Field trials of phytomining and phytoremediation: A critical review of influencing factors and effects of additives

References

• Abhilash, P. C., & Singh, N. (2010). Withania somnifera Dunal-mediated dissipation of lindane from simulated soil: Implications for rhizoremediation of contaminated soil. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 10(2), 272–282. doi:10.1007/s11368-009-0085-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akter, A., & Ali, M. H. (2011). Arsenic contamination in groundwater and its proposed remedial measures. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 8(2), 433–443. doi:10.1007/BF03326230
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Ahmad, H., Galili, S., & Gressel, J. (2004). Tandem constructs to mitigate transgene persistence: Tobacco as a model. Molecular Ecology, 13(3), 697–710. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2004.02092.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An, L. Y., Pan, Y. H., Wang, Z. B., & Zhu, C. (2011). Heavy metal absorption status of five plant species in monoculture and intercropping. Plant and Soil, 345(1-2), 237–245. doi:10.1007/s11104-011-0775-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, C., Moreno, F., & Meech, J. (2005). A field demonstration of gold phytoextraction technology. Minerals Engineering, 18(4), 385–392. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2004.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson-Skold, Y., Bardos, P., Chalot, M., Bert, V., Crutu, G., Phanthavongsa, P., … Cundy, A. B. (2014). Developing and validating a practical decision support tool (DST) for biomass selection on marginal land. Journal of Environmental Management, 145, 113–121. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aronsson, P., Dahlin, T., & Dimitriou, I. (2010). Treatment of landfill leachate by irrigation of willow coppice – Plant response and treatment efficiency. Environmental Pollution, 158(3), 795–804. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.10.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashraf, S., Ali, Q., Zahir, Z. A., Ashraf, S., & Asghar, H. N. (2019). Phytoremediation: Environmentally sustainable way for reclamation of heavy metal polluted soils. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 174, 714–727. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azzi, V., Kanso, A., Kazpard, V., Kobeissi, A., Lartiges, B., & El Samrani, A. (2017). Lactuca sativa growth in compacted and non-compacted semi-arid alkaline soil under phosphate fertilizer treatment and cadmium contamination. Soil and Tillage Research, 165, 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.still.2016.07.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bani, A., Echevarria, G., Sulce, S., & Morel, J. L. (2015). Improving the agronomy of alyssum murale for extensive phytomining: A five-year field study. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 17(2), 117–127. doi:10.1080/15226514.2013.862204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bani, A., Echevarria, G., Zhang, X., Benizri, E., Laubie, B., Morel, J. L., & Simonnot, M. O. (2015). The effect of plant density in nickel-phytomining field experiments with Alyssum murale in Albania. Australian Journal of Botany, 63(2), 72–77. doi:10.1071/BT14285
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bañuelos, G., Terry, N., Leduc, D. L., Pilon-Smits, E. A. H., & Mackey, B. (2005). Field trial of transgenic Indian mustard plants shows enhanced phytoremediation of selenium-contaminated sediment. Environmental Science & Technology, 39(6), 1771–1777. doi:10.1021/es049035f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barabasz, A., Mills, R. F., Trojanowska, E., Williams, L. E., & Antosiewicz, D. M. (2011). Expression of AtECA3 in tobacco modifies its responses to manganese, zinc and calcium. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 72(2), 202–209. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.03.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bareen, F. E., & Tahira, S. A. (2011). Metal accumulation potential of wild plants in tannery effluent contaminated soil of Kasur, Pakistan: Field trials for toxic metal cleanup using Suaeda fruticosa. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186(1), 443–450. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum, C., Hrynkiewicz, K., Leinweber, P., & Meißner, R. (2006). Heavy-metal mobilization and uptake by mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal willows (Salix x dasyclados). Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 169(4), 516–522. doi:10.1002/jpln.200521925
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begon, M., Harper, J. L., & Townsend, C. R. (1996). Ecology: Individuals, populations, and communities (3rd ed.). Oxford, UK; Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Science.
   Google Scholar
• Bhargava, A., Carmona, F. F., Bhargava, M., & Srivastava, S. (2012). Approaches for enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals. Journal of Environmental Management, 105, 103–120. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.04.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhuiyan, M. S. I., Raman, A., & Hodgkins, D. S. (2017). Plants in remediating salinity-affected agricultural landscapes. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy, 83(1), 51–66. doi:10.16943/ptinsa/2016/48857
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bissonnette, L., St-Arnaud, M., & Labrecque, M. (2010). Phytoextraction of heavy metals by two Salicaceae clones in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during the second year of a field trial. Plant and Soil, 332(1-2), 55–67. doi:10.1007/s11104-009-0273-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blissett, R. S., & Rowson, N. A. (2012). A review of the multi-component utilisation of coal fly ash. Fuel, 97, 1–23. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.03.024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunetti, G., Farrag, K., Soler-Rovira, P., Nigro, F., & Senesi, N. (2011). Greenhouse and field studies on Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn phytoextraction by Brassica napus from contaminated soils in the Apulia region, Southern Italy. Geoderma, 160(3-4), 517–523. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camelo, L. G. D., deMiguez, S. R., & Marban, L. (1997). Heavy metals input with phosphate fertilizers used in Argentina. Science of the Total Environment, 204(3), 245–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho, C. F. M. D., Viana, D. G., Pires, F. R., Egreja Filho, F. B., Bonomo, R., Martins, L. F., … Rocha Júnior, P. R. D. (2019). Phytoremediation of barium-affected flooded soils using single and intercropping cultivation of aquatic macrophytes. Chemosphere, 214, 10–16. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castiglione, S., Todeschini, V., Franchin, C., Torrigiani, P., Gastaldi, D., Cicatelli, A., … Lingua, G. (2009). Clonal differences in survival capacity, copper and zinc accumulation, and correlation with leaf polyamine levels in poplar: A large-scale field trial on heavily polluted soil. Environmental Pollution, 157(7), 2108–2117. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.02.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaney, R. (1983). Plant uptake of inorganic waste constituents. In J. F. Patt, P. B. Marsh, & J. M. Kla (Eds.), Land treatment of hazardous wastes (pp. 50–76). Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Data Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Chaney, R. L., Angle, J. S., Broadhurst, C. L., Peters, C. A., Tappero, R. V., & Sparks, D. L. (2007). Improved understanding of hyperaccumulation yields commercial phytoextraction and phytomining technologies. Journal of Environment Quality, 36(5), 1429–1443. doi:10.2134/jeq2006.0514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, P., Gerhardt, K. E., Huang, X. D., Yu, X. M., Glick, B. R., Gerwing, P. D., & Greenberg, B. M. (2014). Plant Growth-promoting bacteria facilitate the growth of barley and oats in salt-impacted soil: Implications for phytoremediation of saline soils. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 16(11), 1133–1147. doi:10.1080/15226514.2013.821447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Che-Castaldo, J. P., & Inouye, D. W. (2015). Interspecific competition between a non-native metal-hyperaccumulating plant (Noccaea caerulescens, Brassicaceae) and a native congener across a soil-metal gradient. Australian Journal of Botany, 63(2), 141–151. doi:10.1071/BT15045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J., Li, S., Xu, B., Su, C., Jiang, Q., Zhou, C., … Xiao, M. (2017). Characterization of Burkholderia sp. XTB-5 for phenol degradation and plant growth promotion and its application in bioremediation of contaminated soil. Land Degradation & Development, 28(3), 1091–1099. doi:10.1002/ldr.2646
