117
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

African American Rhetoric of Greeting During McKinley's 1896 Front Porch Campaign

Pages 40-55 | Published online: 26 Jan 2010

REFERENCES

  • Aristotle . ( 1991 ). On rhetoric: A theory of civic discourse . ( G. Kennedy, Trans. ). New York : Oxford University Press . (Rhetoric originally published in 4th century B.C.)
  • Barilli , R. ( 1989 ). Rhetoric. (G. Menozzi, Trans.). Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
  • Black Military Units. (n.d.) Encyclopedia of Cleveland history. Retrieved December 21, 2009, from http://ech.cwru.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=BMU
  • Burgess , T. C. ( 1902 ). Epideictic literature . In Studies in Classical Philology: 3 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Chase , J. R. ( 1961 ). The classical conception of epideictic . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 47 , 293 – 300 .
  • Cleveland: A bicentennial timeline. (n.d.). Encyclopedia of Cleveland history. Retrieved September 9, 2003, from http://ech.cwru.edu/timeline.html
  • Condit , C. M. ( 1985 ). The functions of epideictic: The Boston Massacre orations as exemplar . Communication Quarterly , 33 , 284 – 299 .
  • Consigny , S. ( 1992 ). Gorgias's use of the epideictic . Philosophy and Rhetoric , 25 , 281 – 297 .
  • Curtis , F. ( 1904 ). The Republican Party: A history of its fifty years' existence and a record of its measures and leaders, 1854–1904 ( Vol. 2 ). New York : G. P. Putnam's Sons .
  • Danisch , R. ( 2007 ). Pragmatism, democracy, and the necessity of rhetoric . Columbia : University of South Carolina Press .
  • Daugherty , H. M. , & Dixon , T. ( 1932 ). The inside story of the Harding tragedy . New York : Churchill Company .
  • Davis , R. H. ( 1972 ). Black Americans in Ohio's city of Cleveland: George Peake, the first Black settler to Carl Stokes, the first Black mayor . Washington , DC : Associated Publishers .
  • Diamond , W. ( 1941 ). Urban and rural voting in 1896 . American Historical Review , 46 , 281 – 305 .
  • Foraker , J. B. ( 1932/1975 ). I would live it again . New York : Harper & Row/Arno Press .
  • Franklin , J. H. ( 1956 ). From slavery to freedom: A history of American Negroes () , 2nd ed. . New York : Alfred A. Knopf .
  • Gienapp , W. E. (1986). The origins of the Republican Party, 1852–1856 . New York : Oxford University Press.
  • Goldman , R. M. ( 1990 ). “A free ballot and a fair count:” The Department of Justice and the enforcement of voting rights in the South, 1877–1893 . New York : Garland Publishing Company .
  • Gould , L. B. ( 1980 ). The presidency of William McKinley . Lawrence : University Press of Kansas .
  • Grantham , D. W. ( 1988 ). The life and death of the Solid South: A political history . Lexington : University Press of Kentucky .
  • Gwynn , A. ( 1926 ). Roman education from Cicero to Quintilian . Oxford , England : Clarendon Press .
  • Harpine , W. D. ( 2000 ). Playing to the press in McKinley's front porch campaign: The early weeks of a nineteenth-century pseudo-event . Rhetoric Society Quarterly , 30 ( 3 ), 73 – 90 .
  • Harpine , W. D. ( 2004 ). We want yer, McKinley: Epideictic rhetoric in songs from the 1896 presidential campaign . Rhetoric Society Quarterly , 34 ( 1 ), 73 – 88 .
  • Harpine , W. D. ( 2005 ). From the front porch to the front page: McKinley and Bryan in the 1896 campaign . College Station : Texas A&M University Press .
  • Hauser , G. A. ( 1986 ). Introduction to rhetorical theory . New York : Harper & Row .
  • Heald , E. T. ( 1964 ). The William McKinley story . Canton , OH : Stark County Historical Society .
  • Hope , J. ( 1998 ). We are struggling for equality . In P. S. Foner & R. J. Branham (Eds.), Lift every voice: African American oratory, 1787–1900 . Tuscaloosa : University of Alabama Press .
  • Hoyt , E. P. ( 1967 ). William McKinley . Chicago : Reilly & Lee Company .
  • Hyde , M. J. ( 2005 ). The rhetor as hero and the pursuit of truth: The case of 9/11 . Rhetoric & Public Affairs , 8 ( 1 ), 1 – 30 .
  • Jamieson , K. H. , & Campbell , K. K. ( 1982 ). Rhetorical hybrids: Fusions of generic elements . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 68 , 146 – 157 .
  • Jones , S. L. ( 1964 ). The presidential election of 1896 . Madison : University of Wisconsin Press .
  • Klarman , M. J. ( 2004 ). From Jim Crow to civil rights: The Supreme Court and the struggle for racial equality . Oxford , England : University Press .
  • Lawson , S. F. ( 1976 ). Black ballots: Voting rights in the South, 1944–1969 . New York : Columbia University Press .
  • Kleppner , P. ( 1982 ). Who voted? The dynamics of electoral turnout, 1970–1980 . New York : Praeger .
  • Leech , M. , & Brown , H. J. ( 1978 ). The Garfield orbit . New York : Harper & Row .
  • Lewinson , P. ( 1963 ). Race, class, and party: A history of Negro suffrage and White politics in the South . New York : Russell & Russell .
  • Logan , R. W. ( 1957 ). The Negro in the United States: A brief history . Princeton , NJ : D. Van Nostrand Company .
  • Logan , R. W. ( 1965 ). The betrayal of the Negro: From Rutherford B. Hayes to Woodrow Wilson () , rev. ed. . New York : Collier Books .
  • Logue , C. M. ( 1977 ). The rhetorical appeals of Whites toward Blacks during Reconstruction . Communication Monographs , 44 , 241 – 251 .
  • Mayer , G. H. (1967). The Republican Party, 1854–1966 () , 2nd ed.. New York : Oxford University Press.
  • Murray , R. K. ( 1969 ). The Harding era: Warren G. Harding and his administration . Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
  • Munz , P. ( 1985 ). Our knowledge of the growth of knowledge: Popper or Wittgenstein? London : Routledge .
  • Mustard , D. B. ( 2003 ). Racial justice in America: A reference handbook . Santa Barbara , CA : ABC-Clio .
  • National Rites of Passage Institute. (n.d.) Cleveland and the Black serviceman. Retrieved June 21, 2002, from http://www.ritesofpassage.org/m-cleveland.htm
  • O'Reilly , K. ( 1995 ). Nixon's piano: Presidents and racial politics from Washington to Clinton . New York : The Free Press .
  • Oliver , R. T. ( 1964 ). History of public speaking in America . Boston : Allyn & Bacon .
  • Perelman , C. ( 1971 ). The new rhetoric . In L. F. Bitzer & E. Black (Eds.), The prospect of rhetoric: Report of the National Developmental Project (pp. 115 – 122 ). Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice-Hall .
  • Perelman , C. , & Olbrechts-Tyteca , L. ( 1960 ). The new rhetoric: A treatise on argumentation . ( J. Wilkinson & P. Weaver, Trans. ). Notre Dame , IN : University of Notre Dame Press .
  • Peskin , A. ( 1978 ). Garfield: A Biography . Kent , OH : Kent State University Press .
  • Ranney , J. A. ( 2006 ). In the wake of slavery: Civil war, civil rights, and the reconstruction of Southern law . Westport , CT : Praeger Publishers .
  • Rosenfield , L. W. ( 1980 ). The practical celebration of epideictic . In E. E. White (Ed.), Rhetoric in transition: Studies in the nature and uses of rhetoric (pp. 131 – 155 ). University Park : Pennsylvania State University Press .
  • Sherman , R. B. ( 1973 ). The Republican Party and Black America from McKinley to Hoover, 1896–1933 . Charlottesville : University Press of Virginia .
  • Sievers , H. J. ( 1959 ). Benjamin Harrison—Hoosier statesman: 1. From the Civil War to the White House, 1965–1888 . New York : University Publishers .
  • Sullivan , D. L. ( 1993a ). A closer look at education as epideictic rhetoric . Rhetoric Society Quarterly , 23 ( 3–4 ), 70 – 89 .
  • Sullivan , D. L. ( 1993b ). The ethos of epideictic encounter . Philosophy and Rhetoric , 26 , 113 – 133 .
  • Vivian , B. ( 2006 ). Neoliberal epideictic: Rhetorical form and commemorative politics on September 11, 2002 . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 92 , 1 – 26 .
  • Walters , R. W. ( 1988 ). Black presidential politics in America: A strategic approach . Albany : State University of New York Press .
  • White , M. B. ( 1998 ). The rhetoric of edification: African American didactic literature and the ethical function of epideictic . Howard Journal of Communications , 9 , 125 – 136 .
  • Woodson , C. G. , & Wesley , C. H. ( 1958 ). Negro makers of history () , 5th ed. . Washington , DC : Associated Publishers .

DATA SOURCES

  • Afro-Americans . ( 1896 , August 20 ). Canton Repository, p. 5.
  • Attack on the President . ( 1899 , May 11 ). New York Times, p. 2.
  • Brotherhood of man. (1896, October 1). Canton Repository, p. 5.
  • Call to patriotic men . ( 1896 , September 3 ). Canton Repository, p. 1.
  • Caste, color, nor creed known . ( 1896 , October 25 ). Canton Repository, p. 2.
  • Dawes , C. G. , & B. N. Timmons (Ed.). ( 1950 ). A journal of the McKinley years . Chicago : Lakeside-R. R. Donnelley .
  • The Democratic platform adopted by the Chicago convention . ( 1896 , 10 July ). The Washington Post, p. 4.
  • Drawing the color line ( 1896 , Ocober 17 ). New York Times, p. 5.
  • Eight states . ( 1896 , October 25 ). Canton Repository, p. 1.
  • Harrison , B. ( 1888/1892 ). Indianapolis, September 15 . In C. Hedges (Ed.), Speeches of Benjamin Harrison, twenty-third president of the United States (pp. 119 – 121 ). New York : United States Book Company .
  • It's an honest nation . ( 1896 , September 24 ). Canton Repository, p. 5.
  • Johnson allays fears . ( 1920 , June 14 ). New York Times, pp. 1–2. Retrieved July 2, 2008, from ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times.
  • Kissed the Major . ( 1896 , September 28 ). Cleveland Plain Dealer, p. 1.
  • Manning , A. R. ( 1896 , October 23 ). Letter to William McKinley. Library of Congress McKinley Papers [Microfilm], Series 1, Reel 1.
  • McKinley , W. ( 1896a ). Business and politics . In Joseph P. Smith ( Comp. ), McKinley's speeches in August (pp. 92 – 95 ). Canton , OH : Repository Press .
  • McKinley , W. ( 1896b ). Colored callers from Stark County . In J. P. Smith ( Comp. ), McKinley as a candidate: His speeches since his nomination, June 8 to August 1, 1896 (p. 39 ). Canton , OH : Repository Press .
  • McKinley , W. ( 1896c ). The colored rifles of Cleveland . In J. Smith ( Comp. ), McKinley's speeches in August (pp. 85 – 87 ). Canton , OH : Repository Press .
  • McKinley , W. ( 1896d ). A delegation of colored callers . In J. P. Smith ( Comp. ), McKinley as a candidate: His speeches since his nomination, June 8 to August 1, 1896 (p. 11 ). Canton , OH : Repository Press .
  • McKinley , W. ( 1896e ). Northern conference of the A. M. E. Church . In J. P. Smith ( Comp. ), McKinley's Speeches in September (pp. 292 – 294 ). Canton , OH : Repository Press .
  • McKinley , W. ( 1896f ). The old soldiers from Sandusky . In J. P. Smith ( Comp. ), McKinley's Speeches in September (pp. 294 – 296 ). Canton , OH : Repository Press .
  • The Republican platform: Text of the declaration of principles as adopted by the St. Louis convention . ( 1896 , June 19 ). The Washington Post, p. 6.
  • To a call from the sixfooters . ( 1896 , October 11 ). Canton Repository, p. 2.
  • What the papers say . ( 1896 , November 19 ). New York Times, p. 4.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.