderson , L. H. and Snyder , J. R. 1994 . “ Fire patterns in the southern Everglades ” . In Everglades: The ecosystem and its restoration , Edited by: Davis , S. M. and Ogden , J. C. 291 – 306 . Delray Beach, FL : St. Lucie Press .
  • Hagerthey , S. E. , Newman , S. , Rutchey , K. , Smith , E. P. and Godin , J. 2008 . Multiple regime shifts in a subtropical peatland: community-specific thresholds to eutrophication . Ecol. Monogr. , 78 : 547 – 565 .
  • Harvey , J. W. and McCormick , P. V. 2009 . Groundwater's significance to changing hydrology, water chemistry, and biological communities of a floodplain ecosystem, Everglades, South Florida, USA . Hydrogeol. J. , 17 : 185 – 201 .
  • Harvey , J. W. , Newlin , J. T. and Krupa , S. L. 2006 . Modeling decadal timescale interactions between surface water and ground water in the central Everglades, Florida, USA . J. Hydrol. , 320 : 400 – 420 .
  • Harvey , J. W. , Noe , G. B. , Larsen , L. G. , Nowacki , D. J. and McPhillips , L. E. 2011 . Field flume reveals aquatic vegetation's role in sediment and particulate phosphorus transport in a shallow aquatic ecosystem . Geomorphology , doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.03.028
  • Harvey , J. W. , Saiers , J. E. and Newlin , J. T. 2005 . Solute transport and storage mechanisms in wetlands of the Everglades, south Florida . Water Resour. Res. , : 41 doi:10.1029/2004WRR003507
  • Harvey , J. W. , Schaffranek , R. W. , Noe , G. B. , Larsen , L. G. , Nowacki , D. and O’Connor , B. L. 2009 . Hydroecological factors governing surface-water flow on a low-gradient floodplain . Water Resour. Res. , 45 : W03421 doi:10.1029/2008WR007129
  • Haug , G. H. , Hughen , K. H. , Sigman , D. M. , Peterson , L. C. and Roehl , U. 2001 . Southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone through the Holocene . Science , 293 : 1304 – 1308 .
  • He , G. , Engel , V. , Leonard , L. , Croft , A. , Childers , D. , Laas , M. , Deng , Y. and Solo-Gabrielle , H. M. 2010 . Factors controlling surface water flow in a low-gradient subtropical wetland . Wetlands , 30 : 275 – 286 .
  • Heisler , L. , Towles , D. T. , Brandt , L. A. and Pace , R. T. 2002 . “ Tree island vegetation and water management in the central Everglades ” . In Tree islands of the Everglades , Edited by: Sklar , F. H. and van der Valk , A. 283 – 309 . Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic .
  • Ho , D. , Engel , V. , Variano , E. , Schmieder , P. and Condon , M. E. 2009 . Tracer studies of sheetflow in the Florida Everglades . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 36 : L09401 doi:10.1029/2009GL037355
  • Huang , Y. H. , Saiers , J. E. , Harvey , J. W. , Noe , G. B. and Mylon , S. 2008 . Advection, dispersion, and filtration of fine particles within emergent vegetation of the Florida Everglades . Water Resour. Res. , 44 : W04408 doi:10.1029/2007WR006290
  • Iwaniec , D. M. , Childers , D. L. , Rondeau , D. , Madden , C. J. and Saunders , C. 2006 . Effects of hydrologic and water quality drivers on periphyton dynamics in the southern Everglades . Hydrobiologia , 569 : 223 – 235 .
  • Kadlec , R. H. 1994 . Phosphorus uptake in Florida marshes . Water Sci. Technol. , 30 : 225 – 234 .
  • Kludze , H. K. and DeLaune , R. D. 1996 . Soil redox intensity effects on oxygen exchange and growth of cattail and sawgrass . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 60 : 616 – 621 .
