Climate Change Impact Assessment of Food- and Waterborne Diseases

REFERENCES

• Abulreesh , H. H. , Paget , T. A. and Goulder , R. 2006 . Campylobacter in waterfowl and aquatic environments: Incidence and methods of detection . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 40 : 7122 – 7131 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altekruse , S. F. , Stern , N. J. , Fields , P. I. and Swerdlow , D. L. 1999 . Campylobacter jejuni—an emerging foodborne pathogen . Emerg. Infect. Dis. , 5 : 28 – 35 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen , P. H. 2006 . Infections with seawater bacteria . EPI-NEWS , : 26 – 32 . 1
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , P. , Brownstein , J. , Confalonieri , U. , Causey , D. , Chan , N. Ebi , K. L. 2006 . Climate change futures: Health, ecological and economic dimensions , Boston , MA : The Center for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard Medical School .
   Google Scholar
• Andersson , Y. and Ekdahl , K. 2006 . Wound infections due to Vibrio cholerae in Sweden after swimming in the Baltic Sea, summer 2006 . Euro. Surveill. , 11 ( 8 ) E060803.2
   Google Scholar
• Atherholt , T. B. , LeChevallier , M. W. , Norton , W. D. and Rosen , J. S. 1998 . The effect of rainfall on giardia and crypto . J. Amer. Water Works Assoc. , 90 : 66 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baird-Parker , A. C. 1994 . Foods and microbiological risks . Microbiology , 140 : 687 – 695 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bi , P. , Cameron , A. S. , Zhang , Y. and Parton , K. A. 2008 . Weather and notified Campylobacter infections in temperate and sub-tropical regions of Australia: An ecological study . J. Infect. , 57 : 317 – 323 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackburn , B. G. , Craun , G. F. , Yoder , J. S. , Hill , V. , Calderon , R. L. Chen , N. 2004 . Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks associated with drinking water, United States, 2001–2002 . MMWR Surveill. Summ. , 53 ( 8 ) : 23 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Blaser , M. J. 2000 . “ Campylobacter jejuni and related species ” . In Principles and practice of infectious diseases , 5th ed. , Edited by: Mandell , G. L. , Bennett , J. E. and Dolin , R. 2276 – 2285 . Philadelphia , PA : Churchill Livingstone .
   Google Scholar
• Boxall , A. B. , Hardy , A. , Beulke , S. , Boucard , T. , Burgin , L. Falloon , P. D. 2009 . Impacts of climate change on indirect human exposure to pathogens and chemicals from agriculture . Environ. Health Perspect. , 117 : 508 – 514 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradt , K. , Monazahian , M. , Baillot , A. and Heckler , R. 2005 . “ Norovirus infections [Norovirus - Erkrankungen] ” . Annual Report of the Public Health Authority of the Federal State of Lower Saxony, Germany (NGLA), 23–25 .
   Google Scholar
• Buzby , J. C. and Roberts , T. 1997 . Economic costs and trade impacts of microbial foodborne illness . World Health Stat. Q , 50 : 57 – 66 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Callaway , T. R. , Edrington , T. S. , Anderson , R. C. , Byrd , J. A. and Nisbet , D. J. 2008 . Gastrointestinal microbial ecology and the safety of our food supply as related to Salmonella . J. Anim. Sci. , 86 ( 14 Suppl ) : E163 – 172 .
