‘Cool' or ‘hot' rational choices: an examination of traits and states in sexual crimes

References

• Abbey, A. (2011). Alcohol’s role in sexual violence perpetration: Theoretical explanations, existing evidence and future directions. Drug and Alcohol Review, 30(5), 481–489. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00296.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbey, A., Wegner, R., Woerner, J., Pegram, S. E., & Pierce, J. (2014). Review of survey and experimental research that examines the relationship between alcohol consumption and men’s sexual aggression perpetration. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 15(4), 265–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838014521031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory or crime and delinquency. Criminology; An interdisciplinary Journal, 30(1), 47–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1992.tb01093.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnew, R. (2013). When criminal coping is likely: An extension of general strain theory. Deviant Behavior, 34(8), 653–670. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2013.766529
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albert, D., & Steinberg, L. (2011). Judgment and decision making in adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21(1), 211–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00724.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ariely, D. (2010). Predictably irrational, Revised and expanded edition. Harper Collins.
   Google Scholar
• Ariely, D., & Loewenstein, G. (2006). The heat of the moment: The effect of sexual arousal on sexual decision making. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 19(2), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.501
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balemba, S., & Beauregard, E. (2013). Where and when? Examining spatiotemporal aspects of sexual assault events. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 19(2), 171–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2012.703702
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bard, L. A., Carter, D. L., Cerce, D. D., Knight, R. A., Rosenberg, R., & Schneider, B. (1987). A descriptive study of rapists and child molesters: Developmental, clinical, and criminal characteristics. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 5(2), 203–220. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2370050211
   Google Scholar
• Beauducel, A., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2006). On the performance of maximum likelihood versus means and variance adjusted weighted least squares estimation in CFA. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 13(2), 186–203. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1302_2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beauregard, E., & Leclerc, B. (2007). An application of the rational choice approach to the offending process of Sex offenders: A closer look at the decision-making. Sexual Abuse, 19(2), 115–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/107906320701900204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beauregard, E., Proulx, J., Rossmo, K., Leclerc, B., & Allaire, J.-F. (2007a). Script analysis of the hunting process of serial Sex offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(8), 1069–1084. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854807300851
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beauregard, E., Rossmo, D. K., & Proulx, J. (2007b). A descriptive model of the hunting process of serial Sex offenders: A rational choice perspective. Journal of Family Violence, 22(6), 449–463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-007-9101-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, G. S. (1968). Crime and punishment: An economic approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), 169–217. bth. https://doi.org/10.1086/259394
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouffard, J. (2014a). The role of sexual arousal and perceived consequences in men’s and women’s decisions to engage in sexually coercive behaviours. In J.-L. Van Gelder, H. Elffers, D. Reynald, & D. Nagin (Eds.), In Affect and cognition in criminal decision making (pp. 77–96). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bouffard, J. A. (2002). The influence of emotion on rational decision making in sexual aggression. Journal of Criminal Justice, 30(2), 121–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2352(01)00130-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouffard, J. A. (2014b). Examining the direct and indirect effects of fear and anger on criminal decision making among known offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 59(13), 1385–1408. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X14539126
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouffard, J. A., & Exum, M. L. (2013). Rational choice beyond the classroom: Decision making in offenders versus college students. Journal of Criminal Justice, 41(6), 438–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2013.08.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennan, C. L., Swartout, K. M., Cook, S. L., & Parrott, D. J. (2018). A qualitative analysis of offenders’ emotional responses to perpetrating sexual assault. Sexual Abuse, 30(4), 393–412. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063216667917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardona, N., Berman, A. K., Sims-Knight, J. E., & Knight, R. A. (2020). Covariates of the severity of aggression in sexual crimes: Psychopathy and borderline characteristics. Sexual Abuse, 32(2), 154–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063218807485
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmichael, S., & Piquero, A. (2004). Sanctions, perceived anger, and criminal offending. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 20(4), 371–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-004-5869-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cesar, G. T., & Decker, S. (2017). Cold-Blooded and badass: A “Hot/cool” approach to understanding carjackers’ decisions. In W. Bernasco, J.-L. van Gelder, & H. Elffers (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of offender decision making (pp. 611–632). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.30
   Google Scholar
• Clarke, R. V. (2014a). Affect and the reasoning criminal: Past and future. In J.-L. Van Gelder, H. Elffers, D. Reynald, & D. Nagin (Eds.), Affect and cognition in criminal decision making (pp. 20–41). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Clarke, R. V. (2014b). Introduction to the transaction edition. In D. B. Cornish & R. V. Clarke (Eds.), The reasoning criminal. Rational choice perspectives on offending (pp. ix–xvi). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Clarke, R. V., & Cornish, D. B. (1985). Modeling offenders’ decisions: A framework for research and policy. Crime and Justice, 6, 147–185. https://doi.org/10.1086/449106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke, R. V., & Cornish, D. B. (2001). Rational choice. In R. Paternoster & R. Bachman (Eds.), Explaining criminals and crime: Essays on contemporary criminological theory (pp. 23–42). Roxbury Press.
