The Term “Self-Directed Learning”—Back to Knowles, or Another Way to Forge Ahead?

References

• Abraham, R. R., Upadhya, S., & Ramnarayan, K. (2005). Self-directed learning. Advances in Physiology Education, 29(2), 135–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agran, M., Blanchard, C., & Wehmeyer, M. L. (2000). Promoting transition goals and self-determination through student self-directed learning: The self-determined learning model of instruction. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 35(4), 351–364.
   Google Scholar
• Alharbi, H. A. (2018). Readiness for self-directed learning: How bridging and traditional students differs (sic)? Nurse Education Today, 61, 231–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arkan, B., Elif, U. A., & Hatice, Y. S. (2016). Locus of control and self-directed learning relation on Nursing students. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 9(2), 514–519.
   Google Scholar
• Avdal, E. U. (2013). The effect of self-directed learning abilities of student nurses on success in Turkey. Nurse Education Today, 33(8), 838–841.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balfour, R. (2016). Foreword. In E. Mentz & I. J. Oosthuizen (Eds.), Self-directed learning research (pp. xxiii–xxv). Durbanville, South Africa: AOSIS Books.
   Google Scholar
• Barnes, L. P. (2018). Religious education in Northern Ireland: Conflict, curriculum and criticism. In P. Sivasubramaniam & R. Hayhoe (Eds.), Religion and education (pp. 273–288). Oxford, UK: Symposium Books.
   Google Scholar
• Blumberg, P. (2000). Evaluating the evidence that problem-based learners are self-directed learners. A review of literature. In D. H. Evenson & C. E. Hmelo (Eds.) Problem-based learning: A research perspective on learning interactions (pp. 199–226). Mahwah, NJ: Laurence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Brockett, R. G., & Hiemstra, R. (1991). Self-direction in learning. Perspectives in theory, research and practice. London, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Buthelezi, T., & Phahamane, P. (2016). Academic writing supported by digital technologies and the INcwadi-Mkaphi (book-guide) in isiZulu folk-poetry education. In E. Mentz & I. J. Oosthuizen (Eds.), Self-directed learning research (pp. 239–269). Durbanville, South Africa: AOSIS Books.
   Google Scholar
• Candy, P. (1991). Self-direction for lifelong learning: A comprehensive guide to theory and practice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Chapman, C. S. (2017). Commentary: Interpretive methodological expertise and editorial board composition. Critical Perspectives on Accounting. Vol. 51. Retrieved from http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2017.10.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosnefroy, L., & Carré, P. (2014). Self-regulated and self-directed learning: Why don’t some neighbours communicate? International Journal of Self-Directed Learning, 11(2), 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Craik, G. L. (1840). Pursuit of knowledge under difficulties: Its pleasures and rewards. New York, USA: Harper & Brothers.
   Google Scholar
• De Beer, J., & Gravett, S. (2016). The affordances of case-based teaching for self-directed learning: A case study with first year student teachers. In E. Mentz & I. J. Oosthuizen (Eds.), Self-directed learning research (pp. 35–70). Durbanville, South Africa: AOSIS Books.
   Google Scholar
• De Muynck, A., Vermeulen, H., & Kunz, B. (2017). Essenties van christelijk leraarschap. (The essentials of teaching in a Christian manner.) Alblasserdam, Netherlands: Verloop Drukkerij/Driestar-educatief.
   Google Scholar
• Elbanna, S., Eid, R., & Kamel, H. (2015). Measuring hotel performance using the balanced scorecard: A theoretical construct development and its empirical evaluation. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 51, 105–114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• English, L. M. (2000). Spiritual dimensions of informal learning. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 85, 29–38.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, M., King, J., & Tague, C. (2001). Development of a self-directed learning readiness scale for nursing education. Nurse Education Today, 21(7), 516–525.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fowler, S., Van Brummelen, H. W., & Van Dyk, J. (1993). Christian schooling: Education for freedom. Potchefstroom, South Africa: Institute for Christian Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Garrison, D. R. (1997). Self-directed learning: Toward a comprehensive model. Adult Education Quarterly, 48(1), 18–33. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.nwulib.nwu.ac.za/eds/detail/detail?vid=4&sid=7e9bf1f8-71f4-4cfa-86d0-d114eee65754%40pdc-v-sessmgr01&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#AN=1998-00433-002&db=psyh
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, A. M. (2013). Six principles of self-regulated learning: Developing self-regulated language learners (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from http://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4052
   Google Scholar
• Guglielmino, L. M. (1978). Development of the self-directed learning readiness sale (Doctoral thesis). University of Georgia. Dissertation abstracts international 38:646A.
   Google Scholar
• Guglielmino, L. M. (2008). Why self-directed learning? International Journal of Self-Directed Learning, 5(1), 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Guglielmino, L. M. (2013). The case for promoting self-directed learning in formal educational institutions. SA-eDuc Journal, 10(2), 1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Halverson, C. A. (2002). Activity theory and distributed cognition: Or what does CSCW need to do with theories? Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 11(1–2), 243–267.