  • Koch , M. S. and Reddy , K. R. 1992 . Distribution of soil and plant nutrients along a trophic gradient in the Florida Everglades . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 56 : 1492 – 1499 .
  • Koch-Rose , M. S. , Reddy , K. R. and Chanton , J. P. 1994 . Factors controlling seasonal nutrient profiles in a subtropical peatland of the Florida Everglades . J. Env. Qual. , 23 : 526 – 533 .
  • Kolasa , J. and Rollo , C. D. 1991 . “ Introduction: the heterogeneity of heterogeneity: A glossary ” . In Ecological heterogeneity , Edited by: Kolasa , J. , Pickett , S. T. A. and Allen , T. F. H. 1 – 23 . New York : Springer-Verlag .
  • Komar , P. D. 1983 . Shapes of streamlined islands on Earth and Mars: Experiments and analyses of the minimum-drag form . Geology , 11 : 651 – 654 .
  • Komar , P. D. 1984 . The lemniscate loop—comparisons with the shapes of streamlined landforms . J. Geol. , 92 : 133 – 145 .
  • Kuhn , N. L. , Mendelssohn , I. A. , McKee , K. L. , Lorenzen , B. , Brix , H. and Miao , S. 2002 . Root phosphatase in Cladium jamaicense and Typha domingensis grown in Everglades soil at ambient and elevated phosphorus levels . Wetlands , 22 : 794 – 800 .
  • Larsen , L. G. and Harvey , J. W. How vegetation and sediment transport feedbacks drive landscape change in the Everglades and wetlands worldwide . The American Naturalist , 176 E66 – E79 .
  • Larsen , L. G. and Harvey , J. W. Modeling of hydroecological feedbacks predicts distinct classes of weltand channel pattern and process that influence ecological function and restoration potential . Geomorphology , doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.03.015
  • Larsen , L. G. , Harvey , J. W. and Crimaldi , J. P. 2007 . A delicate balance: Ecohydrological feedbacks governing landscape morphology in a lotic peatland . Ecol. Monogr. , 77 : 591 – 614 .
  • Larsen , L. G. , Harvey , J. W. and Crimaldi , J. P. 2009a . Morphologic and transport properties of natural organic floc . Water Resour. Res. , 45 : W01410 doi:10.1029/2008WR006990
  • Larsen , L. G. , Harvey , J. W. and Crimaldi , J. P. 2009b . Predicting bed shear stress and its role in sediment dynamics and restoration potential of the Everglades and other vegetated flow systems . Ecological Engineering , 35 : 1773 – 1785 .
  • Larsen , L. G. , Harvey , J. W. , Noe , G. B. and Crimaldi , J. P. 2009c . Predicting organic floc transport dynamics in shallow aquatic ecosystems: Insights from the field, the laboratory, and numerical modeling . Water Resour. Res. , 45 : W01411 doi:10.1029/2008WR007221
  • Lee , J. K. , Roig , L. C. , Jenter , H. L. and Visser , H. M. 2004 . Drag coefficients for modeling flow through emergent vegetation in the Florida Everglades . Ecol. Eng. , 22 : 237 – 248 .
  • Leonard , L. , Croft , A. , Childers , D. , Mitchell-Bruker , S. , Solo-Gabriele , H. and Ross , M. 2006 . Characteristics of surface-water flows in the ridge and slough landscape of Everglades National Park: implications for particulate transport . Hydrobiologia , 569 : 5 – 22 .
  • Lissner , J. , Mendelssohn , I. A. , Lorenzen , B. , Brix , H. , McKee , K. L. and Miao , S. 2003 . Interactive effects of redox intensity and phosphate availability on growth and nutrient relations of Cladium jamaicense (Cyperaceae) . Am. J. Bot. , 90 : 736 – 748 .
  • Lorenzen , B. , Brix , H. , Mendelssohn , I. A. , McKee , K. L. and Miao , S. L. 2001 . Growth, biomass allocation and nutrient use efficiency in Cladium jamaicense and Typha domingensis as affected by phosphorus and oxygen availability . Aquat. Bot. , 70 : 117 – 133 .
  • Mason , D. H. and Van Der Valk , A. 2002 . “ Vegetation, peat elevation and peat depth on two tree islands in Water Conservation Area 3-A ” . In Tree islands of the Everglades , Edited by: Sklar , F. H. and van der Valk , A. 337 – 356 . Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic .
  • McCormick , P. V. and Harvey , J. W. 2011 . Influence of changing water sources and mineral chemistry on the Everglades Ecosystem . Crit. Rev. Env. Sci. Tec. , 41 ( S1 ) : 28 – 63 .
  • McCormick , P. V. , Newman , S. , Payne , G. , Miao , S. L. and Fontaine , T. D. 2000 . “ Chapter 3: Anthropogenic effects of phosphorus enrichment on the Everglades ” . In Everglades Consolidated Report , West Palm Beach, FL : South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL .
  • McCormick , P. V. , Newman , S. and Vilchek , L. W. 2009 . Landscape responses to wetland eutrophication: loss of slough habitat in the Florida Everglades, USA . Hydrobiologia , 621 : 105 – 114 .
  • McVoy , C. , Park Said , W. , Obeysekera , J. , VanArman , J. and Dreschel , T. 2011 . Landscapes and hydrology of the pre-drainage Everglades , Gainesville, FL : University Press of Florida .
  • Miao , S. L. , Borer , R. E. and Sklar , F. H. 1997 . Sawgrass seedling responses to transplanting and nutrient additions . Restor. Ecol. , 5 : 162 – 168 .
  • Miao , S. L. , Kong , L. , Lorenzen , B. and Johnson , R. R. 1998 . Versatile modes of propagation in Cladium jamaicense in the Florida Everglades . Ann. Bot-London , 82 : 285 – 290 .
  • Miao , S. L. and Sklar , F. H. 1998 . Biomass and nutrient allocation of sawgrass and cattail along a nutrient gradient in the Florida Everglades . Wetlands Ecol. Manage , 5 : 245 – 263 .
  • Mitsch , W. J. and Gosselink , J. G. 2000 . Wetlands , New York : Wiley .
  • Nepf , H. M. 2004 . “ Vegetated flow dynamics ” . In The ecogeomorphology of tidal marshes , Edited by: Fagherazzi , S. , Marani , M. and Blum , L. K. 137 – 163 . Washington, DC : American Geophysical Union .
  • Nepf , H. , Sullivan , J. and Zavistoski , R. 1997 . A model for diffusion within emergent vegetation . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 42 : 85 – 95 .
  • Neto , R. R. , Mead , R. N. , Louda , J. W. and Jaffe , R. 2006 . Organic biogeochemistry of detrital flocculent material (floc) in a subtropical, coastal wetland . Biogeochemistry , 77 : 283 – 304 .
  • Newman , S. , Grace , J. B. and Koebel , J. W. 1996 . Effects of nutrients and hydroperiod on Typha, Cladium, and Eleocharis: Implications for Everglades restoration . Ecol. Appl. , 6 : 774 – 783 .
  • Newman , S. , Kumpf , H. , Laing , J. A. and Kennedy , W. C. 2001 . Decomposition responses to phosphorus enrichment in an Everglades (USA) slough . Biogeochemistry , 54 : 229 – 250 .
  • Noe , G. B. and Childers , D. L. 2007 . Phosphorus budgets in Everglades wetland ecosystems: the effects of hydrology and nutrient enrichment . Wetlands Ecol. Manage , 15 : 189 – 205 .
  • Noe , G. B. , Childers , D. L. and Jones , R. D. 2001 . Phosphorus biogeochemistry and the impact of phosphorus enrichment: Why is the Everglades so unique? . Ecosystems , 4 : 603 – 624 .