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, T., Li, H., Lei, M., Wu, B., Song, B., & Zhang, X. (2010). Accumulation of N, P and K in Pteris vittata L. during phytoremediation: A five-year field study. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 30(2), 402–408.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, Y., Ding, Q., Chao, Y., Wei, X., Wang, S., & Qiu, R. (2018). Structural development and assembly patterns of the. root-associated microbiomes during phytoremediation. Science of the Total Environment, 644, 1591–1601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chintakovid, W., Visoottiviseth, P., Khokiattiwong, S., & Lauengsuchonkul, S. (2008). Potential of the hybrid marigolds for arsenic phytoremediation and income generation of remediators in Ron Phibun District, Thailand. Chemosphere, 70(8), 1532–1537. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.08.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, J.-W., Tillman, F. D., & Smith, J. A. (2002). Relative importance of gas-phase diffusive and advective trichloroethene (TCE) fluxes in the unsaturated zone under natural conditions. Environmental Science & Technology, 36, 3157–3164. doi:10.1021/es011348c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cicatelli, A., Torrigiani, P., Todeschini, V., Biondi, S., Castiglione, S., & Lingua, G. (2014). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as a tool to ameliorate the phytoremediation potential of poplar: Biochemical and molecular aspects. Iforest – Biogeosciences and Forestry, 7(5), 333–341. doi:10.3832/ifor1045-007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correa-Garcia, S., Pande, P., Seguin, A., St-Arnaud, M., & Yergeau, E. (2018). Rhizoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons: A model system for plant microbiome manipulation. Microbial Biotechnology, 11(5), 819–832. doi:10.1111/1751-7915.13303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courchesne, F., Turmel, M. C., Cloutier-Hurteau, B., Constantineau, S., Munro, L., & Labrecque, M. (2017). Phytoextraction of soil trace elements by willow during a phytoremediation trial in Southern Québec, Canada. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 19(6), 545–554. doi:10.1080/15226514.2016.1267700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• da Silva, E. B., Lessl, J. T., Wilkie, A. C., Liu, X., Liu, Y. G., & Ma, L. N. Q. (2018). Arsenic removal by As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata from two contaminated soils: A 5-year study. Chemosphere, 206, 736–741. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• da Silva, E. B., Mussoline, W. A., Wilkie, A. C., & Ma, L. Q. (2019). Anaerobic digestion to reduce biomass and remove arsenic from As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. Environmental Pollution, 250, 23–28. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davison, J. (2005). Risk mitigation of genetically modified bacteria and plants designed for bioremediation. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 32(11-12), 639–650. doi:10.1007/s10295-005-0242-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• del Amor, F. M., & Cuadra-Crespo, P. (2012). Plant growth-promoting bacteria as a tool to improve salinity tolerance in sweet pepper. Functional Plant Biology, 39(1), 82–90. doi:10.1071/FP11173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickinson, N., Baker, A., Doronila, A., Laidlaw, S., & Reeves, R. (2009). Phytoremediation of inorganics: Realism and synergies. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 11(2), 97–114. doi:10.1080/15226510802378368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doty, S. L., Freeman, J. L., Cohu, C. M., Burken, J. G., Firrincieli, A., Simon, A., … Blaylock, M. J. (2017). Enhanced degradation of TCE on a superfund site using endophyte-assisted poplar tree phytoremediation. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(17), 10050–10058. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b01504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doucette, W., Klein, H., Chard, J., Dupont, R., Plaehn, W., & Bugbee, B. (2013). Volatilization of trichloroethylene from trees and soil: Measurement and scaling approaches. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(11), 5813–5820. doi:10.1021/es304115c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duchini, P. G., Guzatti, G. C., Ribeiro, H. M. N., & Sbrissia, A. F. (2014). Tiller size/density compensation in temperate climate grasses grown in monoculture or in intercropping systems under intermittent grazing. Grass and Forage Science, 69(4), 655–665. doi:10.1111/gfs.12095
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EEA. (2018). Industrial pollution in Europe.
   Google Scholar
• Eevers, N., Hawthorne, J. R., White, J. C., Vangronsveld, J., & Weyens, N. (2018). Endophyte-enhanced phytoremediation of DDE-contaminated using Cucurbita pepo: A field trial. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 20(4), 301–310. doi:10.1080/15226514.2017.1377150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enell, A., Andersson-Sköld, Y., Vestin, J., & Wagelmans, M. (2016). Risk management and regeneration of brownfields using bioenergy crops. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 16(3), 987–1000. doi:10.1007/s11368-015-1264-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, W., Guo, Q., Liu, C. Y., Liu, X. Q., Zhang, M., Long, D. P., … Zhao, A. C. (2018). Two mulberry phytochelatin synthase genes confer zinc/cadmium tolerance and accumulation in transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco. Gene, 645, 95–104. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrag, K., Senesi, N., Rovira, P. S., & Brunetti, G. (2012). Effects of selected soil properties on phytoremediation applicability for heavy-metal-contaminated soils in the Apulia region, Southern Italy. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184(11), 6593–6606. doi:10.1007/s10661-011-2444-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fladung, M., & Hoenicka, H. (2012). Fifteen years of forest tree biosafety research in Germany. Iforest – Biogeosciences and Forestry, 5(1), 126–130. doi:10.3832/ifor0619-005
   Google Scholar
• Friesl-Hanl, W., Platzer, K., Horak, O., & Gerzabek, M. H. (2009). Immobilising of Cd, Pb, and Zn contaminated arable soils close to a former Pb/Zn smelter: A field study in Austria over 5 years. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 31(5), 581–594. doi:10.1007/s10653-009-9256-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galende, M. A., Becerril, J. M., Barrutia, O., Artetxe, U., Garbisu, C., & Hernández, A. (2014). Field assessment of the effectiveness of organic amendments for aided phytostabilization of a Pb-Zn contaminated mine soil. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 145, 181–189. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.06.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamalero, E., Cesaro, P., Cicatelli, A., Todeschini, V., Musso, C., Castiglione, S., … Lingua, G. (2012). Poplar clones of different sizes, grown on a heavy metal polluted site, are associated with microbial populations of varying composition. Science of the Total Environment, 425, 262–270. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerhardt, K. E., MacNeill, G. J., Gerwing, P. D., & Greenberg, B. M. (2017). Phytoremediation of salt-impacted soils and use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to enhance phytoremediation Phytoremediation. Management of Environmental Contaminants, 5, 19–51.
   Google Scholar
• Germaine, K. J., Byrne, J., Liu, X., Keohane, J., Culhane, J., Lally, R. D., … Dowling, D. N. (2015). Ecopiling: A combined phytoremediation and passive biopiling system for remediating hydrocarbon impacted soils at field scale. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5. doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gopalakrishnan, G., Burken, J. G., & Werth, C. J. (2009). Lignin and lipid impact on sorption and diffusion of trichloroethylene in tree branches for determining contaminant fate during plant sampling and phytoremediation. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(15), 5732–5738. doi:10.1021/es9006417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grobelak, A., Placek, A., Grosser, A., Singh, B. R., Almås, Å. R., Napora, A., & Kacprzak, M. (2017). Effects of single sewage sludge application on soil phytoremediation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 155, 189–197. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gucwa-Przepióra, E., Małkowski, E., Sas-Nowosielska, A., Kucharski, R., Krzyżak, J., Kita, A., & Römkens, P. F. A. M. (2007). Effect of chemophytostabilization practices on arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization of Deschampsia cespitosa ecotype Waryński at different soil depths. Environmental Pollution, 150(3), 338–346. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guidi Nissim, W., & Labrecque, M. (2016). Planting microcuttings: An innovative method for establishing a willow vegetation cover. Ecological Engineering, 91, 472–476. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.03.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haque, S., Zeyaullah, M., Nabi, G., Srivastava, P. S., & Ali, A. (2010). Transgenic tobacco plant expressing environmental E. coli merA gene for enhanced volatilization of ionic mercury. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 20(5), 917–924. doi:10.4014/jmb.1002.02001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, Y. J., Langenhoff, A. A. M., Sutton, N. B., Rijnaarts, H. H. M., Blokland, M. H., Chen, F. R., … Schroder, P. (2017). Metabolism of ibuprofen by Phragmites australis: Uptake and phytodegradation. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(8), 4576–4584. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b00458
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herzig, R., Nehnevajova, E., Pfistner, C., Schwitzguebel, J. P., Ricci, A., & Keller, C. (2014). Feasibility of labile zn phytoextraction using enhanced tobacco and sunflower: Results of five- and one-year field-scale experiments in Switzerland. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 16(7-8), 735–754. doi:10.1080/15226514.2013.856846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou, D., & Ok, Y. S. (2019). Soil pollution – Speed up global mapping. Nature, 566(7745), 455–455. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00669-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou, D. Y., & Al-Tabbaa, A. (2014). Sustainability: A new imperative in contaminated land remediation. Environmental Science & Policy, 39, 25–34. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2014.02.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou, D. Y., Al-Tabbaa, A., Guthrie, P., Hellings, J., & Gu, Q. B. (2014). Using a hybrid LCA method to evaluate the sustainability of sediment remediation at the London Olympic Park. Journal of Cleaner Production, 83, 87–95. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.07.062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou, D. Y., Ding, Z. Y., Li, G. H., Wu, L. H., Hu, P. J., Guo, G. L., … Wang, X. H. (2018). A sustainability assessment framework for agricultural land remediation in China. Land Degradation & Development, 29(4), 1005–1018. doi:10.1002/ldr.2748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou, D. Y., Qi, S. Q., Zhao, B., Rigby, M., & O'Connor, D. (2017). Incorporating life cycle assessment with health risk assessment to select the 'greenest' cleanup level for Pb contaminated soil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 162, 1157–1168. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.135
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou, D. Y., Song, Y. N., Zhang, J. L., Hou, M., O'Connor, D., & Harclerode, M. (2018). Climate change mitigation potential of contaminated land redevelopment: A city-level assessment method. Journal of Cleaner Production, 171, 1396–1406. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.071
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, N., Lang, T., Ding, D. X., Hu, J. S., Li, C. W., Zhang, H., & Li, G. Y. (2019). Enhancement of repeated applications of chelates on phytoremediation of uranium contaminated soil by Macleaya cordata. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 199-200, 58–65. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.12.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Z. H., Zhuo, F., Jing, S. H., Li, X., Yan, T. X., Lei, L. L., … Jing, Y. X. (2019). Combined application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and steel slag improves plant growth and reduces Cd, Pb accumulation in Zea mays. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 21(9), 857–865. doi:10.1080/15226514.2019.1577355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, H., Yao, W. L., Li, R. H., Ali, A., Du, J., Guo, D., … Awasthi, M. K. (2018). Effect of pyrolysis temperature on chemical form, behavior and environmental risk of Zn, Pb and Cd in biochar produced from phytoremediation residue. Bioresource Technology, 249, 487–493. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussein, S., Ruiz, O. N., Terry, N., & Daniell, H. (2007). Phytoremediation of mercury and organomercurials in chloroplast transgenic plants: Enhanced root uptake, translocation to shoots, and volatilization. Environmental Science & Technology, 41(24), 8439–8446. doi:10.1021/es070908q
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs, A., De Brabandere, L., Drouet, T., Sterckeman, T., & Noret, N. (2018). Phytoextraction of Cd and Zn with Noccaea caerulescens for urban soil remediation: Influence of nitrogen fertilization and planting density. Ecological Engineering, 116, 178–187. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.03.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs, A., Drouet, T., & Noret, N. (2018). Field evaluation of cultural cycles for improved cadmium and zinc phytoextraction with Noccaea caerulescens. Plant and Soil, 430(1-2), 381–394. doi:10.1007/s11104-018-3734-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs, A., Drouet, T., Sterckeman, T., & Noret, N. (2017). Phytoremediation of urban soils contaminated with trace metals using Noccaea caerulescens: Comparing non-metallicolous populations to the metallicolous ‘Ganges’ in field trials. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(9), 8176–8188. doi:10.1007/s11356-017-8504-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs, A., Noret, N., Van Baekel, A., Lienard, A., Colinet, G., & Drouet, T. (2019). Influence of edaphic conditions and nitrogen fertilizers on cadmium and zinc phytoextraction efficiency of Noccaea caerulescens. Science of the Total Environment, 665, 649–659. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji, P., Sun, T., Song, Y., Ackland, M. L., & Liu, Y. (2011). Strategies for enhancing the phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated agricultural soils by Solanum nigrum L. Environmental Pollution, 159(3), 762–768. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2010.11.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia, X., O'Connor, D., Hou, D., Jin, Y., Li, G., Zheng, C., … Luo, J. (2019). Groundwater depletion and contamination: Spatial distribution of groundwater resources sustainability in China. Science of the Total Environment, 672, 551–562. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabouw, P., van Dam, N. M., van der Putten, W. H., & Biere, A. (2012). How genetic modification of roots affects rhizosphere processes and plant performance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63(9), 3475–3483. doi:10.1093/jxb/err399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kebeish, R., Azab, E., Peterhaensel, C., & El-Basheer, R. (2014). Engineering the metabolism of the phenylurea herbicide chlortoluron in genetically modified Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing the mammalian cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP1A2. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(13), 8224–8232. doi:10.1007/s11356-014-2710-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidd, P., Mench, M., Álvarez-López, V., Bert, V., Dimitriou, I., Friesl-Hanl, W., … Puschenreiter, M. (2015). Agronomic practices for improving gentle remediation of trace element-contaminated soils. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 17(11), 1005–1037. doi:10.1080/15226514.2014.1003788
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiiskila, J. D., Das, P., Sarkar, D., & Datta, R. (2015). Phytoremediation of explosive-contaminated soils. Current Pollution Reports, 1(1), 23–34. doi:10.1007/s40726-015-0003-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolbas, A., Kolbas, N., Marchand, L., Herzig, R., & Mench, M. (2018). Morphological and functional responses of a metal-tolerant sunflower mutant line to a copper-contaminated soil series. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(17), 16686–16701. doi:10.1007/s11356-018-1837-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolbas, A., Mench, M., Herzig, R., Nehnevajova, E., & Bes, C. M. (2011). Copper phytoextraction in tandem with oilseed production using commercial cultivars and mutant lines of sunflower. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 13(Suppl.1), 55–76. doi:10.1080/15226514.2011.568536
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koppolu, L., Prasad, R., & Clements, L. D. (2004). Pyrolysis as a technique for separating heavy metals from hyperaccumulators. Part III: Pilot-scale pyrolysis of synthetic hyperaccumulator biomass. Biomass and Bioenergy, 26(5), 463–472. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2003.08.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumpiene, J., Antelo, J., Brännvall, E., Carabante, I., Ek, K., Komárek, M., … Wårell, L. (2019). In situ chemical stabilization of trace element-contaminated soil – Field demonstrations and barriers to transition from laboratory to the field – A review. Applied Geochemistry, 100, 335–351. doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambers, H., Chapin, F. S., III, & Pons, T. L. (2008). Plant physiological ecology (2nd ed.). New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Lebrun, M., Miard, F., Nandillon, R., Scippa, G. S., Bourgerie, S., & Morabito, D. (2019). Biochar effect associated with compost and iron to promote Pb and As soil stabilization and Salix viminalis L. growth. Chemosphere, 222, 810–822. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legault, E. K., James, C. A., Stewart, K., Muiznieks, I., Doty, S. L., & Strand, S. E. (2017). A field trial of TCE Phytoremediation by genetically modified poplars expressing cytochrome P450 2E1. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(11), 6090–6099. doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b04758
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehoux, A. P., Lockwood, C. L., Mayes, W. M., Stewart, D. I., Mortimer, R. J. G., Gruiz, K., & Burke, I. T. (2013). Gypsum addition to soils contaminated by red mud: Implications for aluminium, arsenic, molybdenum and vanadium solubility. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 35(5), 643–656. doi:10.1007/s10653-013-9547-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei, M., Wan, X. M., Guo, G. H., Yang, J. X., & Chen, T. B. (2018). Phytoextraction of arsenic-contaminated soil with Pteris vittata in Henan Province, China: Comprehensive evaluation of remediation efficiency correcting for atmospheric depositions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(1), 124–131. doi:10.1007/s11356-016-8184-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leon-Romero, M. A., Soto-Rios, P. C., Nomura, M., & Nishimura, O. (2018). Effect of steel slag to improve soil quality of Tsunami-impacted land while reducing the risk of heavy metal bioaccumulation. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 229(1)p, 14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lessl, J. T., Luo, J., & Ma, L. Q. (2014). Pteris vittata continuously removed arsenic from non-labile fraction in three contaminated-soils during 3.5 years of phytoextraction. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 279, 485–492. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J., Sun, Y., Yin, Y., Ji, R., Wu, J., Wang, X., & Guo, H. (2010). Ethyl lactate-EDTA composite system enhances the remediation of the cadmium-contaminated soil by Autochthonous Willow (Salix × aureo-pendula CL 'J1011') in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 181(1-3), 673–678. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J. T., Liao, B., Dai, Z. Y., Zhu, R., & Shu, W. S. (2009). Phytoextraction of Cd-contaminated soil by carambola (Averrhoa carambola) in field trials. Chemosphere, 76(9), 1233–1239. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.05.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, N. Y., Guo, B., Li, H., Fu, Q. L., Feng, R. W., & Ding, Y. Z. (2016). Effects of double harvesting on heavy metal uptake by six forage species and the potential for phytoextraction in field. Pedosphere, 26(5), 717–724. doi:10.1016/S1002-0160(15)60082-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y. M., Chaney, R., Brewer, E., Roseberg, R., Angle, J. S., Baker, A., … Nelkin, J. (2003). Development of a technology for commercial phytoextraction of nickel: Economic and technical considerations. Plant and Soil, 249(1), 107–115. doi:10.1023/A:1022527330401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Z. Y., Yang, S. X., Peng, X. Z., Li, F. M., Liu, J., Shu, H. Y., … Li, J. T. (2018). Field comparison of the effectiveness of agricultural and nonagricultural organic wastes for aided phytostabilization of a Pb-Zn mine tailings pond in Hunan Province, China. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 20(12), 1264–1273. doi:10.1080/15226514.2018.1474434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, T. Y., Wei, C. C., Huang, C. W., Chang, C. H., Hsu, F. L., & Liao, V. H. C. (2016). Both phosphorus fertilizers and indigenous bacteria enhance arsenic release into groundwater in arsenic-contaminated aquifers. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 64(11), 2214–2222. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, D. L., An, Z. G., Mao, Z. J., Ma, L. B., & Lu, Z. Q. (2015). Enhanced heavy metal tolerance and accumulation by transgenic sugar beets expressing Streptococcus thermophilus StGCS-GS in the presence of Cd, Zn and Cu alone or in combination. Plos One, 10(6), 15. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128824
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopareva-Pohu, A., Pourrut, B., Waterlot, C., Garçon, G., Bidar, G., Pruvot, C., … Douay, F. (2011). Assessment of fly ash-aided phytostabilisation of highly contaminated soils after an 8-year field trial. Part 1. Influence on soil parameters and metal extractability. Science of the Total Environment, 409(3), 647–654. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.10.040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lord, R. A. (2015). Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) outperforms Miscanthus or willow on marginal soils, brownfield and non-agricultural sites for local, sustainable energy crop production. Biomass and Bioenergy, 78, 110–125. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.04.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, H., Li, Z., Fu, S., Méndez, A., Gascó, G., & Paz-Ferreiro, J. (2015). Combining phytoextraction and biochar addition improves soil biochemical properties in a soil contaminated with Cd. Chemosphere, 119, 209–216. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyyra, S., Meagher, R. B., Kim, T., Heaton, A., Montello, P., Balish, R. S., & Merkle, S. A. (2007). Coupling two mercury resistance genes in Eastern cottonwood enhances the processing of organomercury. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 5(2), 254–262. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2006.00236.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, J., Lei, E., Lei, M., Liu, Y. H., & Chen, T. B. (2018). Remediation of Arsenic contaminated soil using malposed intercropping of Pteris vittata L. and maize. Chemosphere, 194, 737–744. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, L. Q., Komar, K. M., Tu, C., Zhang, W., Cai, Y., & Kennelley, E. D. (2001). A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic. Nature, 409(6820), 579–579. doi:10.1038/35054664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackenzie, A., Ball, A. S., Virdee, S. R., Mackenzie, A., Ball, A. S., & Virdee, S. R. (2001). Instant notes series. Ecology (2nd ed.). New York, NY: BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Mains, D., Craw, D., Rufaut, C., & Smith, C. (2006). Phytostabilization of gold mine tailings from New Zealand. Part 2: Experimental evaluation of arsenic mobilization during revegetation. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 8(2), 163–183. doi:10.1080/15226510600742559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marr, L. C., Booth, E. C., Andersen, R. G., Widdowson, M. A., & Novak, J. T. (2006). Direct volatilization of naphthalene to the atmosphere at a phytoremediation site. Environmental Science & Technology, 40, 5560–5566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathakutha, R., Steyn, C., Le Roux, P. C., Blom, I. J., Chown, S. L., Daru, B. H., … Greve, M. (2019). Invasive species differ in key functional traits from native and non-invasive alien plant species. Journal of Vegetation Science, 30(5), 994-1006. doi:10.1111/jvs.12772
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsui, K., Togami, J., Mason, J. G., Chandler, S. F., & Tanaka, Y. (2013). Enhancement of phosphate absorption by garden plants by genetic engineering: A new tool for phytoremediation. Biomed Research International, 7. doi:10.1155/2013/182032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxted, A. P., Black, C. R., West, H. M., Crout, N. M. J., McGrath, S. P., & Young, S. D. (2007). Phytoextraction of cadmium and zinc from arable soils amended with sewage sludge using Thlaspi caerulescens: Development of a predictive model. Environmental Pollution, 150(3), 363–372. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medas, D., De Giudici, G., Casu, M. A., Musu, E., Gianoncelli, A., Iadecola, A., … Lattanzi, P. (2015). Microscopic processes ruling the bioavailability of Zn to roots of Euphorbia pithyusa L. Pioneer plant. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(3), 1400–1408. doi:10.1021/es503842w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meeinkuirt, W., Kruatrachue, M., Tanhan, P., Chaiyarat, R., & Pokethitiyook, P. (2013). Phytostabilization potential of Pb mine tailings by two grass species, Thysanolaena maxima and Vetiveria zizanioides. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 224(10).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meeinkuirt, W., Pokethitiyook, P., Kruatrachue, M., Tanhan, P., & Chaiyarat, R. (2012). Phytostabilization of a Pb-contaminated mine tailing by various tree species in pot and field trial experiments. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 14(9), 925–938. doi:10.1080/15226514.2011.636403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meers, E., Van Slycken, S., Adriaensen, K., Ruttens, A., Vangronsveld, J., Du Laing, G., … Tack, F. M. G. (2010). The use of bio-energy crops (Zea mays) for 'phytoattenuation' of heavy metals on moderately contaminated soils: A field experiment. Chemosphere, 78(1), 35–41. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.08.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meissner, R., Bolze, S., Rupp, H., Baum, C., Zimmer, D., & Leinweber, P. (2009). Contamination of the Elbe River Floodplains and Testing of its Restoration by Phytoremediation. Wasserwirtschaft, 99(6), 30–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mench, M., Lepp, N., Bert, V., Schwitzguebel, J. P., Gawronski, S. W., Schroder, P., & Vangronsveld, J. (2010). Successes and limitations of phytotechnologies at field scale: Outcomes, assessment and outlook from COST Action 859. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 10(6), 1039–1070. doi:10.1007/s11368-010-0190-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mench, M. J., Dellise, M., Bes, C. M., Marchand, L., Kolbas, A., Coustumer, P. L., & Oustrière, N. (2018). Phytomanagement and remediation of cu-contaminated soils by high yielding crops at a former wood preservation site: Sunflower biomass and ionome. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 6(Sept). doi:10.3389/fevo.2018.00123
   Google Scholar
• Mendez, M. O., & Maier, R. M. (2008). Phytostabilization of mine tailings in arid and semiarid environments - An emerging remediation technology. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116(3), 278–283. doi:10.1289/ehp.10608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEP. (2014). National soil contamination survey report, China.
   Google Scholar
• Mishima, S. I., Kimura, R., & Inoue, T. (2004). Estimation of cadmium load on Japanese farmland associated with the application of chemical fertilizers and livestock excreta. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 50(2), 263–267. doi:10.1080/00380768.2004.10408476
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno, F. N., Anderson, C. W. N., Stewart, R. B., & Robinson, B. H. (2004). Phytoremediation of mercury-contaminated mine tailings by induced plant-mercury accumulation. Environmental Practice, 6(2), 165–175. doi:10.1017/S1466046604000274
   Google Scholar
• Morris, E. C., Griffiths, M., Golebiowska, A., Mairhofer, S., Burr-Hersey, J., Goh, T., … Bennett, M. J. (2017). Shaping 3D root system architecture. Current Biology, 27(17), R919–R930. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murakami, M., Nakagawa, F., Ae, N., Ito, M., & Arao, T. (2009). Phytoextraction by rice capable of accumulating Cd at high levels: Reduction of Cd content of rice grain. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(15), 5878–5883. doi:10.1021/es8036687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagata, T., Morita, H., Akizawa, T., & Pan-Hou, H. (2010). Development of a transgenic tobacco plant for phytoremediation of methylmercury pollution. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 87(2), 781–786. doi:10.1007/s00253-010-2572-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nahar, N., Rahman, A., Nawani, N. N., Ghosh, S., & Mandal, A. (2017). Phytoremediation of arsenic from the contaminated soil using transgenic tobacco plants expressing ACR2 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Plant Physiology, 218, 121–126. doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2017.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nausch, H., Sautter, C., Broer, I., & Schmidt, K. (2015). Public funded field trials with transgenic plants in Europe: A comparison between Germany and Switzerland. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 32, 171–178. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2014.12.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nejad, Z. D., Kim, J. W., & Jung, M. C. (2017). Reclamation of arsenic contaminated soils around mining site using solidification/stabilization combined with revegetation. Geosciences Journal, 21(3), 385–396. doi:10.1007/s12303-016-0059-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowack, B., Schulin, R., & Robinson, B. H. (2006). Critical assessment of chelant-enhanced metal phytoextraction. Environmental Science & Technology, 40(17), 5225–5232. doi:10.1021/es0604919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor, D., Hou, D. Y., Ok, Y. S., Mulder, J., Duan, L., Wu, Q. R., … Rinklebe, J. (2019). Mercury speciation, transformation, and transportation in soils, atmospheric flux, and implications for risk management: A critical review. Environment International, 126, 747–761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor, D., Pan, S., Shen, Z., Song, Y., Jin, Y., Wu, W.-M., & Hou, D. (2019). Microplastics undergo accelerated vertical migration in sand soil due to small size and wet-dry cycles. Environmental Pollution, 249, 527–534. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor, D., Peng, T. Y., Li, G. H., Wang, S. X., Duan, L., Mulder, J., … Hou, D. Y. (2018). Sulfur-modified rice husk biochar: A green method for the remediation of mercury contaminated soil. Science of the Total Environment, 621, 819–826. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor, D., Peng, T. Y., Zhang, J. L., Tsang, D. C. W., Alessi, D. S., Shen, Z. T., … Hou, D. Y. (2018). Biochar application for the remediation of heavy metal polluted land: A review of in situ field trials. Science of the Total Environment, 619, 815–826. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor, D., Zheng, X., Hou, D., Shen, Z., Li, G., Miao, G., … Guo, M. (2019). Phytoremediation: Climate change resilience and sustainability assessment at a coastal brownfield redevelopment. Environment International, 130, 104945. p doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.104945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohlson, M., & Staaland, H. (2001). Mineral diversity in wild plants: Benefits and bane for moose. Oikos, 94(3), 442–454. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.940307.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panda, D., Panda, D., Padhan, B., & Biswas, M. (2018). Growth and physiological response of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf.) under different levels of fly ash-amended soil. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 20(6), 538–544. doi:10.1080/15226514.2017.1393394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavel, P. B., Puschenreiter, M., Wenzel, W. W., Diacu, E., & Barbu, C. H. (2014). Aided phytostabilization using Miscanthus sinensis x giganteus on heavy metal-contaminated soils. Science of the Total Environment, 479, 125–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira, A. C. C., Sobrinho, N., Tolon-Becerra, A., Magalhaes, M. O. L., Mazur, N., & Lastra-Bravo, X. (2013). Use of Cordia africana in the phytostabilization of substrates from excavations of the ore courtyard at the port of Itaguai. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 22(4), 376–389. doi:10.1080/15320383.2013.733446
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Palacios, P., Romero-Aguilar, A., Delgadillo, J., Doukkali, B., Caviedes, M. A., Rodriguez-Llorente, I. D., & Pajuelo, E. (2017). Double genetically modified symbiotic system for improved Cu phytostabilization in legume roots. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(17), 14910–14923. doi:10.1007/s11356-017-9092-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez Rodríguez, N., Langella, F., Rodushkin, I., Engström, E., Kothe, E., Alakangas, L., & Öhlander, B. (2014). The role of bacterial consortium and organic amendment in Cu and Fe isotope fractionation in plants on a polluted mine site. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(11), 6836–6844. doi:10.1007/s11356-013-2156-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peuke, A. D., & Rennenberg, H. (2005). Phytoremediation with transgenic trees. Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of Biosciences, 60(3-4), 199–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phieler, R., Merten, D., Roth, M., Büchel, G., & Kothe, E. (2015). Phytoremediation using microbially mediated metal accumulation in Sorghum bicolor. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(24), 19408–19416. doi:10.1007/s11356-015-4471-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prapagdee, B., & Khonsue, N. (2015). Bacterial-assisted cadmium phytoremediation by Ocimum gratissimum L. in polluted agricultural soil: A field trial experiment. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 12(12), 3843–3852. doi:10.1007/s13762-015-0816-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puschenreiter, M., Mench, M., Bert, V., Kumpiene, J., Kidd, P., Cundy, A., … Serani Loppinet, A. (2014). Best practice guidance for practical application of gentle remediation options (GRO). FP7 EU Project GREENLAND – Gentle Remediation of Trace Element Contaminated Land (FP7-KBBE-266124, Greenland). Retrieved from https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/97418/reporting/en?rcn=172023.
   Google Scholar
• Qu, G. Z., Tong, Y. A., Gao, P. C., Zhao, Z. P., Song, X. Y., & Ji, P. H. (2013). Phytoremediation potential of Solanum nigrum L. Under different cultivation protocols. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 91(3), 306–309. doi:10.1007/s00128-013-1046-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quintela-Sabarís, C., Marchand, L., Kidd, P. S., Friesl-Hanl, W., Puschenreiter, M., Kumpiene, J., … Mench, M. (2017). Assessing phytotoxicity of trace element-contaminated soils phytomanaged with gentle remediation options at ten European field trials. Science of the Total Environment, 599-600, 1388–1398. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rai, S., Wasewar, K. L., & Agnihotri, A. (2017). Treatment of alumina refinery waste (red mud) through neutralization techniques: A review. Waste Management & Research, 35(6), 563–580. doi:10.1177/0734242X17696147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raldugina, G. N., Maree, M., Mattana, M., Shumkova, G., Mapelli, S., Kholodova, V. P., … Kuznetsov, V. V. (2018). Expression of rice OsMyb4 transcription factor improves tolerance to copper or zinc in canola plants. Biologia Plantarum, 62(3), 511–520. doi:10.1007/s10535-018-0800-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, B. H., Anderson, C. W. N., & Dickinson, N. M. (2015). Phytoextraction: Where's the action? Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 151, 34–40. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, B. H., Brooks, R. R., & Clothier, B. E. (1999). Soil amendments affecting nickel and cobalt uptake by Berkheya coddii: Potential use for phytomining and phytoremediation. Annals of Botany, 84(6), 689–694. doi:10.1006/anbo.1999.0970
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roderick, M. L., & Barnes, B. (2004). Self-thinning of plant populations from a dynamic viewpoint. Functional Ecology, 18(2), 197–203. doi:10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00832.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Ortiz, J. C., Valdez-Cepeda, R. D., Lara-Mireles, J. L., Rodriguez-Fuentes, H., Vazquez-Alvarado, R. E., Magallanes-Quintanar, R., & Garcia-Hernandez, J. L. (2006). Soil nitrogen fertilization effects on phytoextraction of cadmium and lead by tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Bioremediation Journal, 10(3), 105–114. doi:10.1080/10889860600939815
   Google Scholar
• Ruiz, O. N., Alvarez, D., Torres, C., Roman, L., & Daniell, H. (2011). Metallothionein expression in chloroplasts enhances mercury accumulation and phytoremediation capability. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 9(5), 609–617. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00616.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz, O. N., & Daniell, H. (2009). Genetic engineering to enhance mercury phytoremediation. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 20(2), 213–219. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2009.02.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruttens, A., Boulet, J., Weyens, N., Smeets, K., Adriaensen, K., Meers, E., … Vangronsveld, J. (2011). Short rotation coppice culture of willows and poplars as energy crops on metal contaminated agricultural soils. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 13(sup1), 194–207. doi:10.1080/15226514.2011.568543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santibañez, C., De La Fuente, L. M., Bustamante, E., Silva, S., León-Lobos, P., & Ginocchio, R. (2012). Potential use of organic- and hard-rock mine wastes on aided phytostabilization of large-scale mine tailings under semiarid mediterranean climatic conditions: Short-Term field study. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2012, 1–15.
   Google Scholar
• Santos, E., Pires, F. R., Ferreira, A. D., Egreja, F. B., Madalao, J. C., Bonomo, R., & da Rocha, P. R. (2019). Phytoremediation and natural attenuation of sulfentrazone: Mineralogy influence of three highly weathered soils. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 21(7), 652–662. doi:10.1080/15226514.2018.1556583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarwar, N., Imran, M., Shaheen, M. R., Ishaque, W., Kamran, M. A., Matloob, A., … Hussain, S. (2017). Phytoremediation strategies for soils contaminated with heavy metals: Modifications and future perspectives. Chemosphere, 171, 710–721. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheoran, V., Sheoran, A. S., & Poonia, P. (2009). Phytomining: A review. Minerals Engineering, 22(12), 1007–1019. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2009.04.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheoran, V., Sheoran, A. S., & Poonia, P. (2016). Factors affecting phytoextraction: A review. Pedosphere, 26(2), 148–166. doi:10.1016/S1002-0160(15)60032-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shim, D., Kim, S., Choi, Y. I., Song, W. Y., Park, J., Youk, E. S., … Lee, Y. (2013). Transgenic poplar trees expressing yeast cadmium factor 1 exhibit the characteristics necessary for the phytoremediation of mine tailing soil. Chemosphere, 90(4), 1478–1486. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, K. E., Schwab, A. P., & Banks, M. K. (2008). Dissipation of PAHs in saturated, dredged sediments: A field trial. Chemosphere, 72(10), 1614–1619. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.03.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, Y., Kirkwood, N., Maksimović, Č., Zheng, X., O'Connor, D., Jin, Y., & Hou, D. (2019). Nature based solutions for contaminated land remediation and brownfield redevelopment in cities: A review. Science of the Total Environment, 663, 568–579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, Y. N., Hou, D. Y., Zhang, J. L., O'Connor, D., Li, G. H., Cu, Q. B., … Liu, P. (2018). Environmental and socio-economic sustainability appraisal of contaminated land remediation strategies: A case study at a mega-site in China. Science of the Total Environment, 610, 391–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strawn, D. G., Bohn, H. L., & O'Connor, G. A. (2015). Soil chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.