   Google Scholar
• Carrique-Mas , J. , Andersson , Y. , Petersen , B. , Hedlund , K. O. , Sjogren , N. and Giesecke , J. 2003 . A Norwalk-like virus waterborne community outbreak in a Swedish village during peak holiday season . Epidemiol. Infect. , 131 ( 1 ) : 737 – 744 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter , A. M. , Pacha , R. E. , Clark , G. W. and Williams , E. A. 1987 . Seasonal occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in surface waters and their correlation with standard indicator bacteria . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 53 : 523 – 526 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casman , E. , Fischhoff , B. , Small , M. , Dowlatabadi , H. , Rose , J. and Morgan , M. G. 2001 . Climate change and cryptosporidiosis: A qualitative analysis . Climatic Change , 50 : 219 – 249 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen , J. H. Hewitson , B. 2007 . “ Regional climate projections ” . In Climate Change 2007: The physical science basis , New York , NY : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , C. G. , Price , L. , Ahmed , R. , Woodward , D. L. , Melito , P. L. Rodgers , F. G. 2003 . Characterization of waterborne outbreak-associated Campylobacter jejuni, Walkerton, Ontario . Emerg. Infect. Dis. , 9 : 1232 – 1241 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig , D. L. , Fallowfield , H. J. and Cromar , N. J. 2003 . Effectiveness of guideline faecal indicator organism values in estimation of exposure risk at recreational coastal sites . Water Sci. Technol. , 47 : 191 – 198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Souza , R. M. , Becker , N. G. , Hall , G. and Moodie , K. B. 2004 . Does ambient temperature affect foodborne disease? . Epidemiology , 15 : 86 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels , N. A. , MacKinnon , L. , Bishop , R. , Altekruse , S. , Ray , B. Hammond , R. M. 2000b . Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections in the United States, 1973–1998 . J. Inf. Dis. , 181 : 1661 – 1666. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels , N. A. , Ray , B. , Easton , A. , Marano , N. , Kahn , E. , McShan , A. L. II Del Rosario , L. 2000a . Emergence of a new Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype in raw oysters: A prevention quandary . JAMA , 284 : 1541 – 1545 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danis , K. , Di Renzi , M. , O’Neill , W. , Smyth , B. , McKeown , P. , Foley , B. , Tohani , V. and Devine , M. 2009 . Risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infection: an all-Ireland case-control study . Euro. Surveill. , 14 ( 7 )
   Google Scholar
• Della-Marta , P. M. , Haylock , M. R. , Luterbacher , J. and Wanner , J. 2007 . Doubled length of western European summer heat waves since 1880 . J. Geophys. Research. , 112 : D15103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle , A. , Barataud , D. , Gallay , A. , Thiolet , J. M. , Le Guyaguer , S. Kohli , E. 2004 . Norovirus foodborne outbreaks associated with the consumption of oysters from the Etang de Thau, France, December 2002 . Euro. Surveill. , 9 ( 3 ) : 24 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Doyle , M. P. and Roman , D. J. 1981 . Growth and survival of Campylobacter fetus susp. jejuni as a function of temperature and pH . J. Food Protect. , 44 : 596 – 601 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwight , R. H. , Brinks , M. V. , Sharavanakumar , G. and Semenza , J. C. 2007 . Beach attendance and bathing rates for Southern California beaches . Ocean and Coastal Management , 50 : 847 – 858 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Center for Disease Prevention and Control . 2010a . Annual epidemiological report on communicable diseases in Europe 2009 , Stockholm , , Sweden : ECDC .
   Google Scholar
• European Center for Disease Prevention and Control . 2010b . Handbook for national vulnerability, impact and adaptation assessments on climate change and communicable diseases Retrieved from http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/1003_TED_handbook_climatechange.pdf
   Google Scholar
• European Environmental Agency . 2007 . Climate change and water adaptation issues , EEA Technical Report No 2 .
   Google Scholar
• European Food Safety Authority . 2007 . The community summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents, antimicrobial resistance and foodborne outbreaks in the European Union in 2006 . EFSA Journal , 130 Retrieved from http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/130r.htm
   Google Scholar
• Fawell , J. and Nieuwenhuijsen , M. J. 2003 . Contaminants in drinking water . Br Med Bull. , 68 : 199 – 208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleury , M. , Charron , D. F. , Holt , J. D. , Allen , O. B. and Maarouf , A. R. 2006 . A time series analysis of the relationship of ambient temperature and common bacterial enteric infections in two Canadian provinces . Int. J. Biometeorol. , 50 : 385 – 391 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank , C. , Littman , M. , Alpers , K. and Hallauer , J. 2006 . Vibrio vulnificus wound infections after contact with the Baltic Sea, Germany . Euro. Surveill. , 11 ( 8 ) E060817.1
   Google Scholar
• Frost , J. A. , Gillespie , I. A. and O’Brien , S. J. 2002 . Public health implications of Campylobacter outbreaks in England and Wales, 1995–9: Epidemiological and microbiological investigations . Epidemiol. Infect. , 128 : 111 – 118 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goulet , V. , Jacquet , C. , Martin , P. , Vaillant , V. , Laurent , E. and de Valk , H. 2006 . Surveillance of human listeriosis in France, 2001–2003 . Euro. Surveill. , 11 ( 6 ) : 79 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Greig , J. D. and Ravel , A. 2009 . Analysis of foodborne outbreak data reported internationally for source attribution . Int. J. Food Microbiol. , 130 : 77 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruber , T. R. 1993 . A translation approach to portable ontologies . Knowledge Acquisition , 5 : 199 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , G. V. , D’Souza , R. M. and Kirk , M. D. 2002 . Foodborne disease in the new millennium: out of the frying pan and into the fire? . Med. J. Aust. , 177 : 614 – 618 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hearnden , M. , Skelly , C. , Eyles , R. and Weinstein , P. 2003 . The regionality of campylobacteriosis seasonality in New Zealand . Int. J. Environ. Health Res. , 13 : 337 – 348 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heer , J. , Card , S. K. and Landay , J. A. 2005 . Prefuse: A toolkit for interactive information visualization . Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , : 421 – 430 .