  • Noe , G. B. , Harvey , J. W. and Saiers , J. 2007 . Characterization of suspended particles in Everglades wetlands . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 52 : 1166 – 1178 .
  • Noe , G. B. , Harvey , J. W. , Schaffranek , R. W. and Larsen , L. G. 2010 . Controls of suspended sediment concentration, nutrient content, and transport in a subtropical wetland . Wetlands , 30 : 39 – 54 .
  • Noe , G. B. , Scinto , L. J. , Taylor , J. , Childers , D. L. and Jones , R. D. 2003 . Phosphorus cycling and partitioning in an oligotrophic Everglades wetland ecosystem: A radioisotope tracing study . Freshwater Biol. , 48 : 1993 – 2008 .
  • Nungesser , M. K. 2003 . Modelling microtopography in boreal peatlands: Hummocks and hollows . Ecol. Model , 165 : 175 – 207 .
  • Nyman , J. A. , Walters , R. J. , Delaune , R. D. and Patrick , W. H. Jr. 2006 . Marsh vertical accretion via vegetative growth . Estuar. Costal Shelf Sci. , 69 : 370 – 380 .
  • Ogden , J. C. 2005 . Everglades ridge and slough conceptual ecological model . Wetlands , 25 : 810 – 820 .
  • Olmsted , I. and Armentano , T. V. 1997 . Vegetation of Shark Slough, Everglades National Park , Homestead, FL : South Florida Natural Resources Center, Everglades National Park .
  • Orem , W. H. 2007 . Sulfur contamination in the Florida Everglades: Initial examination of mitigation strategies , Reston, VA : USGS Open-File Report 2007-1374, US Geological Survey .
  • Orem , W. H. , Willard , D. A. , Lerch , H. E. , Bates , A. L. , Boylan , A. and Comm , M. 2002 . “ Nutrient geochemistry of sediments from two tree islands in Water Conservation Area 3B, the Everglades, Florida ” . In Tree islands of the Everglades , Edited by: Sklar , F. H. and van der Valk , A. 153 – 186 . Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic .
  • Palmer , M. A. and Poff , N. L. 1997 . The influence of environmental heterogeneity on patterns and processes in streams . J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. , 16 : 169 – 173 .
  • Palmer , M. R. , Nepf , H. M. , Pettersson , T. J. R. and Ackerman , J. D. 2004 . Observations of particle capture on a cylindrical collector: Implications for particle accumulation and removal in aquatic systems . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 49 : 76 – 85 .
  • Penton , C. R. and Newman , S. 2008 . Enzyme-based resource allocated decomposition and landscape heterogeneity in the Florida Everglades . J. Environ. Qual. , 37 : 972 – 976 .
  • Pezeshki , S. R. 2001 . Wetland plant responses to soil flooding . Env. Exp. Bot. , 46 : 299 – 312 .
  • Phillips , L. F. and Schumm , S. A. 1987 . Effect of regional slope on drainage networks . Geology , 15 : 813 – 816 .
  • Reddy , K. R. , DeLaune , R. D. , DeBusk , W. F. and Koch , M. S. 1993 . Long-term nutrient accumulation rates in the Everglades . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 57 : 1147 – 1155 .
  • Redfield , A. C. and Rubin , M. 1962 . The age of salt marsh peat and its relation to recent changes in sea level at Barnstable, Massachusetts . Proc. Nat. Acad Sci. , 48 : 1728 – 1735 .
  • Rejmankova , E. and Macek , P. 2008 . Response of root and sediment phosphatase activity to increased nutrients and salinity . Biogeochemistry , 90 : 159 – 169 .
  • Rejmankova , E. , Macek , P. and Epps , K. 2008 . Wetland ecosystem changes after three years of phosphorus addition . Wetlands , 28 : 914 – 927 .
  • Rietkerk , M. , Dekker , S. C. , de Ruiter , P. C. and van de Koppel , J. 2004 . Self-organized patchiness and catastrophic shifts in ecosystems . Science , 305 : 1926 – 1929 .
  • Rietkerk , M. and van de Koppel , J. 2008 . Regular pattern formation in real ecosystems . Trends Ecol. Evol. , 23 : 169 – 175 .
  • Riscassi , A. L. and Schaffranek , R. W. 2002 . Flow velocity, water temperature, and conductivity in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, Florida: July 1999–August 2001 , Reston, VA : USGS Open-File Report 02-159, U.S. Geological Survey .
  • Riscassi , A. L. and Schaffranek , R. W. 2003 . Flow velocity, water temperature, and conductivity in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, Florida: August 2001–June 2002 , Reston, VA : USGS Open-File Report 03-348, U.S. Geological Survey .
  • Riscassi , A. L. and Schaffranek , R. W. 2004 . Flow velocity, water temperature, and conductivity in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, Florida: June 2002–July 2003 , Reston, VA : USGS Open-File Report 03-348, U.S. Geological Survey .
  • Ross , M. S. , Mitchell-Bruker , S. , Sah , J. P. , Stothoff , S. , Ruiz , P. L. , Reed , D. L. , Jayachandran , K. and Coultas , C. L. 2006 . Interaction of hydrology and nutrient limitation in the ridge and slough landscape of the southern Everglades . Hydrobiologia , 569 : 37 – 59 .
  • Rybicki , N. B. , Reel , J. T. , Ruhl , H. A. , Gammon , P. T. and Carter , V. 2001 . Vegetative resistance to flow in south Florida: summary of vegetation sampling in Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park, September 1997–July 1998 , Reston, VA : USGS Open-File Report 01-102, U. S. Geological Survey .
  • Saiers , J. E. , Harvey , J. W. and Mylon , S. E. 2003 . Surface-water transport of suspended matter through wetland vegetation of the Florida everglades . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 30 : HLS 3-1 – HLS 3-5 .
  • San Jose , J. J. , Meirelles , M. L. , Bracho , R. and Nikonovan , N. 2001 . A comparative analysis of the flooding and fire effects on the energy exchange in a wetland community (Morichal) of the Orinoco Lavos . J. Hydrol. , 242 : 228 – 254 .
  • Science Coordination Team . 2003 . The role of flow in the Everglades ridge and slough landscape , West Palm Beach, FL : South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Working Group . Retrieved from http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/papers/sct_flows
  • Silva , M. P. D. , Mauro , R. , Mourao , G. and Coutinho , M. 1999 . Distribution and quantification of classes of vegetation of the Pantanal through aerial surveys . Revista Brasileira de Botanica , 23 : 143 – 152 .
  • Silveira , J. E. 1996 . Landscape pattern and disturbance in the Everglades: A spatial model of fire and vegetation succession in Water Conservation Area 1 , Gainesville, FL : Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida .
  • Sklar , F. , Coronado-Molina , C. , Gras , A. , Rutchey , K. , Gawlike , D. , Crozier , G. , Bauman , L. , Hagerthey , S. , Shuford , R. , Leeds , J. , Wu , Y. , Madden , C. , Garrett , B. , Nungesser , M. , Korvela , M. and McVoy , C. 2004 . “ Ecological effects of hydrology ” . In 2004 Everglades consolidated report , 6-1 – 6-58 . West Palm Beach, FL : South Florida Water Management District .
  • Sklar , F. H. and van der Valk , A. 2002 . “ Tree islands of the Everglades: An Overview ” . In Tree islands of the Everglades , Edited by: Sklar , F. H. and van der Valk , A. 1 – 18 . Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic .
  • Slate , J. E. and Stevenson , R. J. 2000 . Recent and abrupt changes in the Florida Everglades indicated by siliceous microfossils . Wetlands , 20 : 346 – 356 .
  • Smith , S. M. , Leeds , J. A. , McCormick , P. V. , Garrett , P. B. and Darwish , M. 2009 . Sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense) responses as early indicators of low-level phosphorus enrichment in the Florida Everglades . Wetlands Ecol. Manage , 17 : 291 – 302 .
  • Stone , P. A. , Gleason , P. J. and Chmura , G. L. 2002 . “ Bayhead tree islands on deep peats of the northeastern Everglades ” . In Tree islands of the Everglades , Edited by: Sklar , F. H. and van der Valk , A. 71 – 115 . Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic .
  • Stumpf , R. P. 1983 . The process of sedimentation on the surface of a salt marsh . Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science , 17 : 495 – 508 .
  • Suding , K. N. , Gross , K. L. and Houseman , G. R. 2004 . Alternative states and positive feedbacks in restoration ecology . Trends Ecol. Evol. , 19 : 46 – 53 .
  • Trexler , J. C. , Loftus , W. F. , Jordan , F. , Chick , J. H. , Kandl , K. L. , McElroy , T. C. and Bass , O. L. Jr. 2002 . “ Ecological scale and its implications for freshwater fishes in the Florida Everglades ” . In The Everglades, Florida Bay, and coral reefs of the Florida Keys: An ecosystem sourcebook , Edited by: Porter , J. W. and Porter , K. G. 153 – 181 . Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
  • Troxler , T. G. and Childers , D. L. 2009 . Litter decomposition promotes differential feedbacks in an oligotrophic southern Everglades wetland . Plant Ecol. , 200 : 69 – 82 .
  • Troxler , T. G. and Richards , J. H. 2009 . δ13C, δ15N, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus as indicators of plant ecophysiology and organic matter pathways in Everglades deep slough, Florida . Aquat Bot. , 91 : 157 – 165 .
  • Troxler-Gann , T. and Childers , D. L. 2006 . Relationships between hydrology and soils describe vegetation patterns in seasonally flooded tree islands of the southern Everglades, Florida . Plant Soil , 279 : 271 – 286 .
  • Troxler-Gann , T. G. , Childers , D. L. and Rondeau , D. N. 2005 . Ecosystem structure, nutrient dynamics, and hydrologic relationships in tree islands of the southern Everglades, Florida, USA . Forest Ecol. Manage , 214 : 11 – 27 .
  • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers . 1999 . Central and Southern Florida Project, Comprehensive Review Study, Final Integrated Feasibility Report and Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement , Jacksonville, FL : U.S. Army Corps of Engineers .
  • Vallett , H. M. , Dahm , C. N. , Campana , M. E. , Morrice , J. A. , Baker , M. A. and Fellows , C. S. 1997 . Hydrologic influences on groundwater-surface water ecotones: heterogeneity in nutrient composition and retention . J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. , 16 : 239 – 247 .
  • Van de Koppel , J. , Herman , P. M. J. , Thoolen , P. and Heip , C. H. R. 2001 . Do alternate stable states occur in natural ecosystems? Evidence from a tidal flat . Ecology , 82 : 3449 – 3461 .
  • Van de Koppel , J. and Rietkerk , M. 2004 . Spatial interactions and resilience in arid ecosystems . Am. Nat. , 163 : 113 – 121 .
  • Van Der Valk , A. and Sklar , F. 2002 . “ What we know and should know about tree islands ” . In Tree Islands of the Everglades , Edited by: Sklar , F. H. and van der Valk , A. 499 – 522 . Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
  • Variano , E. A. , Ho , D. T. , Engel , V. C. , Schmieder , P. J. and Reid , M. C. 2009 . Flow and mixing dynamics in a patterned wetland: Kilometer-scale tracer releases in the Everglades . Water Resour. Res. , 45 : W08422 doi:10.1029/2008WR007216
  • Ward , J. V. , Tockner , K. and Schiemer , F. 1999 . Biodiversity of floodplain river ecosystems: Ecotones and connectivity . Regul River , 15 : 125 – 139 .
  • Wetzel , P. R. , Van Der Valk , A. G. , Newman , S. , Gawlik , D. E. , Troxler-Gann , T. , Coronado-Molina , C. , Childers , D. L. and Sklar , F. H. 2005 . Maintaining tree islands in the Florida Everglades: nutrient redistribution is the key . Front Ecol. Env. , 3 : 370 – 376 .
  • Wetzel , P. R. 2002 . “ Tree island ecosystems of the world ” . In Tree islands of the Everglades , Edited by: Sklar , F. H. and van der Valk , A. 19 – 69 . Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic .
  • Wetzel , P. R. , Sklar , F. H. , Coronado , C. , Troxler , T. G. , Krupa , S. L. , Sullivan , P. L. , Ewe , S. and Newman , S. 2011 . Biogeochemical processes on tree islands in the Greater Everglades: Initiating a new paradigm . Crit. Rev. Env. Sci. Tec. , 41 ( S1 ) : 670 – 701 .
  • Wetzel , P. R. , Van Der Valk , A. G. , Newman , S. , Coronado , S. , Troxler-Gann , T. G. , Childers , D. L. , Orem , W. H. and Sklar , F. H. 2009 . Heterogeneity of phosphorus distribution in a patterned landscape, the Florida Everglades . Plant Ecol. , 200 : 83 – 90 .
  • Wheeler , B. D. 1999 . “ Water and plants in freshwater wetlands ” . In Eco-hydrology: Plants and water in terrestrial and aquatic environments , Edited by: Baird , A. J. and Wilby , R. L. 127 – 180 . London : Routledge .
  • Wickland , K. P. , Neff , J. C. and Aiken , G. R. 2007 . Dissolved organic carbon in Alaskan boreal forest: sources, chemical characteristics, and biodegradability . Ecosystems , doi:10.1007/s10021-007-9101-4
  • Willard , D. A. , Bernhardt , C. E. , Holmes , C. W. , Landacre , B. and Marot , M. 2006 . Response of Everglades tree islands to environmental change . Ecol. Monogr. , 76 : 565 – 583 .
  • Willard , D. A. , Holmes , C. W. , Korvela , M. S. , Mason , D. , Murray , J. B. , Orem , W. H. and Towles , D. T. 2002 . “ Paleoecological insights on fixed tree island development in the Florida Everglades: 1. Environmental controls ” . In Tree islands of the Everglades , Edited by: Sklar , F. H. and van der Valk , A. 117 – 152 . Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic .
  • Willard , D. A. , Weimer , L. M. and Riegel , W. L. 2001 . Pollen assemblages as paleoenvironmental proxies in the Florida Everglades . Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno. , 113 : 213 – 235 .
  • Wright , A. L. , Reddy , K. R. and Newman , S. 2009 . Microbial indicators of eutrophication in Everglades wetlands . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 73 : 1597 – 1603 .
  • Wright , J. O. 1912 . The Everglades of Florida: Their adaptability for the growth of sugar cane , Tallahassee, FL : Privately published by the author .
  • Wu , Y. , Rutchey , K. , Guan , W. , Vilchek , L. and Sklar , F. H. 2002 . “ Spatial simulations of tree islands for Everglades restoration ” . In Tree islands of the Everglades , Edited by: Sklar , F. H. and van der Valk , A. 469 – 498 . Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic .
  • Yu , Z. , Campbell , I. D. , Vitt , D. H. and Apps , M. J. 2001 . Modelling long-term peatland dynamics. I. Concepts, review, and proposed design . Ecol. Model , 145 : 197 – 210 .
  • Zweig , C. L. and Kitchens , W. M. 2008 . Effects of landscape gradients on wetland vegetation communities: Information for large-scale restoration . Wetlands , 28 : 1086 – 1096 .
  • Zweig , C. L. and Kitchens , W. M. 2009 . Multi-state succession in wetlands: A novel use of state and transition models . Ecology , 90 : 1900 – 1909 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.