   Google Scholar
• Clarke, R. V., & Felson, M. (1993). Introduction: Criminology, routine activity, and rational choice. In R. V. Clarke, & M. Felson (Eds.), Routine activity and rational choice (Vol. 5, pp. 1–14). Transaction Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Cleckley, H. M. (1976). The mask of sanity (5th ed). C. V. Mosby co.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, R. (2008). Violence. A micro-sociological theory. Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cornish, D. B., & Clarke, R. V., (Eds). (1986). The reasoning criminal: Rational choice perspectives on offending. Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Daversa, M. T., & Knight, R. A. (2007). A structural examination of the predictors of sexual coercion against children in adolescent sexual offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(10), 1313–1333. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854807302411
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeBlasio, S., Ioannou, M., & Synnott, J. (2022). Sexual offending: The intrepid professional-adventurer and The dejected revenger-victim. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 0306624X221124836. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X221124836
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLisi, M., Tostlebe, J., Burgason, K., Heirigs, M., & Vaughn, M. (2018). Self-control versus psychopathy: A head-to-head test of general theories of antisociality. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 16(1), 53–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204016682998
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolcos, F., Iordan, A. D., & Dolcos, S. (2011). Neural correlates of emotion–cognition interactions: A review of evidence from brain imaging investigations. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 23(6), 669–694. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2011.594433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eher, R., Schilling, F., Hansmann, B., Pumberger, T., Nitschke, J., Habermeyer, E., & Mokros, A. (2016). Sadism and violent reoffending in sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse, 28(1), 46–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063214566715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eifler, S. (2007). Evaluating the validity of self-reported deviant behavior using vignette analyses. Quality & Quantity, 41(2), 303–318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-007-9093-3
   Google Scholar
• Eisner, M. (2001). Modernization, self-control and lethal violence. The long-term dynamics of European homicide rates in theoretical perspective. British Journal of Criminology, 41(4), 618–638. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/41.4.618
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, J. S. B. T. (2008). Dual-Processing accounts of reasoning, judgment, and social cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59(1), 255–278. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Exum, M. L., & Zachowicz, A. (2014). Sexual arousal and the ability to access sexually aggressive consequences from memory. In J.-L. Van Gelder, H. Elffers, D. Reynald, & D. Nagin (Eds.), In Affect and cognition in criminal decision making (pp. 97–118). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Farrell, G. (2010). Situational crime prevention and its discontents: Rational choice and harm reduction versus ‘cultural criminology’. Social Policy & Administration, 44(1), 40–66. bth. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.2009.00699.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fried, C. S., & Reppucci, N. D. (2001). Criminal decision making: The development of adolescent judgment, criminal responsibility, and culpability. Law and Human Behavior, 25(1), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005639909226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garofalo, C., López-Pérez, B., Gummerum, M., Hanoch, Y., & Tamir, M. (2019). Emotion goals: What do sexual offenders want to feel? International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 63(15-16), 2611–2629. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X19866114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ha, O. K., & Beauregard, E. (2016). Sex offending and low self-control: An extension and test of the general theory of crime. Journal of Criminal Justice, 47, 62–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.07.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamdi, N. R., & Knight, R. A. (2012). The relationships of perpetrator and victim substance use to the sexual aggression of rapists and child molesters. Sexual Abuse, 24(4), 307–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063211420450
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson, R. K., Harris, A. J. R., Scott, T.-L., & Helmus, L. (2007). Assessing the risk of sexual offenders in community supervision: The Dynamic Supervision Project (Corrections Research User Report No. 2007-05). Public Safety Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Hanson, R. K., & Morton-Bourgon, K. E. (2005). The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: A meta-analysis of recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(6), 1154–1163. pdh. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.6.1154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hare, R. D. (1991). The Hare psychopathy checklist-revised. Multi-Health Systems.
   Google Scholar
• Hewitt, A., & Beauregard, E. (2014). Sexual crime and place: The impact of the environmental context on sexual assault outcomes. Journal of Criminal Justice, 42(5), 375–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2014.05.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howells, K., Day, A., & Wright, S. (2004). Affect, emotions, and sex offending. Psychology, Crime & Law, 10(2), 179–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/10683160310001609988
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson, S. M., Ward, T., & McCormack, J. C. (1999). Offense pathways in sexual offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14(8), 779–798. https://doi.org/10.1177/088626099014008001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs, B. A., & Cherbonneau, M. (2019). Reconciling emotion and rational choice: Negativistic auto theft, consequence irrelevance, and the seduction of destruction. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 56(6), 783–815. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427819828793
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs, B. A., & Cherbonneau, M. (2021). Patience and crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 58(4), 383–419. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427820974427
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang, S. J., & Johnson, B. R. (2003). Strain, negative emotions, and deviant coping among African Americans: A test of general strain theory. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 19(1), 79–105. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022570729068
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz, J. (1988). Seductions of crime: Moral and sensual attractions in doing evil. Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Keulen-de Vos, M., Herzog-Evans, M., & Benbouriche, M. (2022). Emotional states related to sexual offending versus violent offending using a schema therapy perspective. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. 0306624X221110799. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X221110799
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, M.-S., & Hunter, J. E. (1993). Relationships among attitudes, behavioral intentions, and behavior. Communication Research, 20(3), 331–364. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365093020003001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight, R. A., & Sims-Knight, J. E. (2003). The developmental antecedents of sexual coercion against women: Testing alternative hypotheses with structural equation modeling. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 989(1), 72–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07294.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Knight, R. A., & Sims-Knight, J. E. (2011). Risk factors for sexual violence. In J. W. White (Ed.), Violence against women and children, Volume 1: Mapping the terrain (pp. 125–172). Americal Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn, D. (2009). Adolescent thinking. In R. M. Lerner & L. D. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 152–186). John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Larson, M., Vaughn, M. G., Salas-Wright, C. P., & Delisi, M. (2015). Narcissism, low self-control, and violence among a nationally representative sample. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 42(6), 644–661. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854814553097
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leclerc, B., & Lindegaard, M. R. (2018). The emotional experience behind sexually offending in context: Affective states before, during, and after crime events. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 55(2), 242–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427817743783
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leclerc, B., Proulx, J., Lussier, P., & Allaire, J.-F. (2009). *Offender-victim interaction and crime event outcomes: Modus operandi and victim effects on the risk of intrusive sexual offenses against children. Criminology; An Interdisciplinary Journal, 47(2), 595–618. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2009.00151.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeDoux, J. (1996). The emotional brain: The mysterious underpinnings of emotional life. Simon & Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Loewenstein, G. (1996). Out of control: Visceral influences on behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 65(3), 272–292. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1996.0028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loewenstein, G., Nagin, D., & Paternoster, R. (1997). The effect of sexual arousal on expectations of sexual forcefulness. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 34(4), 443–473. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427897034004003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loughran, T., Paternoster, R., & Weiss, D. (2012). Hyperbolic time discounting, offender time preferences and deterrence. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 28(4), 607–628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-011-9163-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loughran, T. A., Paternoster, R., Chalfin, A., & Wilson, T. (2016). Can rational choice be considered a general theory of crime? Evidence from individual-level panel data. Criminology; An interdisciplinary Journal, 54(1), 86–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12097
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancini, C., Reckdenwald, A., & Beauregard, E. (2012). Pornographic exposure over the life course and the severity of sexual offenses: Imitation and cathartic effects. Journal of Criminal Justice, 40(1), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2011.11.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClure, S. M., Laibson, D. I., Loewenstein, G., & Cohen, J. D. (2004). Separate neural systems value immediate and delayed monetary rewards. Science, 306(5695), 503–507. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100907
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100(4), 674–701. pdh. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.100.4.674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morselli, C., & Tremblay, P. (2004). Criminal achievement, offender networks and the benefits of low self-control. Criminology; An Interdisciplinary Journal, 42(3), 773–804. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2004.tb00536.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nedegaard, R., & Sbrocco, T. (2014). The impact of anger on the intimate partner violence decision-making process. Journal of Family Violence, 29(6), 613–624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-014-9618-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedneault, A., Beauregard, E., Harris, D. A., & Knight, R. A. (2015). Rationally irrational the case of sexual Burglary. Sexual Abuse, 27(4), 376–397. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063213511669
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedneault, A., Beauregard, E., Harris, D. A., & Knight, R. A. (2017). Myopic decision making: An examination of crime decisions and their outcomes in sexual crimes. Journal of Criminal Justice, 50, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2017.03.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piquero, A. R., MacDonald, J., Dobrin, A., Daigle, L. E., & Cullen, F. T. (2005). Self-Control, violent offending, and homicide victimization: Assessing the general theory of crime. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 21(1), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-004-1787-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posner, J., Russell, J. A., Peterson, W., & Bradley, S. (2005). The circumplex model of affect: An integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 17(3), 715–734. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579405050340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt, T. C., & Cullen, F. T. (2000). The empirical status of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime: A meta-analysis. Criminology; An interdisciplinary Journal, 38(3), 931–964. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00911.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proulx, J., Ouimet, M., & Lachaîne, N. (1995). Criminologie de l’acte et pédophilie. Revue Internationale de Criminologie et de Police Technique., 48, 294–310.
   Google Scholar
• Robertson, C. A., & Knight, R. A. (2014). Relating sexual sadism and psychopathy to one another, non-sexual violence, and sexual crime behaviors. Aggressive Behavior, 40(1), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, J. A. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(6), 1161–1178. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0077714
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salekin, R. T., Rogers, R., & Sewell, K. W. (1996). A review and meta-analysis of the psychopathy checklist and psychopathy checklist-revised: Predictive validity of dangerousness. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 3(3), 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1996.tb00071.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sellers, C. S. (1999). *Self-control and intimate violence: An examination of the scope and specification of the general theory of crime. Criminology; An Interdisciplinary Journal, 37(2), 375–404. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1999.tb00490.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon, H. A. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69(1), 99–118. https://doi.org/10.2307/1884852
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smallbone, S. W., & Milne, L. (2000). Associations between trait anger and aggression used in the commission of sexual offenses. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 44(5), 606–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X00445007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg, L. (2005). Cognitive and affective development in adolescence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(2), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg, L. (2008). A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking. Developmental Review, 28(1), 78–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2007.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg, L. (2012). Should the science of adolescent brain development inform public policy? Issues in Science and Technology, 28(3), 67–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg, L., Albert, D., Cauffman, E., Banich, M., Graham, S., & Woolard, J. (2008). Age differences in sensation seeking and impulsivity as indexed by behavior and self-report: Evidence for a dual systems model. Developmental Psychology, 44(6), 1764–1778. pdh. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012955
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg, L., Graham, S., O’Brien, L., Woolard, J., Cauffman, E., & Banich, M. (2009). Age differences in future orientation and delay discounting. Child Development, 80(1), 28–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01244.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutton, S. (1998). Predicting and explaining intentions and behavior: How well are we doing? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(15), 1317–1338. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01679.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Gelder, J.-L. (2013). Beyond rational choice: The Hot/cool perspective of criminal decision making. Psychology, Crime & Law, 19(9), 745–763. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2012.660153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Gelder, J.-L., & De Vries, R. E. (2012). Traits and states: Integrating personality and affect into a model of criminal decision making. Criminology; An Interdisciplinary Journal, 50(3), 637–671. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2012.00276.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Gelder, J.-L., Elffers, H., Reynald, D., & Nagin, D. (2014). Affect and cognition in criminal decision making: Between rational choice and lapses of self-control. In J.-L. Van Gelder, H. Elffers, D. Reynald, & D. Nagin (Eds.), Affect and cognition in criminal decision making (pp. 1–19). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Vuilleumier, P., Armony, J. L., Driver, J., & Dolan, R. J. (2001). Effects of attention and emotion on face processing in the human brain: An event-related fMRI Study. Neuron, 30(3), 829–841. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00328-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters, G. D. (2003). Predicting institutional adjustment and recidivism with the psychopathy checklist factor scores: A meta-analysis. Law and Human Behavior, 27(5), 541–558. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025490207678
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widom, C. S., Raphael, K. G., & DuMont, K. A. (2004). The case for prospective longitudinal studies in child maltreatment research: Commentary on Dube, Williamsom, Thompson, Felitti and Anda (2004). Child Abuse & Neglect, 28(7), 715–722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.03.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willits, D. (2019). Violent propensity, strain, and violent intentions: A test of Agnew’s revised conditioning hypothesis. Deviant Behavior, 40(1), 122–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2017.1411046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wortley, R., & Smallbone, S. (2014). Emotional arousal and child sex offending. A situational perspective. In J.-L. Van Gelder, H. Elffers, D. Reynald, & D. Nagin (Eds.), In Affect and cognition in criminal decision making (pp. 119–139). Routledge.
   Google Scholar