   Google Scholar
• Hemmer , C. J. , Frimmel , S. , Kinzelback , R. , Gurtler , L. and Reisinger , E. C. 2007 . Global warming: Trailblazer for tropical infections in Germany? . Dtsch Med Wochenschr , 132 : 2583 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hjertqvist , M. , Johansson , A. , Svensson , N. , Abom , P. E. , Magnusson , C. Olsson , M. 2006 . Four outbreaks of Norovirus gastroenteritis after consuming raspberries, Sweden, June–August 2006 . Euro. Surveill. , 11 ( 9 ) E060907 1
   Google Scholar
• Hörman , A. , Rimhanen-Finne , R. , Maunula , L. , von Bonsdorff , C. H. , Torvela , N. Heikinheimo , A. 2004 . Campylobacter spp., Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp., noroviruses, and indicator organisms in surface water in south-western Finland, 2000–2001 . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 70 : 87 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hui , E. K. 2006 . Reasons for the increase in emerging and re-emerging viral infectious diseases . Microbes and Infection , 8 : 905 – 916 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter , P. R. 2003 . Climate change and waterborne and vector-borne disease . J. Appl. Microbiol. , 94 ( Suppl. ) : 37S – 46S .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change . 2007 . Fourth assessment report: Climate changesynthesis report Retrieved from http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_spm.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Iturriza Gomara , M. , Simpson , R. , Perault , A. M. , Redpath , C. , Lorgelly , P. Joshi , D. 2008 . Structured surveillance of infantile gastroenteritis in East Anglia, UK: Incidence of infection with common viral gastroenteric pathogens . Epidemiol. Infect. , 136 ( 1 ) : 23 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jagai , J. S. , Castronovo , D. A. , Monchak , J. and Naumova , E. N. 2009 . Seasonality of cryptosporidiosis: A meta-analysis approach . Environ. Res. , 109 : 465 – 478 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , K. 2001 . Campylobacters in water, sewage and the environment . Symp. Ser. Soc. Appl. Microbiol. , 30 : 68S – 79S .
   Google Scholar
• Kapperud , G. , Espeland , G. , Wahl , E. , Walde , A. , Herikstad , H. Gustavsen , S. 2003 . Factors associated with increased and decreased risk of Campylobacter infection: A prospective case-control study in Norway . Am. J. Epidemiol. , 158 : 234 – 242 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katayama , H. , Haramoto , E. , Oguma , K. , Yamashita , H. , Tajima , A. Nakajima , H. 2008 . One year monthly quantitative survey of noroviruses, enteroviruses, and adenoviruses in wastewater collected from six plants in Japan . Water Res. , 42 : 1441 – 1448 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King , B. J. and Monis , P. T. 2007 . Critical processes affecting Cryptosporidium oocyst survival in the environment . Parasitology , 134 : 309 – 323 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kistemann , T. , Classen , T. and Exner , M. 2003 . Epidemiologically confirmed: the first waterborne outbreak of Giardiasis in Germany . Bbr. , 7 : 40 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Kistemann , T. , Claßen , T. , Koch , C. , Dangendorf , F. , Fischeder , R. Gebel , J. 2002 . Microbial load of drinking water reservoir tributaries during extreme rainfall and runoff . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 68 : 2188 – 2197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch , J. 2004 . “ Seasonal distribution of norovirus cases in Germany: 2001–2004 ” . RKI Epidemiologisches Bulletin .
   Google Scholar
• Kovats , R. S. , Edwards , S. J. , Charron , D. , Cowden , J. D’Souza , R. M. 2005 . Climate variability and Campylobacter infection: an international study . Int. J. Biometeorol. , 49 : 207 – 214 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovats , R. S. , Edwards , S. J. , Hajat , S. , Armstrong , B. G. , Ebi , K. L. Menne , B. 2004 . The effect of temperature on food poisoning: A time series analysis of salmonellosis in ten European countries . Epidemiol. Infect. , 132 : 443 – 453 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovats , R. S. , Haines , A. , Stanwell-Smith , R. , Martens , P. , Menne , B. and Bertollini , R. 1999 . Climate change and human health in Europe . BMJ , 318 : 1682 – 1685 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovats , R. S. , Menne , B. , McMichael , A. J. , Bertollini , R. and Soskolne , C. 2000b . Climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion: Early effects on our health in Europe , WHO Regional Publication, European Series, No. 88. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar
• Kovats , R. S. , Menne , B. , McMichael , A. J. , Corvalan , C. and Bertollini , R. 2000a . Climate change and human health: Impact and adaption , Geneva , , Switzerland : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar
• Kukkula , M. , Maunula , L. , Silvennoinen , E. and von Bonsdorff , C. H. 1999 . Outbreak of viral gastroenteritis due to drinking water contaminated by Norwalk-like viruses . J. Inf. Dis. , 180 : 1771 – 1776 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lake , I. R. , Bentham , G. , Kovats , R. S. and Nichols , G. L. 2005 . Effects of weather and river flow on cryptosporidiosis . J. Water Health. , 3 : 469 – 474 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lake , I. R. , Gillespie , I. A. , Bentham , G. , Nichols , G. L. , Lane , C. , Adak , G. K. and Threlfall , E. J. 2009 . A re-evaluation of the impact of temperature and climate change on foodborne illness . Epidemiol. Infect. , 137 : 1 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Lake , I. R. , Nichols , G. , Bentham , G. , Harrison , F. C.D. , Hunter , P. R. and Kovats , R. S. 2007 . Cryptosporidiosis decline after regulation, England and Wales, 1989–2005 . Emerg. Infect. Dis. , 13 : 623 – 625 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawson , H. W. , Braun , M. M. , Glass , R. I. , Stine , S. E. , Monroe , S. S. Atrash , H. K. 1991 . Waterborne outbreak of Norwalk virus gastroenteritis at a south-west US resort: Role of geological formations in contamination of well water . Lancet , 337 ( 8751 ) : 1200 – 1204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesne , J. , Berthet , S. , Binard , S. , Rouxel , A. and Humbert , F. 2000 . Changes in culturability and virulence of Salmonella typhimurium during long-term starvation under desiccating conditions . International Journal of Food Microbiology , 60 : 195 – 203 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipp , E. K. , Huq , A. and Colwell , R. R. 2002 . Effects of global climate on infectious disease: The cholera model . Clin. Microbiol. Rev. , 15 : 757 – 770 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall , J. A. , Yuen , L. , Catton , M. G. and Wright , P. J. 1999 . Summer vomiting disease? . Med. J. Aust. , 171 : 686 – 687 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez-Urtaza , J. , Saco , M. , de Novoa , J. , Perez-Pineiro , P. , Peiteado , J. Lozano-Leon , A. 2004 . Influence of environmental factors and human activity on the presence of Salmonella serovars in a marine environment . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 70 : 2089 – 2097 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattison , K. , Shukla , A. , Cook , A. , Pollari , F. , Friendship , R. Kelton , D. 2007 . Human Noroviruses in swine and cattle . Emerg. Infect. Dis. , 13 : 1184 – 1188 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMichael , A. J. , Woodruff , R. E. and Hales , S. 2006 . Climate change and human health: Present and future risks . Lancet , 367 : 859 – 869 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medema , G. J. , van Asperen , I. A. and Havelaar , A. H. 1997 . Assessment of the exposure of swimmers to microbiological contaminants in fresh waters . Water Sci. Technol. , 35 : 157 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merbecks , S.-S. , Beier , D. , Gruschwitz , A. , Müller , L. and Partisch , M. 2004 . Increase of norovirus cases due to drinking water contamination . RKI Epidemiologisches Bulletin. ,
   Google Scholar
• Miettinen , M. K. , Siitonen , A. , Heiskanen , P. , Haajanen , H. , Bjorkroth , K. J. and Korkeala , H. J. 1999 . Molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of febrile gastroenteritis caused by Listeria monocytogenes in cold-smoked rainbow trout . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 37 : 2358 – 2360 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miossec , L. , Le Guyader , F. , Haugarreau , L. and Pommepuy , M. 2000 . Magnitude of rainfall on viral contamination of the marine environment during gastroenteritis epidemics in human coastal population . Rev. Epidemiol. Sante Publique , 48 ( Suppl 2 ) : S62 – S71 .
   Google Scholar
• Musen , M. A. 1992 . Dimensions of knowledge sharing and reuse . Computers and Biomedical Research , 25 : 435 – 467 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nasser , A. M. , Zaruk , N. , Tenenbaum , L. and Netzan , Y. 2003 . Comparative survival of Cryptosporidium, coxsackievirus A9 and Escherichia coli in stream, brackish and sea waters . Water Sci. Technol. , 47 ( 3 ) : 91 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naumova , E. N. , Jagai , J. S. , Matyas , B. , DeMaria , A. Jr. , MacNeill , I. B. and Griffiths , J. K. 2007 . Seasonality in six enterically transmitted diseases and ambient temperature . Epidemiol. Infect. , 135 : 281 – 292 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nygard , K. , Andersson , Y. , Rottingen , J. A. , Svensson , A. , Lindback , J. , Kistemann , T. and Giesecke , J. 2004 . Association between environmental risk factors and Campylobacter infections in Sweden . Epidemiol. Infect. , 132 : 317 – 325 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nygard , K. , Torven , M. , Ancker , C. , Knauth , S. B. , Hedlund , K. O. Giesecke , J. 2003 . Emerging genotype (GGIIb) of Norovirus in drinking water, Sweden . Emerg. Infect. Dis. , 9 : 1548 – 1552 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obiri-Danso , K. and Jones , K. 1999 . Distribution and seasonality of microbial indicators and thermophilic Campylobacters in two freshwater bathing sites on the River Lune in north-west England . J. Appl. Microbiol. , 87 : 822 – 832 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okafo , C. N. , Umoh , V. J. and Galadima , M. 2003 . Occurrence of pathogens on vegetables harvested from soils irrigated with contaminated streams . Sci. Total Environ. , 311 : 49 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer , S. R. , Gully , P. R. , White , J. M. , Pearson , A. D. , Suckling , W. G. Jones , D. M. 1983 . Waterborne outbreak of Campylobacter gastroenteritis . Lancet , 1 ( 8319 ) : 287 – 290 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick , M. E. , Christiansen , L. E. , Waino , M. , Ethelberg , S. , Madsen , H. and Wegener , H. C. 2004 . Effects of climate on incidence of Campylobacter spp. in humans and prevalence in broiler flocks in Denmark . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 70 : 7474 – 7480 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paz , S. , Bisharat , N. , Paz , E. , Kidar , O. and Cohen , D. 2007 . Climate change and the emergence of Vibrio vulnificus disease in Israel . Environ. Res. , 103 : 390 – 396 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pebody , R. G. , Ryan , M. J. and Wall , P. G. 1997 . Outbreaks of Campylobacter infection: Rare events for a common pathogen . Commun. Dis. Rep. CDR Rev. , 7 ( 3 ) : R33 – R37 .
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen , K. D. and Larsen , J. L. 1997 . Vibrio damsela associated with diseased fish in Denmark . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 63 : 3711 – 3715 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pusch , D. , Oh , D. Y. , Wolf , S. , Dumke , R. , Schroter-Bobsin , U. Hohne , M. 2005 . Detection of enteric viruses and bacterial indicators in German environmental waters . Arch. Virol. , 150 : 929 – 947 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randa , M. A. , Polz , M. F. and Lim , E. 2004 . Effects of temperature and salinity on Vibrio vulnificus population dynamics as assessed by quantitavie PCR . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 70 : 5469 – 5476 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rechenburg , A. and Kistemann , T. 2009 . Sewage effluent as a source of Campylobacter sp. in a surface water catchment . Int. J. Environ. Health Res. , 19 : 239 – 249 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rorvik , L. M. , Aase , B. , Alvestad , T. and Caugant , D. A. 2000 . Molecular epidemiological survey of Listeria monocytogenes in seafoods and seafood-processing plants . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 66 : 4779 – 4784 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose , J. B. , Epstein , P. R. , Lipp , E. K. , Sherman , B. H. , Bernard , S. M. and Patz , J. A. 2001 . Climate variability and change in the United States: potential impacts on water and foodborne diseases caused by microbiologic agents . Environ. Health Perspect. , 109 ( Suppl 2 ) : 211 – 221 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose , J. B. , Huffman , D. E. and Gennaccaro , A. 2002 . Risk and control of waterborne cryptosporidiosis . FEMS Microbiol. Rev. , 26 : 113 – 123 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savill , M. G. , Hudson , J. A. , Ball , A. , Klena , J. D. , Scholes , P. , Whyte , R. J. , McCormick , R. E. and Jankovic , D. 2001 . Enumeration of Campylobacter in New Zealand recreational and drinking waters . J. Appl. Microbiol. , 91 : 38 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schär , C. , Vidale , P. L. , Lüthi , D. , Frei , C. , Häberli , C. , Liniger , M. A. and Appenzeller , C. 2004 . The role of increasing temperature variability in European summer heatwaves . Nature , 427 ( 6972 ) : 332 – 336 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semenza , J. C. , Höser , C. , Herbst , S. , Rechenburg , A. , Suk , J. E. , Frechen , T. and Kistemann , T. 2012 . Knowledge mapping for climate change and food and waterborne diseases . Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Tech. , 42 : 378 – 411 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semenza , J. C. and Menne , B. 2009 . Climate change and infectious diseases in Europe . Lancet ID , 9 : 365 – 375 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semenza , J. C. and Nichols , G. 2007 . Cryptosporidiosis surveillance and water-borne outbreaks in Europe . Euro.Surveill. , 12 ( 5 ) : 1 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Semenza , J. C. , Roberts , L. , Henderson , A. , Bogan , J. and Rubin , C. H. 1998 . Water distribution system and diarrheal disease transmission: A case study in Uzbekistan . American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene , 59 : 941 – 946 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi , X. , Namvar , A. , Kostrzynska , M. , Hora , R. and Warriner , K. 2007 . Persistence and growth of different Salmonella serovars on pre- and post-harvest tomatoes . J. Food Protect. , 70 : 2725 – 2731 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sillmann , J. and Roeckner , E. 2008 . Indices of extreme events in projections of anthropogenic climate change . Climatic Change , 86 : 83 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , A. , Reacher , M. , Smerdon , W. , Adak , G. K. , Nichols , G. and Chalmers , R. M. 2006 . Outbreaks of waterborne infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales, 1992–2003 . Epidemiol. Infect. , 134 : 1141 – 1149 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sopwith , W. , Osborn , K. , Chalmers , R. and Regan , M. 2005 . The changing epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in North-West England . Epidemiol. Infect. , 133 : 785 – 793 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tauxe , R. T. 1997 . Emerging foodborne diseases: An evolving public health challenge . Emerg. Infect. Dis. , 3 : 425 – 434 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , J. W. , Gary , G. W. Jr. and Greenberg , H. B. 1981 . Norwalk-related viral gastroenteritis due to contaminated drinking water . Am. J. Epidemiol. , 114 : 584 – 592 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change . 2007 . Article 1 , Retrieved from http://unfccc.int/2860.php
   Google Scholar
• van der Poel , W. H. , van der Heide , R. , Verschoor , F. , Gelderblom , H. , Vinje , J. and Koopmans , M. P. 2003 . Epidemiology of Norwalk-like virus infections in cattle in the Netherlands . Vet. Microbiol. , 92 : 297 – 309 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Pelt , W. , Mevius , D. , Stoelhorst , H. G. , Kovats , S. , van de Giessen , A. W. Wannet , W. 2004 . A large increase in Salmonella infections in 2003 in the Netherlands: Hot summer or side effect of the avian influenza outbreak? . Euro. Surveill. , 9 ( 7 ) : 17 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Vereen , E. Jr. , Lowrance , R. R. , Cole , D. J. and Lipp , E. K. 2007 . Distribution and ecology of Campylobacters in coastal plain streams (Georgia, United States of America) . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 73 : 1395 – 1403 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visualization Lab . 2010 . Flare: Sample dependency graph Retrieved from http://flare.prefuse.org/apps/dependency_graph
   Google Scholar
• Wang , Q. H. , Souza , M. , Funk , J. A. , Zhang , W. and Saif , L. J. 2006 . Prevalence of noroviruses and sapoviruses in swine of various ages determined by reverse transcription-PCR and microwell hybridization assays . J. Clin. Microbiol. , 44 : 2057 – 2062 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . 2008 . Protecting health in Europe from climate change , Geneva , , Switzerland : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar