References
- Abu-Lughod , L. , ed. 1998 . Remaking Women: Feminism and Modernity in the Middle East , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
- Al-Buti , S. R. 2003 . Women: Between the Tyranny of the Western System and the Mercy of the Islamic Law , Damascus : Dar al Fikr .
- Baron , B. 2005 . Egypt as a Woman: Nationalism, Gender and Politics , Berkeley : University of California Press .
- Carøe Christensen, C. (1999) Self and social process in women's Islamic activism: claims for recognition. PhD thesis, University of Copenhagen
- Carøe Christensen , C. 2003 . “ Women's Islamic activism: between self-practices and social reform efforts ” . In Modernizing Islam: Religion in the Public Sphere in the Middle East and Europe , Edited by: Esposito , J. L. 145 – 165 . London : Hurst .
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2006) The World Fact Book, available at: < https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/sy.html#People> (accessed 17 October 2006)
- Eickelman , D. F. 1992 . Mass higher education and the religious imagination in contemporary Arab societies . American Ethnologist , 19 ( 4 ) : 643 – 655 .
- George , A. 2003 . Syria: Neither Bread nor Freedom , London : Zed Books .
- Hatem , M. F. 1992 . Economic and political liberation in Egypt and the demise of state feminism . International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies , 24 ( 2 ) : 231 – 251 .
- Hatem , M. F. 1994 . Egyptian discourses on gender and political liberalization: do secularists' and Islamists' views really differ? . The Middle East Journal , 48 ( 4 ) : 661 – 676 .
- Hatem , M. F. 1999 . “ Modernization, the state, and the family in Middle East women's studies ” . In Social History of Women and Gender in the Modern Middle East , Edited by: Meriwether , M. L. and Tucker , J. E. 63 – 87 . Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
- Hinnebusch , R. A. 1997 . Syria: the politics of economic liberalization . Third World Quarterly , 18 ( 2 ) : 249 – 265 .
- Hinnebusch , R. A. 2001 . Syria: Revolution from Above , London : Routledge .
- Holland , D. , Lachicotte , W. Jr. , Skinner , D. and Cain , C. 1998 . Identity and Agency in Cultural Worlds , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
- International Crisis Group (ICG) . 2004 . Syria under Bashar (II): Domestic Policy Challenges , Amman and Brussels : ICG . Middle East Report no. 24
- Joseph , S. , ed. 2000 . Gender and Citizenship in the Middle East , New York : Syracuse University Press .
- Kandiyoti , D. , ed. 1991 . Women, Islam and the State , London : Macmillan .
- Kedar , M. 2005 . Asad in Search of Legitimacy: Message and Rhetoric in the Syrian Press under Hafiz and Bashar , Brighton and Portland : Sussex Academic Press .
- Lie , S. and Vogt , K. 2002 . Gender, Education and Ideology: The Case of Syria , Oslo : University of Oslo . Report no. 5
- Moghadam , V. M. 1994 . Gender and National Identity , London : Zed Books .
- Moghadam , V. M. 2003 . Modernizing Women: Gender and Change in the Middle East , Boulder, CO : Lynne Rienner .
- Najmabadi , A. 1998 . “ Crafting an educated housewife in Iran ” . In Remaking Women: Feminism and Modernity in the Arab World , Edited by: Abu-Lughod , L. 91 – 125 . Princeton : Princeton University Press .
- Owen , R. 2001 . “ The growth of state power in the Arab world: the single-party regimes ” . In State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East , Edited by: Owen , R. 27 – 44 . London : Routledge .
- Perthes , V. 1995 . The Political Economy of Syria under Asad , London : I.B. Tauris .
- Perthes , V. 2004 . Syria under Bashar al-Asad: Modernisation and the Limits of Change , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- Rabo , A. 1996 . “ Gender, state and civil society in Jordan and Syria ” . In Civil Society: Challenging Western Models , Edited by: Hann , C. and Dunn , E. 155 – 177 . London : Routledge .
- Rabo , A. 1992 . “ The value of education in Jordan and Syria ” . In Kam-ap or Take-off: Local Notions of Development , Edited by: Dahl , G. and Rabo , A. 98 – 122 . Uppsala : Stockholm Studies of Social Anthropology .
- Roberts , D. 1987 . The Ba'th and the Creation of Modern Syria , London : Croom Helm .
- Sadiqi, F. (2006) Morocco's veiled feminists. Project syndicate: an association of newspapers around the world, available at http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/sadiqi1 (accessed 24 January 2007)
- Shakry , O. 1998 . “ Schooled mothers and structured play: child rearing in turn-of-the-century Egypt ” . In Remaking Women: Feminism and Modernity in the Arab World , Edited by: Abu-Lughod , L. 126 – 170 . Princeton : Princeton University Press .
- Simonsen , J. B. 2005 . Osmannerigets arvetagere: nation, stat og religion i Syrien . The Jutlandic Historian , 110 : 25 – 57 .
- Starrett , G. 1998 . Putting Islam to Work: Education, Politics, and Religious Transformation in Egypt , Berkeley and Los Angeles : University of California Press .
- Thompson , E. 2000 . Colonial Citizens: Republican Rights, Paternal Privilege, and Gender in French Syria and Lebanon , New York : Columbia University Press .
- Tucker , J. E. 1993 . “ Introduction ” . In Arab Women: Old Boundaries, New Frontiers , Edited by: Tucker , J. E. vii – xviii . Bloomington : Indiana University Press .
- United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) . 2003 . Evaluating the Status of Syrian Women in the Light of the Beijing Platform for Action , Amman : Arab States Regional Office .
- Van Dam , N. 1979 . The Struggle for Power in Syria , London : Croom Helm .
- Wedeen , L. 1999 . Ambiguities of Domination: Politics, Rhetoric and Symbols in Contemporary Syria , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
- Wieland , C. 2006 . Syria at Bay: Secularism, Islamism and ‘Pax Americana’ , London : Hurst .
- Yuval-Davis , N. 1997 . Gender & Nation , London : Sage .