   Google Scholar
• Stuczynski, T., Siebielec, G., Daniels, W. L., McCarty, G., & Chaney, R. L. (2007). Biological aspects of metal waste reclamation with biosolids. Journal of Environment Quality, 36(4), 1154–1162. doi:10.2134/jeq2006.0366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suman, J., Uhlik, O., Viktorova, J., & Macek, T. (2018). Phytoextraction of heavy metals: A promising tool for clean-up of polluted environment? Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 871.
   Google Scholar
• Sun, L. P., Ma, Y. F., Wang, H. H., Huang, W. P., Wang, X. Z., Han, L., … Wang, B. J. (2018). Overexpression of PtABCC1 contributes to mercury tolerance and accumulation in Arabidopsis and poplar. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 497(4), 997–1002. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surat, W., Kruatrachue, M., Pokethitiyook, P., Tanhan, P., & Samranwanich, T. (2008). Potential of Sonchus arvensis for the phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 10(4), 325–342. doi:10.1080/15226510802096184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Techer, D., Martinez-Chois, C., Laval-Gilly, P., Henry, S., Bennasroune, A., D’Innocenzo, M., & Falla, J. (2012). Assessment of Miscanthus × giganteus for rhizoremediation of long term PAH contaminated soils. Applied Soil Ecology, 62, 42–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teng, Y., Luo, Y. M., Sun, X. H., Tu, C., Xu, L., Liu, W. X., … Christie, P. (2010). Influence of arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Rhizobium on phytoremediation by alfalfa of an agricultural soil contaminated with weathered PCBs: A field study. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 12(5), 516–533. doi:10.1080/15226510903353120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terzaghi, E., Zanardini, E., Morosini, C., Raspa, G., Borin, S., Mapelli, F., … Di Guardo, A. (2018). Rhizoremediation half-lives of PCBs: Role of congener composition, organic carbon forms, bioavailability, microbial activity, plant species and soil conditions, on the prediction of fate and persistence in soil. Science of the Total Environment, 612, 544–560. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thuiller, W., Gasso, N., Pino, J., & Vila, M. (2012). Ecological niche and species traits: Key drivers of regional plant invader assemblages. Biological Invasions, 14(9), 1963–1980. doi:10.1007/s10530-012-0206-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titah, H. S., Abdullah, S. R. S., Mushrifah, I., Anuar, N., Basri, H., & Mukhlisin, M. (2013). Effect of applying rhizobacteria and fertilizer on the growth of Ludwigia octovalvis for arsenic uptake and accumulation in phytoremediation. Ecological Engineering, 58, 303–313. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.07.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touceda-González, M., Álvarez-López, V., Prieto-Fernández, Á., Rodríguez-Garrido, B., Trasar-Cepeda, C., Mench, M., … Kidd, P. S. (2017). Aided phytostabilisation reduces metal toxicity, improves soil fertility and enhances microbial activity in Cu-rich mine tailings. Journal of Environmental Management, 186, 301–313. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.09.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unver, I. K., & Terzi, M. (2018). Distribution of trace elements in coal and coal fly ash and their recovery with mineral processing practices: A review. Journal of Mining and Environment, 9(3), 641–655.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upadhyay, S. K., & Singh, D. P. (2015). Effect of salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on wheat plants and soil health in a saline environment. Plant Biology, 17(1), 288–293. doi:10.1111/plb.12173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USEPA. (2004). Cleaning up the nation's waste sites. Markets and Technology Trends. Washington DC: USEPA.
   Google Scholar
• USEPA. (2017). Superfund remedy report 15th edition EPA-542-R-17-001. Washington DC: USEPA.
   Google Scholar
• Vamerali, T., Marchiol, L., Bandiera, M., Fellet, G., Dickinson, N. M., Lucchini, P., … Zerbi, G. (2012). Advances in agronomic management of phytoremediation: Methods and results from a 10-year study of metal-polluted soils. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 7(4), 42–330. doi:10.4081/ija.2012.e42
   Google Scholar
• Van Slycken, S., Witters, N., Meiresonne, L., Meers, E., Ruttens, A., Van Peteghem, P., … Vangronsveld, J. (2013). Field evaluation of willow under short rotation coppice for phytomanagement of metal-polluted agricultural soils. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 15(7), 677–689. doi:10.1080/15226514.2012.723070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vangronsveld, J., Herzig, R., Weyens, N., Boulet, J., Adriaensen, K., Ruttens, A., … Mench, M. (2009). Phytoremediation of contaminated soils and groundwater: Lessons from the field. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 16(7), 765–794. doi:10.1007/s11356-009-0213-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vromman, D., Flores-Bavestrello, A., Šlejkovec, Z., Lapaille, S., Teixeira-Cardoso, C., Briceño, M., … Lutts, S. (2011). Arsenic accumulation and distribution in relation to young seedling growth in Atriplex atacamensis Phil. Science of the Total Environment, 412-413, 286–295. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, F. Y. (2017). Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in mining-impacted sites and their contribution to ecological restoration: Mechanisms and applications. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 47(20), 1901–1957. doi:10.1080/10643389.2017.1400853
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, F. Y., Adams, C. A., Yang, W. W., Sun, Y. H., & Shi, Z. Y. (2019). Benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in reducing organic contaminant residues in crops: Implications for cleaner agricultural production. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 33. doi:10.1080/10643389.2019.1665945
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J. X., Feng, X. B., Anderson, C. W. N., Xing, Y., & Shang, L. H. (2012). Remediation of mercury contaminated sites – A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 221, 1–18. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L., Hou, D., Cao, Y., Ok, Y. S., Tack, F. M. G., Rinklebe, J., & O'Connor, D. (2020). Remediation of mercury contaminated soil, water, and air: A review of emerging materials and innovative technologies. Environment International, 134, 105281. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X. T., Zhi, J. K., Liu, X. R., Zhang, H., Liu, H. B., & Xu, J. C. (2018). Transgenic tobacco plants expressing a P1B-ATPase gene from Populus tomentosa Carr. (PtoHMA5) demonstrate improved cadmium transport. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 113, 655–661. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., Jiang, Q., Zhou, C., Chen, B., Zhao, W., Song, J., … Xiao, M. (2014). In-situ remediation of contaminated farmland by horizontal transfer of degradative plasmids among rhizosphere bacteria. Soil Use and Management, 30(2), 303–309. doi:10.1111/sum.12105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., O'Connor, D., Shen, Z., Lo, I. M. C., Tsang, D. C. W., Pehkonen, S., … Hou, D. (2019). Green synthesis of nanoparticles for the remediation of contaminated waters and soils: Constituents, synthesizing methods, and influencing factors. Journal of Cleaner Production, 226, 540–549. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.128
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, Z. W., Hao, Z. K., Li, X. H., Guan, Z. B., Cai, Y. J., & Liao, X. R. (2019). The effects of phytoremediation on soil bacterial communities in an abandoned mine site of rare earth elements. Science of the Total Environment, 670, 950–960. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, J. C., Ross, D. W., Gent, M. P. N., Eitzer, B. D., & Mattina, M. I. (2006). Effect of mycorrhizal fungi on the phytoextraction of weathered p,p-DDE by Cucurbita pepo. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 137(3), 1750–1757. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.05.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitfield Åslund, M. L., Zeeb, B. A., Rutter, A., & Reimer, K. J. (2007). In situ phytoextraction of polychlorinated biphenyl – (PCB)contaminated soil. Science of the Total Environment, 374(1), 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witters, N., Mendelsohn, R., Van Passel, S., Van Slycken, S., Weyens, N., Schreurs, E., … Vangronsveld, J. (2012). Phytoremediation, a sustainable remediation technology? II: Economic assessment of CO2 abatement through the use of phytoremediation crops for renewable energy production. Biomass and Bioenergy, 39, 470–477. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.11.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witters, N., Mendelsohn, R. O., Van Slycken, S., Weyens, N., Schreurs, E., Meers, E., … Vangronsveld, J. (2012). Phytoremediation, a sustainable remediation technology? Conclusions from a case study. I: Energy production and carbon dioxide abatement. Biomass and Bioenergy, 39, 454–469. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.08.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witters, N., Van Slycken, S., Ruttens, A., Adriaensen, K., Meers, E., Meiresonne, L., … Vangronsveld, J. (2009). Short-rotation coppice of willow for phytoremediation of a metal-contaminated agricultural area: A sustainability assessment. Bioenergy Research, 2(3), 144–152. doi:10.1007/s12155-009-9042-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia, H., Liang, D., Chen, F. B., Liao, M. A., Lin, L. J., Tang, Y., … Ren, W. (2018). Effects of mutual intercropping on cadmium accumulation by the accumulator plants Conyza canadensis, Cardamine hirsuta, and Cerstium glomeratum. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 20(9), 855–861. doi:10.1080/15226514.2018.1438356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadav, R., Arora, P., Kumar, S., & Chaudhury, A. (2010). Perspectives for genetic engineering of poplars for enhanced phytoremediation abilities. Ecotoxicology, 19(8), 1574–1588. doi:10.1007/s10646-010-0543-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, K., Xu, H., Zhao, S., Shan, J., & Chen, X. (2016). Saline soil desalination by honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) depends on salt resistance mechanism. Ecological Engineering, 88, 226–231. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.12.040
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanai, J., Zhao, F. J., McGrath, S. P., & Kosaki, T. (2006). Effect of soil characteristics on Cd uptake by the hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens. Environmental Pollution, 139(1), 167–175. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2005.03.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, S., Cao, J., Li, F., Peng, X., Peng, Q., Yang, Z., & Chai, L. (2016). Field evaluation of the effectiveness of three industrial by-products as organic amendments for phytostabilization of a Pb/Zn mine tailings. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 18(1), 95–103. doi:10.1039/C5EM00471C
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoda, K., Kira, T., Ogawa, H., & Hozumi, K. (1963). Self-thinning in overcrowded pure stands under cultivated and natural conditions. Journal of Biology, Osaka City University, 14, 107–129.
   Google Scholar
• Zayed, A., Pilon-Smits, E., deSouza, M., Lin, Z. Q., & Terry, N. (2000). Remediation of selenium-polluted soils and waters by phytovolatilization. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., Rylott, E. L., Bruce, N. C., & Strand, S. E. (2019). Genetic modification of western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) for the phytoremediation of RDX and TNT. Planta, 249(4), 1007–1015. doi:10.1007/s00425-018-3057-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, R. Q., Tang, C. F., Wen, S. Z., Liu, Y. G., & Li, K. L. (2006). Advances in research on genetically engineered plants for metal resistance. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 48(11), 1257–1265. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00346.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., Houzelot, V., Bani, A., Morel, J. L., Echevarria, G., & Simonnot, M.-O. (2014). Selection and combustion of Ni-hyperaccumulators for the phytomining process. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 16(10), 1058–1072. doi:10.1080/15226514.2013.810585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., Hou, D., O’Connor, D., Shen, Z., Shi, P., Ok, Y. S., … Luo, M. (2019). Lead contamination in Chinese surface soils: Source identification, spatial-temporal distribution and associated health risks. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 49(15), 1386–1423. doi:10.1080/10643389.2019.1571354
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, H., Wei, Y., Wang, J., & Chai, T. (2019). Isolation and expression analysis of cadmium-induced genes from Cd/Mn hyperaccumulator Phytolacca americana in response to high Cd exposure. Plant Biology, 21(1), 15–24. doi:10.1111/plb.12908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, B., Han, H. J., Fu, X. Y., Li, Z. J., Gao, J. J., & Yao, Q. H. (2018). Degradation of trinitrotoluene by transgenic nitroreductase in Arabidopsis plants. Plant Soil and Environment, 64(8), 379–385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, B., Peng, R. H., Fu, X. Y., Jin, X. F., Zhao, W., Xu, J., … Yao, Q. H. (2012). Enhanced transformation of TNT by arabidopsis plants expressing an old yellow enzyme. Plos One, 7(7), 7. p doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039861
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhuang, P., Ye, Z. H., Lan, C. Y., Xie, Z. W., & Shu, W. S. (2005). Chemically assisted phytoextraction of heavy metal contaminated soils using three plant species. Plant and Soil, 276(1-2), 153–162. doi:10.1007/s11104-005-3901-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmer, D., Baum, C., Leinweber, P., Hrynkiewicz, K., & Meissner, R. (2009). Associated bacteria increase the phytoextraction of cadmium and zinc from a metal-contaminated soil by mycorrhizal willows. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 11(2), 200–213. doi:10.1080/15226510802378483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmer, D., Kiersch, K., Baum, C., Meissner, R., Muller, R., Jandl, G., & Leinweber, P. (2011). Scale-dependent variability of as and heavy metals in a river Elbe floodplain. CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water, 39(4), 328–337. doi:10.1002/clen.201000295
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Złoch, M., Tyburski, J., & Hrynkiewicz, K. (2015). Analysis of microbiologically stimulated biomass of Salix viminalis L. In the presence of CD2 + under in vitro conditions – Implications for phytoremediation. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica, 57(2), 67–78. doi:10.1515/abcsb-2015-0024
   Google Scholar