References
- Allen, D. W. (2013). Self-protection against crime victimization: Theory and evidence from university campuses. International Review of Law and Economics, 34, 21–33. doi:10.1016/j.irle.2012.11.002
- American Association of Community Colleges. (2012a). Reclaiming the American dream: A report from the 21st century commission on the future of community colleges. Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://www.aacc.nche.edu/21stCenturyReport
- American Association of Community Colleges. (2012b). 2012 Community college fast facts. Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://www.aacc.nche.edu/AboutCC/Pages/fastfactsfactsheet.aspx
- Barton, M. S., Jensen, B. L., & Kaufman, J. M. (2010). Social disorganization theory and the college campus. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38(3), 245–254. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.02.010
- Baum, K., & Klaus, P. (2005). Violent victimization of college students, 1995-2002 (NCJ Publication No. 206836). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
- Berry, B. J. L., & Kasarda, J. D. (1977). Contemporary urban ecology. New York, NY: Macmillan.
- Blau, P. M. (1977). Inequality and heterogeneity. New York, NY: Free Press.
- Bouffard, L. A., & Muftić, L. R. (2006). The “rural mystique”: Social disorganization and violence beyond urban communities. Western Criminology Review, 7(3), 56–66.
- Bragg, D. D., & Durham, B. (2012). Perspectives on access and equity in the era of (community) college completion. Community College Review, 40(2), 106–125. doi:10.1177/0091552112444724
- Braxton, J. M., Sullivan, A. S., & Johnson, R. T. (1997). Appraising Tinto’s theory of college student departure. In J. C. Smart (Ed.), Higher education: Handbook of theory and research (Vol. 12, pp. 107–158). New York, NY: Agathon.
- Bromley, M. (1995). Comparing campus and city crime rates: A descriptive study. American Journal of Police, 14(1), 131–148. doi:10.1108/07358549510799125
- Bromley, M. L. (1994). Correlates of campus crime: A nationwide exploratory study of large universities. Journal of Security Administration, 17(1), 37–52.
- Bursik, R. J., Jr., & Grasmick, H. G. (1993). Neighborhoods and crime: The dimensions of effective community control. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
- California Community College Chancellor’s Office. (2012). Home page. Sacramento, CA. Retrieved from http://www.cccco.edu
- California Community College Chancellor’s Office. (2012). Management information systems data mart. Sacramento, CA. Retrieved from http://datamart.cccco.edu/datamart.aspx
- California Community Colleges Student Success Task Force. (2012). Advancing student success in the California community colleges: Recommendations of the California community colleges student success task force. Sacramento, CA. Retrieved from http://californiacommunitycolleges.cccco.edu/PolicyinAction/StudentSuccessTaskForce.aspx
- Cauthen, N. K., & Orozco, V. (2009). The high cost of working hard. American Prospect, 20(9), A20–23.
- Cohen, A. M., & Brower, F. B. (2008). The American community college (5th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Davis, R. C., & Henderson, N. J. (2003). Willingness to report crimes: The role of ethnic group membership and community efficacy. Crime & Delinquency, 49(4), 564–580. doi:10.1177/0011128703254418
- Douglass, J. A., & Thomson, G. (2008). The poor and the rich: A look at economic stratification and academic performance among undergraduate students in the United States (CSHE Report 15.08). University of California, Berkeley, Center for Studies in Higher Education. Retrieved from, http://cshe.berkeley.edu
- Dowd, A. C. (2007). Community colleges as gateways and gatekeepers: Moving beyond the access “saga” toward outcome equity. Harvard Educational Review, 77(4), 407–419. doi:10.17763/haer.77.4.1233g31741157227
- Fernandez, A., & Lizotte, A. J. (1997). An analysis of the relationship between campus crime and community crime: Reciprocal effects? In B. Fisher & J. Sloan (Eds.), Campus crime: Legal, social, and policy perspectives (pp. 79–102). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
- Fisher, B. S. (1995). Crime and fear on campus. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 539(1), 85–101. doi:10.1177/0002716295539001007
- Fisher, B. S., & Sloan, J. J. (2007). Campus crime: Legal, social, and policy perspectives (2nd ed.). Springfield, IL: Thomas.
- Foundation for California Community Colleges. (2013). Facts and Figures. Sacramento, CA. Retrieved from http://www.foundationccc.org
- Fox, A. J., & Hellman, D. A. (1985). Location and other correlates of campus crime. Journal of Criminal Justice, 13(5), 429–444. doi:10.1016/0047-2352(85)90043-1
- Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2007). Educational research: An introduction (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
- Goldrick-Rab, S. (2010). Challenges and opportunities for improving community college student success. Review of Educational Research, 80(3), 437–469. doi:10.3102/0034654310370163
- Goudriaan, H., Wittebrood, K., & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2006). Neighborhood characteristics and reporting crime: Effects of social cohesion, confidence in police effectiveness and socioeconomic disadvantage. British Journal of Criminology, 46(4), 719–742. doi:10.1093/bjc/azi096
- Green, S. B., & Salkind, N. J. (2008). Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and understanding data (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
- Griffith, J. D., Hueston, H., Wilson, E., Moyers, C., & Hart, C. L. (2004). Satisfaction with campus police services. College Student Journal, 38(1), 150–156.
- Hendrick, R. Z., Hightower, W. H., & Gregory, D. E. (2006). State funding limitations and community college open door policy: Conflicting priorities? Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 30, 627–640. doi:10.1080/10668920600746078
- Hu, S. (2011). Reconsidering the relationship between student engagement and persistence in college. Innovative Higher Education, 36(2), 97–106. doi:10.1007/s10755-010-9158-4
- Ingram, W. G., & Morrissey, S. E. (2009). Ethical dimensions of the open-door admissions policy. New Directions for Community Colleges, 2009, 31–38. doi:10.1002/cc.384
- Jennings, W. G., Gover, A. R., & Pudrzynska, D. (2007). Are institutions of higher learning safe? A descriptive study of campus safety issues and self-reported campus victimization among male and female college students. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 18(2), 191–208. doi:10.1080/10511250701383327
- Jolley, R. M., Cross, E., & Bryant, M. (2014). A critical challenge: The engagement and assessment of contingent, part-time adjunct faculty professors in Unites States community colleges. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 38, 218–230. doi:10.1080/10668926.2014.851969
- Kaylen, M. T., & Pridemore, W. A. (2012). Systematically addressing inconsistencies in the rural social disorganization and crime literature. International Journal of Rural Criminology, 1(2), 134–152.
- Kornhauser, R. R. (1978). Social sources of delinquency. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.
- Kubrin, C. E., & Weitzer, R. (2003). New directions in social disorganization theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 40(4), 374–402. doi:10.1177/0022427803256238
- Mayhew, M., Caldwell, R., & Goldman, E. (2011). Defining campus violence: A phenomenological analysis of community stakeholder perspectives. Journal of College Student Development, 52(3), 253–269. doi:10.1353/csd.2011.0045
- McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2010). Research in education: Evidence-based inquiry (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
- McPhail, C. J. (2011). A completion agenda: A call to action. American Association of Community Colleges. Retrieved from http://www.aacc.nche.edu/Publications/Reports/Documents/CompletionAgenda_report.pdf
- McPheters, L. R. (1978). Econometric analysis of factors influencing crime on the campus. Journal of Criminal Justice, 6, 47–52. doi:10.1016/0047-2352(78)90038-7
- Mullin, C. M. (2012). Transfer: An indispensable part of the community college mission. American Association of Community Colleges. Retrieved from http://www.aacc.nche.edu/Publications/Briefs/Documents/AACC_Transfer_to_LUMINA.pdf
- Mullin, C. M., & Phillippe, K. (2011). Fall 2011: Estimated headcount enrollment and pell grant trends. American Association of Community Colleges. Retrieved from http://www.aacc.nche.edu/Publications/Reports/Documents/Headcount_Enrollment.pdf
- Nora, A. G., Crisp, G., & Matthews, C. (2011). A reconceptualization of CCSSE’s benchmarks of student engagement. Review of Higher Education, 35(1), 105–130. doi:10.1353/rhe.2011.0036
- Osgood, D. W., & Chambers, J. M. (2000). Social disorganization outside the metropolis: An analysis of rural youth violence. Criminology, 38(1), 81–116. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00884.x
- Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (2005). How college affects students: A third decade of research. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Perna, L. W., Finney, J. E., & Callan, P. M. (2014). Renewing the promise: State policies to improve higher education performance. Institute for Research on Higher Education at the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education. Retrieved from http://repository.upenn.edu/gse_pubs/326`
- Sampson, R. J., & Groves, W. B. (1989). Community structure and crime: Testing social-disorganization theory. The American Journal of Sociology, 94(4), 774–802. doi:10.1086/229068
- Sangree, H. (2015). Students air concerns on Sac City shooting. Sacramento Bee. Retrieved from http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/crime/article34821993.html
- Sengupta, R., & Jepsen, C. (2006). California’s community college students. California Counts: Population Trends and Profiles, 8(2). Retrieved from http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/cacounts/CC_1106RSCC.pdf
- Shaw, C. R., & McKay, H. (1969). Juvenile delinquency and urban areas. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Sloan, J. J. (1994). The correlates of campus crime: An analysis of reported crimes on college and university campuses. Journal of Criminal Justice, 22(1), 51–61. doi:10.1016/0047-2352(94)90048-5
- Sloan, J. J., III, & Fisher, B. S. (2011). The dark side of the ivory tower: Campus crime as a social problem. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Sloan, J. J., III, Fisher, B. S., & Cullen, F. T. (1997). Assessing the student right-to-know and campus security act of 1990: An analysis of the victim reporting practices of college and university students. Crime and Delinquency, 43(2), 148–168. doi:10.1177/001112879704300200
- Sloan, J. J., Lanier, M. M., & Beer, D. L. (2000). Policing the contemporary university campus: Challenging traditional organizational models. Journal of Security Administration, 23(1), 1–22.
- Steinmetz, N. M., & Austin, D. M. (2014). Fear of criminal victimization on a college campus: A visual and survey analysis of location and demographic factors. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 39(3), 511–537. doi:10.1007/s12103-013-9227-1
- Sun, I. Y., Triplett, R., & Gainey, R. R. (2004). Neighborhood characteristics and crime: A test of Sampson and Groves’ model of social disorganization. Western Criminology Review, 5(1), 1–16.
- The White House, Office of the Press Secretary. (2009). Remarks by the President on the American graduation initiative in Warren, MI. Washington, DC. Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-american-graduation-initiative-warren-mi
- Thompson, A., Price, J. H., Mrdjenovich, A. J., & Khubchandani, J. (2009). Reducing firearm-related violence on college campuses—Police chiefs’ perceptions and practices. Journal of American College Health, 58(3), 247–254. doi:10.1080/07448480903295367
- U. S. Department of Education, Office of Post-Secondary Education. (2011a). The Campus and Security Act data cutting analysis tool. Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://ope.ed.gov/security
- U. S. Department of Education, Office of Post-Secondary Education. (2011b). The handbook for campus safety and security reporting. Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/admins/lead/safety/campus.html
- U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2012). Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds
- Volkwein, J. F., Szelest, B. P., & Lizotte, A. J. (1995). The relationship of campus crime to campus and student characteristics. Research in Higher Education, 36(6), 647–670. doi:10.1007/BF02208249
- Webber, D. A., & Ehrenberg, R. G. (2010). Do expenditures other than instructional expenditures affect graduation and persistence rates in American higher education? Economics of Education Review, 29, 947–958. doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.04.006