   Google Scholar
• Havenga, M. (2016). Students’ accountability and responsibility in problem-based learning: Enhancing self-directed learning. In E. Mentz & I. J. Oosthuizen (Eds.) Self-directed learning research (pp. 72–98). Durbanville, South Africa: AOSIS Books.
   Google Scholar
• Hiemstra, R. (1994/2006). Self-directed learning. In T. Husen & T. N. Postlethwaite (Eds.), The International Encyclopaedia of Education (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press. Republished as: http://home.twcny.rr.com/hiemstra/sdlhdbk.html(1of 11)5/31/2006
   Google Scholar
• Houle, C. O. (1961). The inquiring mind. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jarvis, P. (1992). Paradoxes of learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Knowles, M. S. (1973/1978). The adult learner: A neglected species. Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Knowles, M. S. (1975). Self-directed learning. A guide for Learners and Teachers. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents.
   Google Scholar
• Knowles, M. S., Holton, E. F., & Swanson, R. A. (2012). The adult learner. London, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Labuhn, A. S., Zimmerman, B. J., & Hasselhorn, M. (2010). Enhancing students’ self-regulation and mathematics performance: The influence of feedback and self-evaluative standards. Metacognition and Learning, 5(2), 173–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leach, L. (2000). Self-directed learning: Theory and practice (D.Phil. Thesis). University of Technology, Sydney.
   Google Scholar
• Long, H. B. (1991). Challenges in the study of self-directed learning. In: H. B. Long & Associates (Ed.), Self-directed learning: consensus and conflict (pp. 11–28). Norman, OK: Oklahoma Research Centre for Continuing Professional and Higher Education.
   Google Scholar
• Long, H. B. (2000). Understanding self-direction in education. In H. B. Long and Associates (Ed.), Practice and theory in self-directed learning (pp. 11–24). Schaumberg, Germany: Motorola University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Makonye, J. P. (2016). The enactment of problem-based approaches in pre-service mathematics and the levels of performance of teacher students in problem projects. In E. Mentz & I. J. Oosthuizen (Eds.), Self-directed learning research (pp. 184–211). Durbanville, South Africa: AOSIS.
   Google Scholar
• Merriam, S. B. (2001). Andragogy and self-directed learning: Pillars of adult learning theory. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 2001(89), 3–14.
   Google Scholar
• Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Mocker, D. W., & Spear, G. E. (1982). Lifelong learning: Formal, non-formal, informal and self-directed. Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult, Career and Vocational Education.
   Google Scholar
• Morrison, D., & Seaton, J. X. (2014). Exploring self-directed learning in an online “do-it-yourself” forum. International Journal of Self-Directed Learning, 11(2), 29–45.
   Google Scholar
• Niemer, C. P., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). Autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the classroom. Applying self-determination theory to educational practice. Theory and Research in Education, 7(2), 133–144.
   Google Scholar
• Oddi, L. F. (1987). Perspectives on self-directed learning. Adult Education Quarterly, 38(1), 21–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Johnson, R. B., & Collins, K. M. T. (2009). Call for mixed analysis: A philosophical framework for combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches, 3(2), 114–139.
   Google Scholar
• Packard, M. D. (2017). Where did interpretivism go in the theory of entrepreneurship? Journal of Business Venturing, 32(5), 536–549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panadero, E., & Alonso-Tapia, J. (2014). How do students self-regulate? Review of Zimmerman’s cyclical model of self-regulated learning. Annals of Psychology, 30(2), 450–462.
   Google Scholar
• Reve, J. (2012). A self-determination theory perspective on student engagement. In L. Christensen (Ed.), Handbook on research on student engagement (pp. 149–172). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Strods, G. (2012). Promotion of student self-direction in cooperative learning in university.Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference, 2012, 396–414. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2012vol1.60
   Google Scholar
• Strods, G. (2014). Promotion of student self-direction through cooperative learning in teacher training. International Journal of Self-Directed Learning, 11(2), 13–28.
   Google Scholar
• Van der Walt, J. L. (2016). The feasibility of grafting self-directed learning theory onto the capability theory. In E. Mentz & I. J. Oosthuizen (Eds.), Self-directed learning research (pp. 1–33). Durbanville, South Africa: AOSIS Books.
   Google Scholar
• Van der Walt, J. L., & Potgieter, F. J. (2012). Research method in education: The frame by which the picture hangs. International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches, 6(3), 220–232.
   Google Scholar
• Van Huyssteen, J. W. (2006). Alone in the world? Human uniqueness in science and theology. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans.
   Google Scholar
• Van Wyk, M. M. (2017). Exploring student teachers’ views on E-portfolios as an empowering tool to enhance self-directed learning in an online teacher education course. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 42(6), 1–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visser, A., Mentz, E., & Petersen, N. (2016). Student support through cooperative base groups and its contribution to the development of self-directed learning skills. In E. Mentz & I. J. Oosthuizen (Eds.), Self-directed learning research (pp. 99–127). Durbanville, South Africa: AOSIS Books.
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attainment of self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13–39). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar