75
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Republicans Listen to Rap, Too: Tupac’s Engagement with Black Conservatism

, , &

References

  • Asante, M. K. (2020). Africology, Afrocentricity, and what remains to be done. The Black Scholar, 50(3), 48–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/00064246.2020.1780859
  • Bracey, C. A. (2008). Saviors or sellouts: The promise and peril of black conservatism, from booker T. Washington to condoleezza rice. Beacon Press.
  • Brown, T. (2005). Reaffirming African American cultural values: Tupac Shakur’s greatest hits as a musical autobiography. Western Journal of Black Studies, 29, 558–574.
  • Crouch, S., (1999). Straighten up and fly right: An improvisation at the podium. In W. Mosley (Eds.), Black genius: African American solutions to African American problems (pp. 245–268). Norton.
  • Du Bois, W. E. B. (1903). The souls of black folk. A. C. McClurg & Co.
  • Dyson, M. E. (2003). Holler if you hear me: Searching for Tupac Shakur. Basic Civitas Books.
  • Edgar, A. N., & Rudrow, K. J. (2018). “I think of him as an ancestor”: Tupac Shakur fans and the intimacy of pop cultural heritage. Communication, Culture and Critique, 11(4), 642–658. https://doi.org/10.1093/ccc/tcy032
  • Eisenstadt, P. R. (Ed.). (1999). Black conservatism: Essays in intellectual and political history. Garland Pub.
  • Farrar, H. (1999). Radical rhetoric, conservative reality: A nation of islam as an american conservative formation. In Eisenstadt, P. R. (Ed.) Black conservatism: Essays in intellectual and political history (pp. 109–132).
  • Fortner, M. J. (2015). Black silent majority: The Rockefeller drug laws and the politics of punishment Harvard University Press.
  • Henderson, E. A. (1996). Black nationalism and rap music. Journal of Black Studies, 26(3), 308–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/002193479602600305
  • Holley, S. E. (2023). An Amerikan family: The Shakurs and the nation they created. Mariner.
  • Husock, H. (2015). When black music was conservative. City Journal. https://www.city-journal.org/article/when-black-music-was-conservative/
  • Jefferson, H. (2023). The politics of respectability and black Americans’ punitive attitudes. American Political Science Review, 117(4), 1448–1464. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055422001289
  • Joseph, J. (2006). Tupac Shakur: Legacy. Atria Books.
  • Kronen, S. (2020). The complex roots of black conservatism. Areo Magazine. September 25. Retrieved December 1, 2023, from https://areomagazine.com/2020/09/25/the-complex-roots-of-black-conservatism/
  • Lewis, A. K. (2013). Conservatism in the Black community: To the right and misunderstood. Routledge.
  • Orey, B. D. (2003). The new black conservative: Rhetoric or reality? African American Research Perspectives, 9(1), 38–47.
  • Phillips, J. C. (2008). Black Americans should be masters of our fate. www.cnn.com. July 31. Retrieved November 22, 2023, from https://edition.cnn.com/2008/US/07/31/jphillips.fate/index.html
  • Reynolds, J., & Kendi, I. X. (2016). Stamped: Racism, antiracism, and you. Little, Brown.
  • Richardson, E., & Lessner, S. (2021). Critical social justice possibilities in hiphop literacies: An introduction. Community Literacy Journal, 16(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.25148/CLJ.16.1.010602
  • Robinson, G. (1999). Ralph Ellison, Albert Murray, Stanley Crouch, and modern black cultural conservatism. In Eisenstadt, P.R. (Ed).Black conservatism: essays in intellectual and political history (pp. 151–167). Garland Pub.
  • Rose, C. (2022). Reimagining black conservatism: The invisible black community and the forgotten war on “black-on-black crime” during the post–world war II urban crisis (1970s-1980s). Journal of Urban History, 0, 0. 009614422211166. https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442221116615
  • Rose, P. L. (1993). Black noise: Rap music and Black cultural resistance in contemporary American popular culture. Brown University.
  • Schudel, M. (2020). September 16). Stanley Crouch, combative writer, intellectual and authority on jazz, dies at 74. The Washington Post. Retrieved November 7, 2023, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/stanley-crouch-combative-writer-intellectual-and-authority-on-jazz-dies-at-74/2020/09/16/41de7ef2-f84d-11ea-89e3-4b9efa36dc64_story.html
  • Shorbagy, M. (2023). The paradox of visibility: Black America and soft power. National Review of Black Politics, 4(3–4), 137–154. https://doi.org/10.1525/nrbp.2023.4.3-4.137
  • Smith, S. (2002). The individual ethos: A defining characteristic of contemporary black conservatism. In G. T. Tate & L. A. Randolph (Eds.), Dimensions of Black conservatism in the United States: Made in America (1st ed., pp. 119–139). Palgrave.
  • Stanford, K. L. (2011). Keepin’ it real in hip hop politics: A political perspective of Tupac Shakur. Journal of Black Studies, 42(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934709355122
  • Watson, E. (1998). Guess what came to American politics? Contemporary black conservatism. Journal of Black Studies, 29(1), 73–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/002193479802900105
  • Winch, J. (1999). James Forten, ConservativeRadical. In Black Conservatism (pp. 3-23). Routledge.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.